Objective：Independent walking is crucial for critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients to return home. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with severe COVID-19 who could walk independently upon discharge.Methods：This study included 26 patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to our ICU between April 2020 and September 2023. Patient background, ICU progress, and outcome-related events were compared between the independent and dependent groups.Results：Compared to the dependent group, the independent group had a lower pre-admission clinical frailty scale score (2.0 [2.0-2.5] vs. 3.0 [2.5-3.0]) and shorter time to start standing (seven days [6-9] vs. 13 days [11-17]) and walking (10 days [8-11] vs. 20 days [13-50]). Functional status scores in the ICU (28±5. vs. 12±9) and ICU mobility scale (8 [8-10] vs. 5 [3-7]) were higher upon ICU discharge, while the duration of ventilator management (seven [4-9] vs. nine [8-18] days) and ICU length of stay (10 [10-14] vs. 17 [15-23] days) were shorter. They had fewer complications (two [18.2％] vs. 12 [80.0％]) and higher return-to-home rates (10 [90.9％] vs. two [13.3％]).Conclusion：Patients with severe COVID-19 who walked independently upon discharge had lower pre-admission frailty, fewer complications, shorter ventilator management duration, early mobilization, higher physical activity upon ICU discharge, shorter ICU stay, and higher return-to-home rates.

Objective：Independent walking is crucial for critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients to return home. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with severe COVID-19 who could walk independently upon discharge.Methods：This study included 26 patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to our ICU between April 2020 and September 2023. Patient background, ICU progress, and outcome-related events were compared between the independent and dependent groups.Results：Compared to the dependent group, the independent group had a lower pre-admission clinical frailty scale score (2.0 [2.0-2.5] vs. 3.0 [2.5-3.0]) and shorter time to start standing (7 days [6-9] vs. 13 days [11-17]) and walking (10 days [8-11] vs. 20 days [13-50]). Functional status scores in the ICU (28±5. vs. 12±9) and ICU mobility scale (8 [8-10] vs. 4 [3-7]) were higher upon ICU discharge, while the duration of ventilator management (7 [4-9] vs. 9 [8-19] days) and ICU length of stay (10 [10-14] vs. 17 [15-23] days) were shorter. They had fewer complications (2 [18.2％] vs. 12 [80.0％]) and higher return-to-home rates (10 [90.9％] vs. 2 [13.3％]).Conclusion：Patients with severe COVID-19 who walked independently upon discharge had lower pre-admission frailty, fewer complications, shorter ventilator management duration, early mobilization, higher physical activity upon ICU discharge, shorter ICU stay, and higher return-to-home rates.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between preoperative total spinal sagittal alignment and the early onset of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in patients with normal sagittal spinal alignment. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Postoperative early-onset ASD is one of the complications after L4–L5 PLIF, a common surgical procedure for lumbar degenerative disease in patents without severe sagittal imbalance. A better understanding of the preoperative characteristics of total spinal sagittal alignment associated with early-onset ASD could help prevent the condition. METHODS: The study included 70 consecutive patients diagnosed with lumbar degenerative disease who underwent single-level L4–L5 PLIF between 2011 and 2015. They were divided into two groups based on the radiographic progression of L3–L4 degeneration after 1-year follow-up: the ASD and the non-ASD (NASD) group. The following radiographic parameters were preoperatively and postoperatively measured: sagittal vertebral axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence (PI). RESULTS: Eight of the 70 patients (11%) experienced ASD after PLIF (three males and five females; age, 64.4±7.7 years). The NASD group comprised 20 males and 42 females (age, 67.7±9.3 years). Six patients of the ASD group showed decreased L3–L4 disc height, one had L3–L4 local kyphosis, and one showed both changes. Preoperative SVA, PI, and TK were significantly smaller in the ASD group than in the NASD group (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A preoperative small SVA and TK with small PI were the characteristic alignments for the risk of early-onset ASD in patients without preoperative severe sagittal spinal imbalance undergoing L4–L5 single-level PLIF.
Animals ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Male ; Retrospective Studies