Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS)(OMIM#606232) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 22q13 involving a variety of clinical features with considerably heterogeneous degrees of severity. This syndrome is characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, absent or severely delayed speech, minor dysmorphic features and autism spectrum disorder. PMS is easy to be misdiagnosed due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations. SHANK3 has been identified as the critical candidate gene for the neurological features of this syndrome. However, some studies have shown that other genes located in the 22q13 region may have a role in the formation of symptoms in individuals with PMS. This article provides a review for recent progress made in research on PMS including etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment, with a particular emphasis on clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics* ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Humans ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics*