Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and assess the experiences of cancer patients and their caregivers who had been admitted to comprehensive nursing care service wards. Methods: Data were collected from 10 patients and 10 caregivers by in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using content analysis of Downe-Wamboldt. Results: Three categories and seven subcategories were extracted. 1) Realizing institutional limitations of comprehensive nursing care service: ‘Wishing for precise operating systems based on patient severity,’ ‘Anticipating active caregiver participation in treatment process,’ ‘Requiring a countermeasure for safety accidents,’ 2) Professional nursing service which provides relief: ‘Patient-centered professional nursing service,’ ‘Inpatient service that provides relief for patients and caregivers,’ 3) Anticipating continuous use of the service: ‘Inpatient service which users are willing to reuse,’ ‘Wishing for expansion and reinforcement of the service.’ Conclusion Cancer patients and their caregivers experienced institutional limitations while satisfied with professional nursing service and willing to reuse the service. To improve this situation, institutional support such as separate wards for severe patients, measures for active caregiver participation and prevention of safety accidents, and adequate staffing would be helpful for relatively severe level cancer patients and their caregivers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and assess the experiences of cancer patients and their caregivers who had been admitted to comprehensive nursing care service wards. Methods: Data were collected from 10 patients and 10 caregivers by in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using content analysis of Downe-Wamboldt. Results: Three categories and seven subcategories were extracted. 1) Realizing institutional limitations of comprehensive nursing care service: ‘Wishing for precise operating systems based on patient severity,’ ‘Anticipating active caregiver participation in treatment process,’ ‘Requiring a countermeasure for safety accidents,’ 2) Professional nursing service which provides relief: ‘Patient-centered professional nursing service,’ ‘Inpatient service that provides relief for patients and caregivers,’ 3) Anticipating continuous use of the service: ‘Inpatient service which users are willing to reuse,’ ‘Wishing for expansion and reinforcement of the service.’ Conclusion Cancer patients and their caregivers experienced institutional limitations while satisfied with professional nursing service and willing to reuse the service. To improve this situation, institutional support such as separate wards for severe patients, measures for active caregiver participation and prevention of safety accidents, and adequate staffing would be helpful for relatively severe level cancer patients and their caregivers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and assess the experiences of cancer patients and their caregivers who had been admitted to comprehensive nursing care service wards. Methods: Data were collected from 10 patients and 10 caregivers by in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using content analysis of Downe-Wamboldt. Results: Three categories and seven subcategories were extracted. 1) Realizing institutional limitations of comprehensive nursing care service: ‘Wishing for precise operating systems based on patient severity,’ ‘Anticipating active caregiver participation in treatment process,’ ‘Requiring a countermeasure for safety accidents,’ 2) Professional nursing service which provides relief: ‘Patient-centered professional nursing service,’ ‘Inpatient service that provides relief for patients and caregivers,’ 3) Anticipating continuous use of the service: ‘Inpatient service which users are willing to reuse,’ ‘Wishing for expansion and reinforcement of the service.’ Conclusion Cancer patients and their caregivers experienced institutional limitations while satisfied with professional nursing service and willing to reuse the service. To improve this situation, institutional support such as separate wards for severe patients, measures for active caregiver participation and prevention of safety accidents, and adequate staffing would be helpful for relatively severe level cancer patients and their caregivers.

A 38-year-old male-to-female transgender patient who had undergone a transsexual operation 20 years earlier presented with right flank pain and chills. Abdominal CT scan and gastrografin colon enema revealed a right psoas abscess and an abnormal communication between the large bowel and this psoas abscess. She underwent a right hemicolectomy and was finally diagnosed as having a Klebsiella psoas abscess due to perforated diverticulitis and intestinal tuberculosis. Additional antibiotics and antituberculous medication were required. A secondary psoas abscess due to diverticulitis is rare, and to our knowledge, no case combined with intestinal tuberculosis has previously been reported. We present the case with a brief review of related reports.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chills ; Colon ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Diverticulitis ; Enema ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Psoas Abscess ; Tuberculosis

A 38-year-old male-to-female transgender patient who had undergone a transsexual operation 20 years earlier presented with right flank pain and chills. Abdominal CT scan and gastrografin colon enema revealed a right psoas abscess and an abnormal communication between the large bowel and this psoas abscess. She underwent a right hemicolectomy and was finally diagnosed as having a Klebsiella psoas abscess due to perforated diverticulitis and intestinal tuberculosis. Additional antibiotics and antituberculous medication were required. A secondary psoas abscess due to diverticulitis is rare, and to our knowledge, no case combined with intestinal tuberculosis has previously been reported. We present the case with a brief review of related reports.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chills ; Colon ; Diatrizoate Meglumine ; Diverticulitis ; Enema ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Psoas Abscess ; Tuberculosis

This study was conducted to reduce sodium (Na) intake and to establish healthy dietary lifestyles of children. To achieve these goals, we searched, collected, and analyzed the materials related to the Na education, based on which the research personnel-professors and graduate students in nutrition and child education and elementary school teachers discussed to figure out major topics, objectives, and detailed contents and activities appropriate for Na intake reduction. Also a survey was done on the sodium intake and nutrition knowledge of the elementary students. We also organized an advisory committee composed of 15 professionals in related fields to discuss the adequacy and validity of the specific contents. Finally, we systematically organized the contents and developed children's textbooks and teacher's guidebooks. Considering the different cognitive development stages of junior and senior elementary students, we developed two different textbooks for each of them which are easy to read and understand, fun to play with lots of activities, and designed to practice into daily life. The contents cover three major topics-the concept of Na, Na in food, Na in life and are composed of 6 units in total. To help teachers understand and instruct, teacher's guidebook contains an overview of the education, specific information and practical guidelines for each class. We developed these education materials with the aim of lowering children's Na consumption and eventually promoting their health welfare; hopefully we expect these materials would be useful for children's nutritional education in the field.
Advisory Committees ; Child ; Humans ; Life Style ; Sodium

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study is to assess the usefulness of immediate-cytospin Wright stain cytology with bladder tumor markers such as BTA and NMP22 in the screening and monitoring of bladder cancer. METHODS: We evaluated immediate-cytospin (cytospin 3, Shandon, UK) Wright stain and Papanicolau stain urinary cytology with the BTA stat (Bion Diagnostic Sciences, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA) and the NMP22 (Matritech, Newton, MA, USA) in 143 urine specimens for screening and monitoring of bladder cancer from September 2001 to May 2002. The cut-off decision level of NMP22 was determined by the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve and those above the cut-off were classified as positive. The Wright and PAP stained urinary cytology results were reviewed by two experts. Negative and atypia cytology results were classified as negative, and suspicions of malignancy and malignancy results were classified as positive. RESULTS: The ROC curve analysis for NMP22 demonstrated optimal sensitivity and specificity (81.8% and 83.8%, respectively) with the cut-off decision level 11.0 IU/mL. Sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, and false negative rate for the BTA stat were 62.5%, 92.9%, 47.4%, and 4.8%, respectively, and 81.8%, 83.8%, 55.0%, and 3.4%, respectively for the NMP22. Whereas, those values for immediate-cytospin Wright stain cytology were 90.9%, 98.4%, 16.7%, and 0.8%, respectively, showing a 100% concordance rate with Papanicolau stained cytology. The area under the ROC curve of the BTA stat, the NMP, and the immediate-cytospin Wright stain cytology was 0.78, 0.81, and 0.95, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate-cytospin Wright stain cytology was useful for the decrease in false positivity and false negativity for tumor markers such as the BTA stat and the NMP22 in screening and monitoring for bladder cancer.
Mass Screening* ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Pericardial Effusion*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the photodynamic therapeutic response of U-87 human glioma cell in vitro as well as in the nude rat xenograft model using photofrin as photosensitizer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: U-87 cells were cultured on 96-well culture plates, photofrin(Quadralogic Technologies Inc., Vancouver, Canada) was added into the cell culture medium at concentration of 1ng/ml, 2.5ng/ml, 5ng/ml, 10ng/ml and 20ng/ml. 24 hour after drug treatment, cells were treated with optical(632nm) irradiation of 100mJ/cm2, 200mJ/cm2 and 400mJ/cm2. Photofrin(12.5mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to 28 nude rats containing intracerebral U-87 human glioma as well as 26 normal nude rats. 48 hours after administration, animals were treated with optical irradiation(632nm) of 35J/cm2, 140J/cm2 and 280J/cm2 to exposed tumor and normal brain. The photofrin concen-tration was measured in tumor and normal brain in a separate population of animals. RESULTS: By MTT assay, there was 100% cytotoxicity at any dose of photofrin with optical irradiation of 200mJ/cm2 and 400mJ/cm2. But at the optical irradiation of 100mJ/cm2 cells were killed in dose dependent manner 28.5%, 49.1%, 54.4%, 78.2%, and 84.6% at concentration of 1ng/ml, 2.5ng/ml, 5ng/ml, 10ng/ml and 20ng/ml, respectively. Dose dependent PDT lesions in both tumor and normal brain were observed. In the tumor lesion, only superficial tissue damage was found with optical irradiation of 35J/cm2. However, in the optical irradiation group of 140J/cm2 and 280J/cm2 the volume of lesions was measured of 7.2mm3 and 14.0mm3 for treatment at 140J/cm2 and 280J/cm2, respectively. The U-87 bearing rats showed a photofrin concentration in tumor tissue of 6.53+/-2.16ng/g, 23 times higher than that found in the contralateral hemisphere of 0.28+/-0.15ng/g. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the U-87 human glioma in vitro and in the xenografted rats is responsive to PDT. At these doses, a reproducible injury can be delivered to human glioma in this model. Strategies to spare the normal brain collateral damage are being studied.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Dihematoporphyrin Ether* ; Glioma* ; Heterografts ; Humans* ; Photochemotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Nude

OBJECTIVES: For Parkinsonian patients who had not reacted favorably on drug therapy are good candidate for ventroposterolateral pallidotomy, although not curative. We studied these patients after unilateral pallidotomy, to confirm the effectiveness and safety of this procedure. METHODS: We evaluated the 17 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's diesease who had undergone unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy. All patients responded to levodopa initially. Mean age was 55 years(38-75years), and mean duration of disease was 9.8 years(3-20years). Pre-and postoperative evaluation at 3 month intervals included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scale(UPDRS) scoring, Hoehn and Yahr(H and Y) staging, and neuropsychological examinations. RESULTS: Pallidotomy significantly improved parkinsonian symptom(tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, sensory symptom). Nine of 10 patients who showed dyskinesia preoperatively significant improvement. The mean dose of levodopa in 9 patients was lowered. The mean H and Y score and UPDRS score were improved in on and/or off time in 15 patients. Among patients who were not improved, one patient worsened, and the others showed no change. The mean overall UPDRS off score changed from 76 preoperatively to 44(33%) at 6 months and from 70 to 52(25%) at 1 year. Transient surgical morbidity was showen in four patients and included dysarthria, hypotonia and confusion. CONCLUSION: We conclude that pallidotomy is safe and effective in patients who have levodopa-reponsive parkinsonism with severe symptom fluctuation. Unilateral pallidotomy also considered helpful to ipsilateral symptom. Unilateral pallidotomy can improve all of parkinsonian's symptom and allow to reduce the levodopa medication. Most of patients show satisfactory results.
Drug Therapy ; Dysarthria ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Levodopa ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Pallidotomy* ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders