No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphocyte Count/*methods ; Male ; Neutrophils/*pathology ; *Spermatic Cord Torsion ; *Testis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphocyte Count/*methods ; Male ; Neutrophils/*pathology ; *Spermatic Cord Torsion ; *Testis

PURPOSE: Hypospadias is the most common congenital penile anomaly. Information about current utilization patterns of inpatient hypospadias repair as well as complication rates remain poorly evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify all patients undergoing inpatient hypospadias repair between 1998 and 2010. Patient and hospital characteristics were attained and outcomes of interest included intra- and immediate postoperative complications. Utilization was evaluated temporally and also according to patient and hospital characteristics. Predictors of complications and excess length of stay were evaluated by logistic regression models. RESULTS: A weighted 10,201 patients underwent inpatient hypospadias repair between 1998 and 2010. Half were infants (52.2%), and were operated in urban and teaching hospitals. Trend analyses demonstrated a decline in incidence of inpatient hypospadias repair (estimated annual percentage change, -6.80%; range, -0.51% to -12.69%; p=0.037). Postoperative complication rate was 4.9% and most commonly wound-related. Hospital volume was inversely related to complication rates. Specifically, higher hospital volume (>31 cases annually) was the only variable associated with decreased postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient hypospadias repair have substantially decreased since the late 1990's. Older age groups and presumably more complex procedures constitute most of the inpatient procedures nowadays.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Humans ; Hypospadias/epidemiology/*surgery ; Infant ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Male ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Workload/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

In this paper, title was misprinted unintentionally.

A 66-year-old man underwent computed tomography-guided needle biopsy of a suspicious renal mass. Two months later he underwent partial nephrectomy. Histology revealed a 30-mm clear cell renal cell carcinoma, up to Fuhrman grade 3. An area of the capsule was interrupted, which corresponded to a hemorrhagic area on the cortical surface. Under microscopy, this area showed a tongue of tumor tissue protruding through the renal capsule. A tumor deposit was found in the perinephric fat. These features suggest that tumor seeding may have occurred during the needle biopsy.
Adipose Tissue/*pathology ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle/*adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*secondary/surgery ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy/adverse effects ; Kidney/*pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery ; Male ; *Neoplasm Seeding ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/*secondary

PURPOSE: Curcumin is a nontoxic, chemopreventive agent possessing multifaceted functions. Our previous study showed that curcumin inhibits androgen receptor (AR) through modulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in LNCaP cells. Therefore, we investigated the in vivo effects of curcumin by using LNCaP xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNCaP cells were subcutaneously inoculated in Balb/c nude mice. When the tumor volume reached greater than 100 mm3, either curcumin (500 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle was administered through oral gavage three times weekly for 4 weeks. The expression of AR and intermediate products of Wnt/beta-catenin were assessed. RESULTS: Curcumin had an inhibitory effect on tumor growth during the early period, which was followed by a slow increase in growth over time. Tumor growth was delayed about 27% in the curcumin group. The mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time in the curcumin group was approximately twice that in the untreated group. Curcumin significantly decreased AR expression at both the mRNA and protein level. The PSA levels tended to be reduced in the curcumin group. However, there were no significant changes in expression of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway intermediates. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that curcumin initially interferes with prostate cancer growth by inhibiting AR activity and possibly by reducing PSA expression. Further research is needed to investigate the plausible mechanism of the antiandrogenic action of curcumin.
Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology ; Curcumin/*pharmacology ; Cyclin D1/genetics/metabolism ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood/genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen/genetics/*metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/*drug effects ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of mitomycin C in reducing the recurrence of anterior urethral stricture after internal optical urethrotomy (IOU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Urology at the Institute of Kidney Diseases Peshawar from March 2011 to December 2013. A total of 151 patients who completed the study were divided into two groups by the lottery method. Group A (cases) comprised 78 patients in whom mitomycin C 0.1% was injected submucosally in the stricture after conventional IOU. Group B (controls) comprised 73 patients in whom IOU only was performed. Self-clean intermittent catheterization was not offered in either group. All patients were regularly followed up for 18 months. Recurrence was diagnosed by use of retrograde urethrogram in all patients and flexible urethroscopy in selected cases. Data were collected on a structured pro forma sheet and were analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in group A was 37.31+/-10.1 years and that in group B was 40.1+/-11.4 years. Recurrence of urethral stricture was recorded in 11 patients (14.1%) in group A and in 27 patients (36.9%) in group B (p=0.002). The mitomycin group also showed a delay in recurrence compared with the control group (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence of urethral stricture is high after optical urethrotomy. Mitomycin C was found to be highly effective in preventing the recurrence of urethral stricture after IOU.
Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin/*administration & dosage ; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; Urethral Stricture/*prevention & control/radiography/surgery ; Urodynamics ; Urologic Surgical Procedures/methods

PURPOSE: To assess the potential of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to identify urinary stone components, particularly uric acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate, which are unsuitable for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This clinical study included 246 patients who underwent removal of urinary stones and an analysis of stone components between November 2009 and August 2013. All patients received preoperative DECT using two energy values (80 kVp and 140 kVp). Hounsfield units (HU) were measured and matched to the stone component. RESULTS: Significant differences in HU values were observed between uric acid and nonuric acid stones at the 80 and 140 kVp energy values (p<0.001). All uric acid stones were red on color-coded DECT images, whereas 96.3% of the nonuric acid stones were blue. Patients with calcium oxalate stones were divided into two groups according to the amount of monohydrate (calcium oxalate monohydrate group: monohydrate> or =90%, calcium oxalate dihydrate group: monohydrate<90%). Significant differences in HU values were detected between the two groups at both energy values (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: DECT improved the characterization of urinary stone components and was a useful method for identifying uric acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate stones, which are unsuitable for ESWL.
Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry/*radiography/therapy ; *Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Selection ; Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Ureteral Calculi/*chemistry/*radiography/therapy ; Uric Acid/analysis

PURPOSE: To investigate the difference in rectal complications rate following prostate low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy based on prostate-rectum distance and prostate longitudinal length among early prostate cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2008 to February 2013, 245 prostate cancer patients with a Gleason score < or =7 were treated with 125-I LDR brachytherapy. Among them, 178 patients with prostate volume 20-35 mL and a follow-up period > or =6 months were evaluated for radiation proctitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for a prebrachytherapy evaluation, and prostate-rectum distance and prostate longitudinal length were measured. The radiation proctitis was confirmed and graded via colonoscopy based on the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) toxicity criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients received a colonoscopy for proctitis evaluation, and 12 were identified as grade 1 on the RTOG scale. Nine patients were diagnosed as grade 2 and 2 patients were grade 3. No patient developed grade 4 proctitis. The rectal-complication group had a mean prostate-rectum distance of 2.51+/-0.16 mm, while non-rectal-complication control group had 3.32+/-0.31 mm. The grade 1 proctitis patients had a mean prostate-rectum distance of 2.80+/-0.15 mm, which was significantly longer than 2.12+/-0.31 mm of grades 2 and 3 patient groups (p=0.045). All 11 patients of grades 2 and 3 had a prostate longitudinal length of 35.22+/-2.50 mm, which was longer than group 1, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.214). CONCLUSIONS: As the prostate-rectum distance increased, fewer postimplantation rectal symptoms were observed. Patients with a shorter prostate-rectum distance in MRI should receive modified implantation techniques or radical prostatectomy.
Aged ; Brachytherapy/*adverse effects ; Carcinoma/*radiotherapy ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Proctitis/diagnosis/*etiology ; Prostate/*pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*radiotherapy ; Radiation Injuries/diagnosis/*etiology ; Severity of Illness Index

PURPOSE: To determine whether statin use delays the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 171 patients with metastatic prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis who were treated with ADT between January 1997 and December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified into two groups: the nonstatin use group (A group) and the statin use group (B group). Multivariate analysis was performed on statin use and other factors considered likely to have an effect on the time to progression to CRPC. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 67.1+/-9.1 years, and the mean follow-up period was 52 months. The mean initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 537 ng/mL. Of the 171 patients, 125 (73%) were in group A and 46 (27%) were in group B. The time to progression to CRPC was 22.7 months in group A and 30.5 months in group B, and this difference was significant (p=0.032). Blood cholesterol and initial PSA levels did not differ significantly according to the time to progression to CRPC (p=0.288, p=0.198). Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression method showed that not having diabetes (p=0.037) and using a statin (p=0.045) significantly increased the odds ratio of a longer progression to CRPC. CONCLUSIONS: Statin use in metastatic prostate cancer patients appears to delay the progression to CRPC. Large-scale, long-term follow-up studies are needed to validate this finding.
Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/*secondary ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy/*pathology/*prevention & control ; Protective Factors ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors