Animals ; Cdc20 Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology* ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Infertility, Female/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/metabolism*

Purpose: Some patients with respiratory failure fail initial weaning attempts and need prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV). Prolonged MV is associated with many complications and consumption of heathcare resources. Objective weaning indices help staffs to identify high-potential patients for weaning from the MV. Traditional weaning indices are not reliable in clinical practice. Transitional percentage of minute volume (TMV%) is a new index of the work of breathing. This study aimed to investigate the utility of TMV% in the prediction of weaning potential. Methods: This study was prospectively performed including all patients with prolonged MV. Researchers recorded their demographics, TMV%, respiratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and laboratory data upon arrival at the respiratory care center. The factors associated with successful weaning were analyzed. Results: Out of the 120 patients included, 84 (70.0%) were successfully weaned from MV. Traditional weaning indices such as rapid shallow breathing index could not predict the weaning outcome. TMV% was a valuable parameter as patients with a lower TMV%, higher tidal volume, higher hemoglobin, lower blood urea nitrogen, and lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores had a higher rate of successful weaning. TMV%, tidal volume, and HCO3- levels were independent predictors of successful weaning, and the area under the curve was .79 in the logistic regression model. Conclusion TMV% is a novel and effective predictor of successful weaning. Patients with lower TMV% had a higher MV weaning outcome. Once patients with a high potential for successful weaning are identified, they should be aggressively weaned from MV as soon as possible.

Objective: To investigate the effects of β2 glycoprotein Ⅰ/anti-β2 glycoprotein Ⅰ complex (β2/aβ2) on oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-mediated lipid accumulation and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation in THP-1 macrophage, as well as the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) during the process. Methods: THP-1 cells were differentiated into THP-1 macrophage by PMA (100 ng/mL). THP-1 macrophages were treated with RPMI 1640 medium, oxLDL, oxLDL+β2/aβ2 or oxLDL+lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mRNA expressions of lipid transportation molecules, ACAT1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 were detected by RT-qPCR. Intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) in THP-1 macrophages were evaluated by Trinder assay, then the content and proportion of intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) were calculated. The expression and phosphorylation of FAK were detected by immune fluorescence, RT-qPCR and western blot. To evaluate the role of TLR4, THP-1 macrophages were pre-treated with or without TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 (1 μg/mL). Results: β2/aβ2 treatment significantly inhibited oxLDL-mediated lipid accumulation and FAK expression and phosphorylation in THP-1 macrophages, which could be reversed by TLR4 blockage. Conclusion β2/aβ2 inhibits the oxLDL-mediated lipid accumulation and FAK activation of THP-1 macrophage, which is related to the function of TLR4.

European psychiatric specialist training system has been maturely developed for 6 decades.The institutional framework for psychiatric training during specialization has been conformed to European standards,including training content,assessment and training base.In Europe,psychiatry specialist education lasts 5-7 years.Trainees should have experience of psychiatric internships and get assessed prospectively.After the training,trainees will receive the qualifications of the association for psychiatric training in Europe.While in China,the training time of psychiatrists is 3 years,the training of related departments is nearly 1 year,and psychiatric training is only 2 years.The training time of psychotherapy and clinical practice of psychiatry is still not enough.There is also a lack of consistency in the implementation of theoretical and practical training in all the bases in China.Therefore,by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the Chinese and European psychiatry training system,this paper proposes optimizing the training program in China,increasing the students' humanistic cultivation and psychological care,and further improving the input of special training funds.

Human diphyllobothriasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of larvae (plerocercoids) in raw or undercooked fish and commonly found in temperate areas. Rare cases were reported in tropical or subtropical areas especially in children. The first documented case of pediatric diphyllobothriasis in Taiwan had been reported 11 years ago. Here, we report another 8-year-old girl case who presented with a live noodle-like worm hanging down from her anus, with no other detectable symptoms. We pulled the worm out and found the strobila being 260 cm in length. Examination of gravid proglottids showed that they were wider than their lengths, containing an ovoid cirrus sac in the anterior side and the rosette-shaped uterus. Eggs extracted from the uterus were ovoid and operculated. Diphyllobothrium latum was confirmed by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The girl was treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel, and no eggs or proglottids were observed from her stool in the subsequent 3 months. The reemergence of human diphyllobothriasis in non-endemic countries is probably due to prevalent habit of eating imported raw fish from endemic areas. This pediatric case raised our concern that human diphyllobothriasis is likely underestimated because of unremarkable symptoms.
Anal Canal ; Child ; Diphyllobothriasis ; Diphyllobothrium* ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Eating ; Eggs ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; Female ; Humans ; Larva ; Ovum ; Parasitic Diseases ; Praziquantel ; Taiwan* ; Uterus