Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

AIM: To observe the efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation in the treatment of high myopia with cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 82 cases(82 eyes)of high myopia complicated with cataract who admitted to the cataract department of our hospital from December 2021 to April 2023 were selected as study objects, and they were divided into control group(n=39)and combination group(n=43)according to whether or not the capsular tension ring was used intraoperatively. Patients in the control group were treated with intraocular lens implantation alone, and those in the combination group were treated with phacoemulsification combined with capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation. The preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity, central anterior chamber depth, trabecular ciliary process, visual quality and complications were compared.RESULTS: At 1 mo after surgery, the best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR)of both groups increased significantly(combination group: 0.64±0.28 vs 0.12±0.14; control group: 0.62±0.26 vs 0.23±0.25, both P<0.001). Central anterior chamber depth in both groups were higher than those before surgery(combination group: 2.57±0.56 vs 1.97±0.40 mm; control group: 2.22±0.45 vs 1.89±0.37 mm; both P<0.001), and the best corrected visual acuity and central anterior chamber depth of the combination group were significantly better than those of the control group(both P<0.05). The distance of trabecular ciliary process showed no statistical significance(combination group: 0.68±0.22 vs 0.74±0.20 mm; control group: 0.74±0.19 vs 0.78±0.17 mm, both P>0.05). The visual quality scores of the combination group were all higher than the control group at 1 mo after surgery [watching TV: 3.00±0.38 vs 2.22±0.46 points; reading books: 2.85±0.42 vs 2.21±0.44 points; night vision: 2.71±0.34 vs 2.37±0.41 points; fine operation: 2.82±0.38 vs 2.33±0.40 points, all P<0.001]. The incidence of complication in the combination group was significantly lower than that of the control group(33% vs 14%, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation can effectively promote the recovery of visual function, improve the structure of chamber angle, and reduce the incidence of complications in the treatment of patients with high myopia and cataract.

Liver cancer is one of the most threatening diseases to the human body,and most patients are already in the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis,resulting in an extremely high mortality rate.The diagnosis and treatment of early-stage liver cancer is the key to improving the prognosis of patients.Medical imaging is an important method that assists in the diagnosis of liver cancer,and currently,intelligent image recognition technology based on medical imaging data has been widely applied in the field of medical diagnosis and has good application prospects.This article reviews the current status of research on artificial intelligence(AI)methods for the diagnosis of focal liver lesions based on liver medical images and proposes the advantages and shortcomings of current AI diagnosis,so as to provide new research ideas for the intelligent diagnosis of liver cancer in the future.

The aim of this study was to prepare a high drug-carrying capacity micellar drug delivery system(CTD@Sol)of the polymer zebra tetracycline and to preliminarily investigate the feasibility of this drug delivery system for the treatment of breast cancer.Firstly,CTD@Sol was prepared using sol as the carrier material and CTD as the model drug,and its pharmacological properties such as appearance and morphology,particle size,potential and in vitro release were evaluated.The growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of CTD@Sol on breast cancer(4T1)cells were investigated by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay;the uptake efficiency of 4T1 to this delivery system was investigated by flow cytometry;and the in vivo tissue distribution of the delivery system and the targeting of tumour tissues were investigated by small animal in vivo imaging technique.The results showed that CTD@Sol appeared as a light pale blue creamy white colour,with an average particle size of(159.73±1.96)nm,a PDI of 0.198±0.006,Zeta potential of-(47.60±1.77)mV,an encapsulation rate of(90.29±1.69)%and a drug loading capacity of(45.00±0.84)%;the in vitro release and haemolysis experiments showed that the drug release rate of CTD@Sol in acidic environment(pH 5.5)was significantly faster than that in neutral environment(pH 7.4),suggesting that the system is acid-sensitive and has good biosafety under endocytosed pH conditions.Cellular uptake,cytotoxicity and apoptosis experiments showed that CTD@Sol was more lethal to 4T1 cells,and the sol-gel polymer micelles as a drug delivery vehicle could significantly improve the cellular uptake efficiency of the drug;in vivo experiments showed that the delivery system had a significant targeting effect on tumour tissues.In conclusion,this study has successfully produced a CTD@Sol drug delivery system with high drug loading capacity(>45%),good pharmacological performance,strong targeting and biosafety,which has the potential to be used in the treatment of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the stability of pouch in patients with high myopia cataract after phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with capsular tension ring(CTR)implantation.Methods A total of 80 patients with high myopia complicated with cataract(80 eyes)were included and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group received phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with CTR implantation,while the control group was not combined with CTR implantation,and the other interventions were completely consistent.The naked eye visual acuity(UCVA),best corrected distant visual acuity(BCVA),corneal biomechanics,contrast sensitivity,intraocular lens inclination and anterior capsular opening area were compared between the two groups at 1,3 and 6 months after surgery.The incidence of late cataract(PCO)was measured 6 months after surgery.Results UCVA and BCVA were improved at 1,3 and 6 months after operation.There were no significant differences in postoperative corneal biomechanical parameters ARTh and SP-A between the two groups of patients(P＞0.05).The Corvis biomechanical index(CBI)of the experimental group was significantly higher 3 months after surgery than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and there were no significant differences at other time points between the 2 groups.There was no significant difference in contrast sensitivity at each time point after surgery between the experimental group and the control group(P＞0.05).At 3 and 6 months after operation,the anterior capsule opening area was increased in the experimental group,and IOL inclination angle was decreased compared with the control group(P＜0.05).At 6 months after operation,no PCO occurred in 38 eyes and PCO grade Ⅰ in 2 eyes.No PCO occurred in 35 eyes in the control group,3 eyes in grade Ⅰ,2 eyes in grade Ⅱ and 2 eyes in grade Ⅲ.Conclusion Phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with CTR implantation has higher stability,long-term clinical effect and visual quality in patients with high myopia cataract,and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To predict the gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs using healthy murine colon organoids.It aimed to identify safer alternative treatments for patients intolerant to certain chemotherapy regimens and demonstrate the potential clinical ap-plications of organoids in predicting gastrointestinal side effects.Methods:Healthy mouse colonic crypt cells were cultured in 3D.Paraffin sections of colon tissues and organoids were subsequently prepared,followed by haematoxylin and eosinand immunohistochemical staining(CDX2,Ki67,and CK19).The colonic organoids were treated with five chemotherapeutic drugs,and cell activity was assessed to determine their intestinal toxicity.The consistency of the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects observed in this study and in clinical practice were analyzed by comparing the results to the published literature.Results:The histological characteristics of the colon organoids were highly consistent with those of the original colon tissues.The tolerance of normal colon organoids to different chemotherapeutic drugs was vari-able.Capecitabine had the least cytotoxic effect on mouse colon organoids,whereas paclitaxel liposomes showed the strongest cytotoxic ef-fect when IC50 was the only consideration.Considering clinical drug concentrations,a significant difference was observed in the organoid in-hibition rates between albumin paclitaxel and liposomal paclitaxel.Statistical analysis of clinical trial data showed that the incidence of gradeⅢ/Ⅳ diarrhea caused by albumin paclitaxel,epirubicin,capecitabine,and cyclophosphamide was consistent with the corresponding or-ganoid inhibition rates.Conclusions:Combining clinical drug doses,we recommend prioritizing albumin paclitaxel and avoiding the use of liposomal paclitaxel to improve chemotherapy tolerance.This study demonstrates that normal colon organoids can effectively predict the occurrence of severe diarrhea associated with most chemotherapeutic drugs.

Objective:To establish a composite functional evaluation system to study the clinical efficacy of single plate and double plate internal fixation in the treatment of C3 distal radius fractures in the elderly.Methods:62 elderly patients (≥ 60 years old) with type C3 distal radius fractures who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology from September 2018 to August 2021 were retrospectively selected and divided into two groups according to the surgical methods: bilateral plate internal fixation treatment group (double plate group) and unilateral plate internal fixation treatment group (single plate group); The preoperative anatomical angle, wrist mobility (flexion and extension) and radius shortening of the two groups were recorded. The anatomical angle, wrist mobility (flexion and extension), clinical Gartland-Werley, DASH Score for Upper Limb Function (DASH) , Wrist Joint Cooney Score and clinical healing time at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months after operation were followed up. A composite evaluation table was established to comprehensively evaluate the postoperative recovery of patients in the two group.Results:There was no significant difference in anatomical indexes of radius between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). All anatomical angles and wrist range of motion were within the normal range after operation, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups in each anatomical index of radius within 3 and 6 months after operation (all P>0.05). However, the palmar inclination, ulnar deviation, wrist flexion and dorsiflexion mobility of the double plate group were relatively stable at 9 and 12 months after operation, which were better than those of the single plate group (all P<0.05). The palmar inclination and ulnar deviation of the single plate group increased with time. After operation, the radius shortening of the two groups recovered significantly, and the radius length of the double plate group was maintained better than those of the single plate group for 9 and 12 months (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of the two groups within 3 and 6 months after operation (all P>0.05), but the Gartland Werley score, DASH score and Cooney wrist score of the double plate group were significantly better than those of the single plate group at 9 and 12 months after operation (all P<0.05). The clinical healing time of single plate treatment was (14.51±0.88)weeks, the longest was 108 days, while that of double plate treatment was (12.03±1.77)weeks, the longest was 129 days, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the final composite evaluation results ( P>0.05), but the total score of the double plate group was smaller than that of the single plate group, with a difference of 39.67 points, indicating that the double plate group still had certain advantages in various scores. Conclusions:According to the composite evaluation system, both single plate and double plate treatment of C3 distal radius fractures in the elderly can achieve satisfactory results. Double plate fixation of distal radius fractures still has a certain significance in maintaining joint stability and improving joint mobility.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of one-stage modified capsular tension ring (MCTR) scleral fixation and second-stage capsular tension ring (CTR) capsular bag complex scleral fixation in the treatment of moderate and severe subluxation of lens.Methods Retrospective study.Thirty cases (43 eyes) of patients with moderate and severe subluxation of lens from January 2012 to December 2015 were collected.Those patients were treated with phacoemulsification cataract extraction and MCTR or CTR and IOL intracapsular implantation under local anesthesia.23 eyes in group A were treated with MCTR combined with IOL implantation and one-stage scleral fixation.20 eyes in group B were treated with one-phase CTR combined with IOL implantation and second-stage of CTR-capsular bag complex scleral fixation after 3 to 6 months.The best corrected visual acuity,location of the postoperative capsular bag complex and complication were observed at 6 months after surgery.Results Postoperative 6-month,the best corrected visual acuity ≥0.6 were in 87％,95％ of the patients m group B,and there was no statistical significance difference (P ＞ 0.05).All CTR and IOL were located in the capsular bag after surgery.Two eyes in group A and 1 eye in group B were observed with moderate contraction and off-center of capsular bag,there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).All groups achieved response after YAG laser anterior capsule relaxing incisions.Early complications of postoperative (1 month):3 eyes in group A and 1 eye in group B were observed with exudative membrane in anterior chamber;5 eyes in group A and 2 eyes in group B were with transient high intraocular pressure,and there was no significant difference (all P ＞ 0.05).Long-term complications of postoperative (6 months):3 eyes in group A and 1 eye in group B were observed with after cataract,and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).All groups conducted YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.Conclusion The location stability of the capsular complex after one-stage MCTR scleral fixation or secondstage CTR capsular bag sclera fixation is good.And the treatment is effective for moderate and severe lens dislocation.

Objective To analyze of the effect of artificial lengthening femoral head replacement in elderly patients with stage Ⅰ of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods 203 patients with stage Ⅰ of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture were selected as the research object,and they were taken artificial lengthening femoral head replacement,among which 65caese were male,female in 138 cases.The Harris scoring,SF-36,VAS pain scores on admission,2 weeks after operation,postoperative follow-up limb were counted,and the pain of the affected limb and the hip scores were compared amond 3 time periods.Results All 203 cases of senile patients with follow-up,average operation time was 83.64 minutes,the intraoperative blood loss was 355.41mL.The curative effect was evaluated according to the Harris score,SF-36 and VAS pain scoring criteria,and the Harris scores of the affected limbs at admission,at 2 weeks after the operation and after the follow-up were (28.26 ± 5.50) points,(68.26 ±5.50) points,(93.13 ± 5.31) points,respectively,the differences were statistically significant (t =-71.27,-1 397.55,-46.07,all P ＜ 0.01);The VAS pain scores were (8.19 ± 0.48) points,(3.53 ± 0.71) points,(0.23 ± 0.42) points,respectively,the differences were statistically significant (t =88.06,324.17,60.84,all P ＜ 0.01).The sf-36 scores:physiological [(8.35 ± 1.24) points,(15.23 ± 2.17) points,(19.21 ± 2.12) points],social/family [(7.01 ±1.13) points,(14.12 ± 2.12) points,(19.85 ± 2.24) points],emotional [(4.83 ± 1.01) points,(10.12 ±1.22)points,(14.87 ± 1.32) points],function [(6.35 ± 1.21) points,(13.67 ± 1.87) points,(16.81 ±2.12) points],additional focus [(8.85 ± 1.45) points,(16.38 ± 2.12) points,(20.21 ± 2.42) points],total quality of life [(47.35 ± 4.76) points,(74.69 ± 5.87) points,(89.21 ± 6.12) points],the differences were statistically significant(-39.77,-62.92,-20.21,-44.87,-71.89,-26.79,-45.04,-89.01,-38.25,-45.79,-63.41,-15.29,-45.20,-60.39,-17.54,-52.12,-76.49,-22.58,all P＜0.O1).Conclusion Artificial lengthening femoral head replacement in elderly patients with stage Ⅰ of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture has good clinical effect,intraoperative high safety,less postoperative complications,postoperative limb functional recovery is good,and it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Background and purpose: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in the regulation of cell metabolism and energy balance and is associated with cell proliferation, survival and multiple signaling pathways. Recent reports found that AMPK is involved in tumor suppression and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of AMPK on the anti-tumor effect of adriamycin and underlying mechanism in breast cancer MCF-7/adr cells. Methods:The anti-proliferative effects of adriamycin was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay in MCF-7/adr, MCF-7/adr-vector and MCF-7/adr-AMPKαcells. The cell morphology in each group was stained with the lfuorescent dye Hoechst 33528, and the effects on apoptosis induction were examined by lfow cytometry (FCM). The intracellular concentration of adriamycin was detected by lfuorescence assay. The resis-tance-and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Results:The growth of breast cancer MCF-7/adr cells was inhibited by adriamycin in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values at 24 and 48 h were (36.8±2.1) and (28.8±1.3) μg/mL, respectively. AMPKαover-expression enhanced the cytotoxic effect of adriamycin in MCF-7/adr-AMPKαcells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Its IC50 values at 24 and 48 h were (16.0±0.7) and (4.2±0.2) μg/mL, respectively. Fluorescent morphological assay showed that AMPKαoverexpression contributed to adriamycin induced apoptosis in MCF-7/adr-AMPKαcells. After treatment with 1.0 μg/mL adriamycin for 48 h, the apoptosis rates of MCF-7/adr, MCF-7/adr-vector and MCF-7/adr-AMPKα cells were (12.0±1.4)%, (12.7±1.6)% and (32.0±4.2)%, respectively, indicating that overexpression of AMPKα enhanced the adriamycin-induced apoptosis in MCF-7/adr cells. Fluorescence microplate assay showed that over expression of AMPKαsigniifcantly increased the intracellular accumulation of adriamycin, in a concentration dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that, compared with MCF-7/adr and MCF-7/adr-vector cells, the expressions of Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved PARP proteins were increased. Meanwhile, Bcl-2 and P-gp protein expressions were decreased in MCF-7/adr-AMPKαcells. Furthermore, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol was also observed in MCF-7/adr-AMPKαcells. Conclusion:AMP-Kαoverexpression can enhance the chemosensitivity of breast cancer MCF-7/adr cells to adriamycin through inhibiting the drug effux transporter and regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.