OBJECTIVES: This clinical study evaluated the effect of light activation on the whitening efficacy and safety of in-office bleaching system containing 15% hydrogen peroxide gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three volunteers were randomly treated with (n = 17, experimental group) or without light activation (n = 16, control group), using Zoom2 white gel (15% H2O2, Discus Dental) for a total treatment time of 45 min. Visual and instrumental color measurements were obtained using Vitapan Classical shade guide and Shadepilot (DeguDent) at screening test, after bleaching, and 1 month and 3 month after bleaching. Data were analyzed using t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and chi-squared test. RESULTS: Zoom2 white gel produced significant shade changes in both experimental and control group when pre-treatment shade was compared with that after bleaching. However, shade difference between two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Tooth shade relapse was not detected at 3 months after bleaching. The incidence of transient tooth sensitivity was 39.4%, with being no differences between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The application of light activation with Zoom2 white gel system neither achieved additional whitening effects nor showed more detrimental influences.
Humans ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Light ; Mass Screening ; Recurrence ; Tooth ; Tooth Bleaching

BACKGROUND: The aim of study was to determine the relative frequency of malignant lymphoma according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification in Korea. METHODS: A total of 3,998 cases diagnosed at 31 institutes between 2005 and 2006 were enrolled. Information including age, gender, pathologic diagnosis, site of involvement and immunophenotypes were obtained. RESULTS: The relative frequency of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was 95.4% and 4.6%, respectively. B-cell lymphomas accounted for 77.6% of all NHL, while T/natural killer (T/NK)-cell lymphomas accounted for 22.4%. The most frequent subtypes of NHL were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (42.7%), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (19.0%), NK/T-cell lymphoma (6.3%) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), unspecified (6.3%), in decreasing order. The relative frequency of HL was nodular sclerosis (47.4%), mixed cellularity (30.6%), and nodular lymphocyte predominant (12.1%) subtypes. Compared with a previous study in 1998, increase in gastric MZBCL and nodular sclerosis HL, and slight decrease of follicular lymphoma, PTCL, and NK/T-cell lymphoma were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Korea had lower rates of HL and follicular lymphoma, and higher rates of extranodal NHL, extranodal MZBCL, and NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type compared with Western countries. Changes in the relative frequency of lymphoma subtypes are likely ascribed to refined diagnostic criteria and a change in national health care policy.
Academies and Institutes ; Delivery of Health Care ; Hodgkin Disease ; Korea ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Sclerosis ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: The Hematopathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists conducted a nation-wide retrospective analysis of Korean pediatric lymphoma, to provide pathologic data on pediatric/adolescent lymphoma subtypes and features. METHODS: All lymphoma cases of all age groups were collected during a recent 2 year-period (2005-2006) from 32 institutes in Korea. Among 3,686 lymphoma patients, 142 who were age 18 or less were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. RESULTS: Among 142 pediatric/adolescent lymphoma patients, Hodgkin lymphoma accounted for 21 (14.8%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) for 121 (85.2%). Hodgkin lymphoma appears to be more common in the pediatric/adolescent age group than in the all-ages group (14.8% vs 4.4%). T- and natural killer cell-NHL was more common in the pediatric/adolescent age group than in the all ages group (46.3% vs 22%). The majority of Korean pediatric/adolescent NHL cases was composed of Burkitt lymphoma, T- or B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. For lymphoma patients under the age of 6 years, most had B-lymphoblastic or Burkitt lymphoma, which commonly presented at extranodal sites. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of lymphoma subtypes in the pediatric/adolescent age group is quite different from the distribution of adults, but it was quite similar to distribution in Western countries.
Academies and Institutes ; Adult ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Retrospective Studies ; World Health Organization

A 47-year-old woman was scheduled for mitral valvoplasty. Before induction of anesthesia, a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) was placed via right internal jugular vein. Central venous pressure or right atrial pressure was traced until about 60 cm of PAC insertion and right ventricular pressure curve appeared without arrhythmias. We withdrew and advanced the catheter several times, but pressure tracing showed the same pattern. And we could not obtain the pulmonary artery pressure. We decided to leave the PAC in the right ventricle. No ventricular arrhythmia was detected. Postoperative chest x-ray revealed that PAC traveled through inferior vena cava and looped in the hepatic vein with the tip of the catheter in the right ventricle. Under fluoroscopic guidance, PAC was inserted to the pulmonary artery. No sign of hepatic vein obstruction was detected.
Anesthesia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Pressure ; Catheters ; Central Venous Pressure ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Pulmonary Artery ; Thorax ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; Ventricular Pressure

PURPOSE: This study was perfomed to analyze in detail the viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in Cheunan, Korea by multiplex RT-PCR, including human rhinovirus (hRV) and newly identified viruses such as human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human coronavirus (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E/NL63). Method: Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were collected from 863 hospitalized children with ALRI on the first day of admission at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital and analyzed by multiplex RT-PCR from December 2005 to November 2006. RESULTS: Viral agents were detected from 474 subjects (54.9%). The identified viral pathogens were hRV 9.2%, hMPV 6.8%, HCoV-229E/NL63 1.4%, and HCoV-OC43 2.1%. Coinfections with > or =2 viruses were observed in 108 patients (22.8%). The major period of viral ALRI was the first year of life. Clinical diagnoses of viral ALRI were pneumonia (59.5%), bronchiolitis (24.7%), tracheobronchitis (11.4%), and croup (4%). The most common causes of bronchiolitis was respiratory syncytial virus B (RSV B), whereas hMPV, hRV, HCoV-229E/NL63, and HCoV-OC43 were commonly found in patients with pneumonia. The number of hMPV infections peaked between March and May 2006. HCoV-OC43 was prevalent from November to February 2006, whereas HCoV-229E and hRV were detected throughout the year. CONCLUSION: Although the study was confined to one year, hMPV was not detected during winter and peaked between March and April, which was not consistent with previous studies'. This present study indicates that HCoV is a less common respiratory pathogen in cases of ALRI in Korean children.
Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Coinfection ; Coronavirus ; Croup ; Humans ; Korea ; Metapneumovirus ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Rhinovirus

Cystic sebaceous adenomas are rare neoplasms that can arise in salivary glands. Among the salivary glands, the most commonly reported location is the parotid gland where it must be differentiated from other intraparotid masses. Unfortunately, its imaging features are not well-known as a result of its rarity. We report a case of cystic sebaceous adenoma that manifested as a gradually enlarging mass within the parotid gland of a 60-year-old man.
Adenoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Glands

Cystic sebaceous adenomas are rare neoplasms that can arise in salivary glands. Among the salivary glands, the most commonly reported location is the parotid gland where it must be differentiated from other intraparotid masses. Unfortunately, its imaging features are not well-known as a result of its rarity. We report a case of cystic sebaceous adenoma that manifested as a gradually enlarging mass within the parotid gland of a 60-year-old man.
Adenoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Glands

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis(AGEP) is a relatively rare exfoliative skin syndrome. It consists of a generalized eruption of pustules in response to medication or infection. Antibiotics are the most commonly implicated medications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID) can also trigger AGEP. However, So far, a case of AGEP due to ibuprofen has not been reported in Korea. Therefore we report a case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis as a result of use of ibuprofen in a 10 years old female.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; Korea ; Skin

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate whether the preoperative nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was a risk factor for surgical site infections and nosocomial infections in open heart surgery patients. METHODS: From June 10, 2002 to October 30, 2002, data were collected by prospective surveillance carried out by infection control nurses. Nasal swabs were taken from patients (N= 106) on the day before surgery. The swabs were incubated in staphylococcal broth for 24 hours, and then it was incubated on mannitol salt agar for 24 hours. Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with oxacillin (6 microgram/mL) was used to identify MRSA. RESULTS: Among the study patients (N=106), four(4/106, 3.8%) were identified as MRSA carriers and nine (9/103 , 8.7%) developed nosocomial infections, including three patients (3/103 , 2.9%) who had postoperative mediastinitis Preoperative nasal carriage of MRSA was not associated with nosocomial infections nor surgical site infections (P>0.05). However, the length of hospital stay prior to nasal swab or surgery was found to be associated with MRSA carriage (OR=1.108, 95%CI: 1.026-1.197) or nosocomial infections (OR=1.087, 95%CI: 1.017-1.161). Additionally, the patients with nosocomial infections were more likely than those without to stay in the hospital for a longer period after surgery (P<0.00l). CONCLUSION: Preoperative nasal carriage of MRSA by the patient was not identified as a risk factor for surgical site infection and nosocomial infections in open heart surgery.
Agar ; Cross Infection* ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Length of Stay ; Mannitol ; Mediastinitis ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Oxacillin ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thoracic Surgery*

The glomus tumor is a distinct neoplasm composed of modified perivascular smooth-muscle cells identical to those described in the glomus body. Malignant glomus tumor, also referred to as glomangiosarcoma, is exceedingly rare. It has been subdivided into locally infiltrative glomus tumor, glomangiosarcoma arising in a benign glomus tumor, and glomangiosarcoma arising in de novo. A few cases of malignant glomus tumor arising in a benign glomus tumor have been reported. A 55-year-old man underwent resection of a solitary nodule in the right shoulder area. The tumor was biphasic with a typical benign glomus tumor at the periphery and the central sarcomatous area composed of oval to elongated pleomorphic cells with a single prominent nucleolus and occasional mitotic figures. Both tumor components showed intense staining for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and muscle specific actin. Herein, we report a case of a malignant glomus tumor arising in a benign glomus tumor with an immunohistochemical study and a review of literatures.
Actins ; Glomus Tumor* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Shoulder ; Vimentin