Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better. Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We categorized the patients as those treated with complete revascularization (n=295) or incomplete revascularization (n=104). The study endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) and analyzed the incidence of MACCE at 1 year. Results: After PSM, the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference between the two groups in MACCE at 1 year (12.1% vs. 15.2%; hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.74; p=0.524) after PSM. The components of MACCE and major bleeding were also not significantly different. Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the groups treated with complete or incomplete revascularization for LM culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease.

Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better. Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We categorized the patients as those treated with complete revascularization (n=295) or incomplete revascularization (n=104). The study endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) and analyzed the incidence of MACCE at 1 year. Results: After PSM, the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference between the two groups in MACCE at 1 year (12.1% vs. 15.2%; hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.74; p=0.524) after PSM. The components of MACCE and major bleeding were also not significantly different. Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the groups treated with complete or incomplete revascularization for LM culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease.

Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better. Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We categorized the patients as those treated with complete revascularization (n=295) or incomplete revascularization (n=104). The study endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) and analyzed the incidence of MACCE at 1 year. Results: After PSM, the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference between the two groups in MACCE at 1 year (12.1% vs. 15.2%; hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.74; p=0.524) after PSM. The components of MACCE and major bleeding were also not significantly different. Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the groups treated with complete or incomplete revascularization for LM culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease.

Background: Complete revascularization has demonstrated better outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel disease. However, in the case of left main (LM) culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease, there is limited evidence to suggest that complete revascularization is better. Methods: We reviewed 16,831 patients in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry who were treated from July 2016 to June 2020, and 399 patients were enrolled with LM culprit lesion AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. We categorized the patients as those treated with complete revascularization (n=295) or incomplete revascularization (n=104). The study endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, stent thrombosis, and stroke. We performed propensity score matching (PSM) and analyzed the incidence of MACCE at 1 year. Results: After PSM, the two groups were well balanced. There was no significant difference between the two groups in MACCE at 1 year (12.1% vs. 15.2%; hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–2.74; p=0.524) after PSM. The components of MACCE and major bleeding were also not significantly different. Conclusion There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the groups treated with complete or incomplete revascularization for LM culprit lesion AMI with multivessel disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Both carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque are important factors in the primary prevention of cardiac disease. However, it is unclear which one is more important for prognosis, especially in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In total, 1426 consecutive CAD patients, proven by angiography, were followed-up for a mean of 85 months. The study population was divided into four groups depending on the CIMT (> or =0.83 mm, >95 percentile in Korea) and the presence or absence of carotid plaque. RESULTS: Patients with carotid plaque and thick CIMT (n=237, 16.6%) had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia than those had plaque and thin CIMT (n=213, 14.9%), those without plaque and thick CIMT (n=265, 18.6%) and those without plaque and thin CIMT (n=711, 49.9%). The patients with carotid plaque and thick CIMT group had a higher cardiac mortality rate (20.7% vs. 13.1%, 9.4% and 3.9%, respectively, p<0.001) and higher major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including death, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke (27.8% vs. 18.8%, 15.5% and 9.3%, respectively, p<0.001) than any other groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of carotid plaque with thick CIMT had the highest hazard ratio (HR) compared to other groups (HR 2.23 vs. 1.81, 2.01) for cardiac mortality. Also, carotid plaque had a higher HR than CIMT for mortality (HR 1.56 vs. 1.37) and MACE (HR 1.54 vs. 1.36) in the total study population. CONCLUSION: Carotid plaque is a more important prognostic factor than CIMT in patients with CAD, and adding a thick CIMT to carotid plaque increases the prognostic power for cardiac events.
Angiography ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Carotid Stenosis ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyslipidemias ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention ; Prognosis ; Stroke ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hypercholesterolemia is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis. We sought to evaluate the relation between hypercholesterolemia and plaque composition in patients with coronary artery disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study subjects consisted of 323 patients (mean 61.5 years, 226 males) who underwent coronary angiography and virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound examination. Patients were divided into two groups according to total cholesterol level: hypercholesterolemic group (> or =200 mg/dL, n=114) and normocholesterolemic group (<200 mg/dL, n=209). RESULTS: Hypercholesterolemic patients were younger (59.7+/-13.3 years vs. 62.6+/-11.5 years, p=0.036), than normocholesterolemic patients, whereas there were no significant differences in other demographics. Hypercholesterolemic patients had higher corrected necrotic core volume (1.23+/-0.85 mm3/mm vs. 1.02+/-0.80 mm3/mm, p=0.029) as well as percent necrotic core volume (20.5+/-8.5% vs. 18.0+/-9.2%, p=0.016) than normocholesterolemic patients. At the minimal lumen area site, percent necrotic core area (21.4+/-10.5% vs. 18.4+/-11.3%, p=0.019) and necrotic core area (1.63+/-1.09 mm2 vs. 1.40+/-1.20 mm2, p=0.088) were also higher than normocholesterolemic patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that total cholesterol level was an independent factor of percent necrotic core volume in the culprit lesion after being adjusted with age, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol , hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and acute coronary syndrome (beta 0.027, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.053, p=0.037). CONCLUSION: Hypercholesterolemia was associated with increased necrotic core volume in coronary artery plaque. This study suggests that hypercholesterolemia plays a role in making plaque more complex, which is characterized by a large necrotic core, in coronary artery disease.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Atherosclerosis ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Linear Models ; Smoking

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is unclear which plaque component is related with long-term clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery occlusive disease (CAOD). We assessed the relationship between plaque compositions and long-term clinical outcomes in those patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 339 consecutive patients (mean 61.7+/-12.2 years old, 239 males) who underwent coronary angiogram and a virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound examination. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular events, and target vessel revascularization were evaluated during a mean 28-month follow-up period. RESULTS: Patients with high fibrofatty volume (FFV, >8.90 mm3, n=169) had a higher incidence of MACCE (25.4% vs. 14.7%, p=0.015), male sex (75.7% vs. 65.3%, p=0.043), acute coronary syndrome (53.3% vs. 35.9%, p=0.002), multivessel disease (62.7% vs. 41.8%, p<0.001) and post-stent slow flow (10.7% vs. 2.4%, p=0.002) than those with low FFV (FFV< or =8.90 mm3, n=170). Other plaque composition factors such as fibrous area/volume, dense calcified area/volume, and necrotic core area/volume did not show any impact on MACCE. Cardiogenic shock {hazard ratio (HR)=8.44; 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.00-23.79; p<0.001} and FFV (HR=1.85; 95% CI=1.12-3.07; p=0.016) were the independent predictors of MACCE by Cox regression analysis. Thin-cap fibroatheroma, necrotic core area, and necrotic core volume were not associated with MACCE. CONCLUSION: FFV of a culprit lesion was associated with unfavorable long-term clinical outcomes in patients with CAOD.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between the positive remodeling (PR) of a coronary artery and plaque composition has been studied only in a relatively small number of study population or non-culprit lesion. We evaluated the association between coronary plaque composition and coronary artery remodeling in a relatively large number of culprit lesions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 325 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease that underwent intravascular ultrasound-virtual histology examination in a culprit lesion. The remodeling index (RI) was calculated as the lesion external elastic membrane (EEM) area divided by the average reference EEM area. RESULTS: The lesions with PR (RI>1.05, n=97, mean RI=1.19+/-0.12) had a higher fibrous volume/lesion length (3.85+/-2.12 mm3/mm vs. 3.04+/-1.79 mm3/mm, p=0.003) and necrotic core volume/lesion length (1.26+/-0.89 mm3/mm vs. 0.90+/-0.66 mm3/mm, p=0.001) than those with negative remodeling (NR) (RI<0.95, n=132, mean RI=0.82+/-0.09). At the minimal luminal area site, the lesions with PR had a higher fibrous area (5.81+/-3.17 mm2 vs. 3.61+/-2.30 mm2, p<0.001), dense calcified area (0.73+/-0.69 mm2 vs. 0.46+/-0.43 mm2, p=0.001), and necrotic core area (1.93+/-1.33 mm2 vs. 1.06+/-0.91 mm2, p<0.001) than those with NR. RI showed significant positive correlation with fibrous volume/lesion length (r=0.173, p=0.002), necrotic core volume/lesion length (r=0.188, p=0.001), fibrous area (r=0.347, p<0.001), fibrofatty area (r=0.111, p=0.036), dense calcified area (r=0.239, p<0.001), and necrotic core area (r=0.334, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent factor for PR was the necrotic core volume/lesion length (beta=0.130, 95% confidence interval; 0.002-0.056, p=0.037) over the entire lesion. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that PR in a culprit lesion is associated with the necrotic core volume in the entire lesion, which is a characteristic of vulnerable plaque.
Atherosclerosis ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Membranes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phenobarbital ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Placement of drug-eluting stents (DES) can be complicated by stent thrombosis; prophylactic antiplatelet therapy has been used to prevent such events. We evaluated the efficacy of cilostazol with regard to stent thrombosis as adjunctive antiplatelet therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,315 patients (846 males, 469 females) were prospectively enrolled and analyzed for the frequency of stent thrombosis. Patients with known risk factors for stent thrombosis, except diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, were excluded from the study. All patients maintained antiplatelet therapy for at least six months. To evaluate the effects of cilostazol as another option for antiplatelet therapy, triple antiplatelet therapy (aspirin+clopidogrel+cilostazol, n=502) was compared to dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin+clopidogrel, n=813). Six months after stent placement, all patients received only two antiplatelet drugs: treatment either with cilostazol+aspirin (cilostazol group) or clopidogrel+aspirin (clopidogrel group). There were 1,033 patients (396 in cilostazol group and 637 in clopidogrel group) that maintained antiplatelet therapy for at least 12 months and were included in this study. Stent thrombosis was defined and classified according to the definition reported by the Academic Research Consortium (ARC). RESULTS: defined and classified according to the definition reported by the Academic Research Consortium (ARC). RESULTS: During follow-up (561.7+/-251.4 days), 15 patients (1.14%) developed stent thrombosis between day 1 to day 657. Stent thrombosis occurred in seven patients (1.39%) on triple antiplatelet therapy and four patients (0.49%) on dual antiplatelet therapy (p=NS) within the first six months after stenting. Six months and later, after stent implantation, one patient (0.25%) developed stent thrombosis in the cilostazol group, and three (0.47%) in the clopidogrel group (p=NS). CONCLUSION: During the first six months after DES triple antiplatelet therapy may be more effective than dual antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of stent thrombosis. However, after the first six months, dual antiplatelet treatment, with aspirin and cilostazol, may have a better cost benefit ratio for the prevention of stent thrombosis.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Aspirin ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stents ; Tetrazoles ; Thrombosis ; Ticlopidine

No abstract available.