PURPOSE: This study aimed to estimate the effects of a health mentoring program on fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, physical activity, self care behavior and social support changes among community-dwelling vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pre-post-test design was used. Participants were 70 community-dwelling vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes. They were assigned to the experimental (n=30) or comparative (n=30) or control group (n=28). The experimental group participated in the health mentoring program, while the comparative group participated in health education program, the control group did not participate in any program. Data analyses involved a chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, a generalized linear model, and the Bonferroni correction, using SPSS 23.0. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the experimental and comparative groups showed a significant decrease in fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. Compared to the comparative and control groups, the experimental group showed significant improvement in self care behavior. However, there were no statistical differences in physical activity or social support among the three groups. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the health mentoring program is an effective intervention for community-dwelling vulnerable elderly individuals with diabetes. This program can be used as an efficient strategy for diabetes self-management within this population.
Aged* ; Blood Glucose ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Health Education ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Mentors* ; Motor Activity ; Self Care ; Statistics as Topic ; Triglycerides ; Vulnerable Populations

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the association of compliance with sick role behavior with satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and to assess the influence of compliance with sick role behavior among hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Participants included 109 patients from outpatient dialysis clinics at 6 major general hospitals located in urban areas in Korea. Data for compliance with sick role behavior and basic psychological needs were collected through a self-reported questionnaire and was analyzed with independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson' correlation analysis, and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. RESULTS: This study showed positive correlations between compliance with sick role behavior and satisfaction of basic psychological needs (r=0.59, P<0.001). The variables predicting compliance with sick role behavior were relatedness (beta=0.28), autonomy (beta=0.29), competency (beta=0.30), and age (beta=0.24). These variables accounted for 38.2% of the variance of compliance with sick role behavior in hemodialysis patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that it is necessary to improve compliance with sick role behaviorin order to increase satisfaction of basic psychological needs in hemodialysis patients.
Analysis of Variance ; Compliance ; Dialysis ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Outpatients ; Patient Compliance ; Personal Autonomy ; Renal Dialysis ; Sick Role

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify correlates and variables predicting daily activity among elders with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). METHODS: Seventy-six elders registered in the Department of Endocrine Medicine at C university hospital participated in data collection. Data on daily activity and biochemical variables were collected via actigraph accelerator (Actical) and blood tests between September 2009 and July 2010. Data analysis was done using SPSS WIN 15.0 program and included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: This study showed a positive correlation between daily activity and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and a negative correlation among Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C). The variables predicting daily activity were frequency of exercise, HDL-C, and TC. These factors accounted for 40.0% of the variance of daily activity in elders with DM. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is necessary to improve daily activity to reduce Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), TC, and TG in elders with DM.
*Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cholesterol/blood ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/*blood/diagnosis ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Female ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Triglycerides/blood

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to describe events resulting in perceived hurts in nursing, and to identify factors influencing forgiveness in clinical nurses. METHODS: The study was a descriptive correlation design. From May to July, 2009, the researcher used interviews to collect data from 148 clinical nurses from five hospitals in D city. RESULTS: Clinical nurses received perceived hurt from peer-nurses, care-givers, and doctors, and the reasons for the perceived hurts were blame, neglect, and valuation. Levels of forgiveness in clinical nurses were different according to who caused the perceived hurt, the degree of the perceived hurt, and endeavors to resolve the perceived hurts. Levels of forgiveness in clinical nurses were negatively correlated with age, degree of perceived hurt, and degree of anger expression, and positively correlated with degree of self-esteem. The strongest predictors of forgiveness in clinical nurses were degree of anger expression, age, and degree of hurt. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest that nursing staff should be able to identify reasons for perceived hurt in clinical nurses and provide a forgiveness program for each nursing situation.
Anger ; Forgiveness ; Humans ; Nursing Staff

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to compare the degree of anger expression, assertive behavior, and self-esteem between a nursing student group and an educational student group, and to identify factors affecting their self-esteem. METHODS: This study adopted the descriptive comparative design. Data were collected by interviewing 97 nursing students and 89 educational students from three nursing schools and one educational school in Daegu, Korea from November to December, 2008. RESULTS: Major findings of this study were as follows. 1) The educational student group had a higher self-esteem score than the nursing student group. 2) There were significant correlations among anger expression, assertive behavior, and self-esteem. 3) Self-esteem was significantly associated with Grade Point Average (GPA) and assertive behavior in the nursing student group with 17.2% variance, and with assertive behavior and anger-out in the educational student group with 24.1% variance. CONCLUSION: These results may contribute to better understanding of hurt, anger expression, assertive behavior, and self-esteem in nursing students and educational students. Based on the results, there, it is required to develop programs that prompt students' self-esteem.
Anger* ; Daegu ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Schools, Nursing ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to estimate the effects of a regular walking exercise program on metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, and depressive symptoms among the elderly with diabetic mellitus (DM) based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). METHODS: This study has randomized and stratified experimental design with experimental and control groups. We developed a regular walking exercise program suitable for the elderly with DM based on the guidance of AAHPERD. The experimental group participated in the regular walking exercise program, which contains walking exercise 3 times a week and 50 minutes each time for 3 months and education on controlling diet and preventing complications once a week and 20 minutes each time for 4 weeks. Post-test was conducted after 3 months to estimate metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The regular walking exercise program was effective for decreasing the waist size, the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and triglyceride (TG), cardiovascular risk factors and the severity of depressive symptoms among the elderly with DM. CONCLUSION: The incidence of complications would be decreased by applying a regular walking exercise program.
Aged* ; Blood Glucose ; Cardiovascular Deconditioning ; Depression* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Education ; Fasting ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metabolic Syndrome X ; Research Design ; Risk Factors* ; Triglycerides ; Walking*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a lecture on oral presentation and to evaluate changes in anger expression, assertive behavior, and self-esteem after lecture on oral presentation. METHODS: The design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were university students in nursing, of which 17 were assigned to the experimental group and 15 to the control group. The education was carried out for 2 hours, once a week for 14 weeks. Data was analyzed with SPSS/WIN 14 program, and included chi-square test, independent t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: Lecture on oral presentation showed significant differences in the changes of anger expression (F = 10.122, p = .003) and assertive behavior (F = 8.498, p = .007). CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that this lecture on oral presentation was effective in changing students' anger expression and assertive behavior. Therefore this lecture on oral presentation is recommended for inclusion in education for university students in nursing.
Anger* ; Education ; Humans ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the constipation of the elderly at nursing homes. METHODS: A total of 184 elders at 7 nursing homes in P City participated. Information about constipation status (Constipation Assessment Scale), functional status (Katz' Activities of Daily Living), nutritional status (Mini-Nutritional Assessment), and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea version) were collected through interviews. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and t-test were used to describe and compare the non constipation group and the constipation group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors affecting constipation status. RESULTS: The prevalence of constipation was 47.5% (Men 37%, women 51%). Elders suffering from a disease (P=.021) and having low sleep satisfaction (P=.000) were more likely to be constipated than those who did not. The factors affecting the constipation of the elderly at nursing homes were gender (OR=3.558), sleep satisfaction (OR=.580), and depressive symptoms (OR=1.132). CONCLUSION: According to the result, to reduce the constipation rate of old women at nursing homes, we have to develop guidelines that can solve problems related to constipation cause by sleep-satisfaction and depressive symptoms.
Aged* ; Constipation* ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Nursing Homes* ; Nutritional Status ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an environmental education program using newspaper articles in education (NIE) and to evaluate changes in concern and practice for environmental protection after NIE. METHODS: The design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were university students in nursing, of which 31 were assigned to the experimental group and 43 to the control group. The education was carried out for 2 hr, once a week for 7 weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 14 program, and included chi-square test, independent t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: NIE showed significant differences in the changes of attitude toward environment (F=4.461, p=.036). CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that this NIE in environmental education was effective in changing students' attitudes toward the environment. Therefore this NIE is recommended for inclusion in education for university students in nursing.
Adult ; Attitude ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; *Environmental Pollution ; Humans ; *Newspapers ; Students, Nursing/psychology

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare self-care behaviors and depressive symptoms between the young old (65-74 yr) and the old-old (75-84 yr) in low-income women with hypertension. METHODS: This study used a descriptive research design. The subjects of this study were 136 elderly women over 65 yr living in D city. Data was collected from September to December 2007 through personal interviews using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 Program. RESULTS: Self-care behaviors, functional status, and number of medications showed a significant difference between young elderly and middle elderly. There was a negative correlation between self-care behaviors and depressive symptoms. 52.2% of variance in self-care behaviors of young elderly and 76.8% of variance in self-care behaviors of middle elderly were explained by depressive symptoms, number of medications, and functional status. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to manage depressive symptoms to improve the self-care behaviors of low-income elderly with hypertension. Depressive symptoms need to be considered in planning hypertension programs for low-income elderly women.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; *Depression ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology/*psychology/therapy ; Interviews as Topic ; Questionnaires ; *Self Care ; Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors