The coastal marine ecosystems of Vietnam are one of the global biodiversity hotspots, but the biodiversity of marine fungi is not well known. To fill this major gap of knowledge, we assessed the genetic diversity (ITS sequence) of 75 fungal strains isolated from 11 surface coastal marine and deeper waters in Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay using a culturedependent approach and 5 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) of fungi in three representative sampling sites using next-generation sequencing. The results from both approaches shared similar fungal taxonomy to the most abundant phylum (Ascomycota), genera (Candida and Aspergillus) and species (Candida blankii) but were different at less common taxa. Culturable fungal strains in this study belong to 3 phyla, 5 subdivisions, 7 classes, 12 orders, 17 families, 22 genera and at least 40 species, of which 29 species have been identified and several species are likely novel. Among identified species, 12 and 28 are new records in global and Vietnamese marine areas, respectively. The analysis of enzyme activity and the checklist of trophic mode and guild assignment provided valuable additional biological information and suggested the ecological function of planktonic fungi in the marine food web. This is the largest dataset of marine fungal biodiversity on morphology, phylogeny and enzyme activity in the tropical coastal ecosystems of Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Biogeographic aspects, ecological factors and human impact may structure mycoplankton communities in such aquatic habitats.

Study of 330 samples of smokers selected from smoking population living in Da Nang city. This was a cross-sectional study. Result: The mean age of smokers was 20.5+/-13.5 years old and each consumed 13.1+/-7.7 cigarettes per day. The harms of tobacco on health of the smoker’s health included 61.8% of pneumonia, 30.1% of bronchitis, 17.9% of chronic lung diseases, 2.8% of ARI, 31.0% of lung cancers, 17.6% of cardiovascular diseases, and 14.4% of neurological disorders. Main sources of information providing to smokers with the knowledge of tobacco's harms from broadcasting and television and warning on the package was very limited.
Smoking ; Health ; Knowledge

The study described the concern, perception, the health warning design that impressed women in Da Nang city. Study subjects were 330 women aged from 20 to 49 living in family of the smokers enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The results showed that 81. 7% women in Da Nang city were interested in the health warning; 98.2% women believed in the content of the health warning that cigarettes are harmful to the health; and 93.3% women thought the health warning reflected the evidence of the cigarette smoking. 62% women thought that the health warning strongly impressed the community; the content of the health warning reflected accurate harms of smoking, and the design of health warning should be printed bigger (73.9%) and should be on main sides of the package (47.2%). 18.7% of them thought that health warning should be changed periodically and recommended that the time for changing should be once a year.
Smoking ; Women, Health

Study 789 people who live in Le Chan district, Hai Phong city in which from 15 to 19 year old: 15%; 20-24 years: 14.7%; 25-44 years: 34.0%; 45-64 year old: 31.6% and over 65 years: 4.8% and the average age is 36.62 + 15.1. The tobacco smoking rate: 40.6% in the study (male: 72.1%, female: 4.3%). The average time of smoking: 13.5 ± 9.4 years and for 10 years or more: 61.1% (male:13.9 ± 9.3 years, female: 5.7 ± 7.8 years). Among total of 324 people has smoked and has been smoking, from half to one packet/day: 65.6%, from 5-9 cigarretes per day: 23.5%, smoke over 20 cigarretes per day and under 3 cigarretes per day: 1.9%. The average cigarretes smoked by one person is 11.66 ± 6.14.
Smoking ; Epidemiology

A study on nurses and technicians who working at the clinical and para-clinical departments in the Medical Center of Thanh Oai District in 2005. In the clinical department, time spent for measuring pulse, temperature and blood pressure is 10 minutes/patient/day and for intravenous injection and following up are 20 minutes/patient. Time spent for changing bandage and taking out stitches in surgical patient is 15 minutes/patient and time for a labor delivery is 2 hours/pregnant woman. Time spent for hematological and biological tests is 5 minute/specimen and for microbiological and parasite tests is 10minutes/specimen. Daily meeting of department for nurses, technicians and midwives is 15minutes/day, total cleaning in department is 1 hour/week.
Medical staff ; Nurses

A study on 816 underage children from 13-19 years old who live with other smoker in the same family in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh city in 2004. The result showed that: 56.5% male in the study, 80.5% at the age of school, 19.5% leave school. 9.2% among the total are currently smokers. The duration from 7- 12 month: 52.0%; less than 6 months: 28%; over 1 year: 20%. 38.7% underage smoke from 10 to 20 cigarettes per day. The average cigarettes of underage are 7.1± 4.1 cigarettes/day and for average duration 13.25± 10.77 months.
Smoking ; Child ; Epidemiology

Study on 764 households with 3000 participants at Tam Hung and Tan Uoc communes, Thanh Oai district, Ha Tay province. The common disease patterns at these communes lasted for 4 weeks included cough and fever (2.5%), simple fever (2.0%), rheumatic arthritis (2.7%), influenza (1.4%), stomachache (1.2%), neural pains (1.2%), ENT (0.8%), asthma (0.8%), bronchitis (0.7%), diarrhea (0.7%), hypertension (0.4%), etc. 61.5% patients didn’t treat or bought drugs for treatment themselves, only 24.2% of patients used health services at commune health stations. The main reasons of not use health services at commune health stations were mild diseases (51.7%) and not enough time (12.4%). The main reasons for using health services at commune health stations were having medical doctors (60.9%) and available drugs (21.9%).
Delivery of Health Care ; Disease ; Health Facilities

An epidemiologic, descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in 216 cadres of Hoan Kiem Industry and Commercial Bank in Hanoi who have regularly check ups at Yersin General Clinic, 98 Hang Buom Street, Hanoi. The results showed that: the banking staff with seniority of 16 - 20 years and 26 - 30 years have risk of lumbar vertebra degeneracy higher than those with seniority ≤5 years (p<0.05). There is no relations between seniority and the risk of internal medicine and eye diseases (p>0.05). No relations has been found between working position and disease status of cadres of Hoan Kiem Industry and Commerce Bank (p>0.05).
Health ; Epidemiology

The study was performed on 326 adolescent from 12 to 19 years old in Da Nang city in 2004. Results: The percentage of adolescent had knowledge on harm of smoking on health was high (99.7%), especially harm of smoking on respiratory system and lung cancer. The percentage of adolescent understood harm of passive smoking including acute respiratory tract infection in children and bronchitis in women was very high (99.1%). The sources of information that the adolescent get knowledge on harm of smoking were television (94.5%), newspaper (29.8%), warnings on packet of cigarettes only accounted for 4.95%.
Smoking ; Adolescent ; Knowledge

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 915 women living together with smokers in Ha Noi city, Da Nang city and Ha Nam province in 2004. There was relationship between occupation and knowledge on cigarette harmful effects on health and belief in warning in pack of cigarettes. Housewifes knew more clearly on effect of cigaretes than traders. Farmers had more belief on warnings in pack of cigarettes than trader did. Health related to belief in warnings in pack of cigarettes. Normal people had more belief on warnings in pack of cigarettes than healthy people. There was no relationship between age, health and knowledge on harmful effects of cigaretes on health
Smoking ; Women ; Knowledge ; Epidemiology