The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

Houpo Sanwutang， included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （Second Batch）， was first recorded in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber written by ZHANG Zhongjing from the Eastern Han dynasty and was modified by successive generations of medical experts. A total of 37 pieces of effective data involving 37 ancient Chinese medical books were retrieved from different databases. Through literature mining， statistical analysis， and data processing， combined with modern articles， this study employed bibliometrics to investigate the historical origin， composition， decoction methods， clinical application， and other key information. The results showed that the medicinal origin of Houpo Sanwutang was clearly documented in classic books. Based on the conversion of the measurements from the Han Dynasty， it is recommended that 110.4 g Magnolia Officinalis Cortex， 55.2 g Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， and 72 g Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be taken. Magnolia Officinalis Cortex and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be decocted with 2 400 mL water first， and 1 000 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. Following this， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma should be added for further decoction， and then 600 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. A single dose of administration is 200 mL， and the medication can be stopped when patients restore smooth bowel movement. Houpo Sanwutang has the effect of moving Qi， relieving stuffiness and fullness， removing food stagnation， and regulating bowels. It can be used in treating abdominal distending pain， guarding， constipation， and other diseases with the pathogenesis of stagnated heat and stagnated Qi in the stomach. The above results provide reference for the future development and research of Houpo Sanwutang.

Daochisan is a pediatric famous classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） specializing in clearing the heart， disinhibiting water and enriching Yin， which has been inherited and developed by medical experts of successive generations. The formula can be traced back to Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi from Song dynasty， and most of the later-developed Daochisan（Daochitang） is based on this formula with additions and subtractions. So as to promote the literature excavation of this formula， this paper conducts a thorough textual research and analysis of the composition， processing， preparation methods， clinical applications of Daochisan based on a systematic collation of relevant ancient and modern literature in the method of bibliometrics. A total of 127 pieces of data involving 86 antient TCM books were collected. Statistical analysis showed that the drug origin of Daochisan is basically clear， we suggest that Rehmanniae Radix is the root tuber of Rehmannia glutinosa of Scrophulariaceae， Akebiae Caulis is the dry stem of Akebia quinata of Lardizabalaceae， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dry root and stem of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of legume， bamboo leaf is the dry leaves of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis of gramineous plants. Four herbs are recommended to use its raw products. The key information of the dosage and decocting method is supposed to be "4.13 g each of raw Rehmanniae Radix， raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Akebiae Caulis， adding 300 mL of water， and then adding 4.13 g of bamboo leaf， decocting together to 150 mL， taking warmly after meal". Daochisan has the effect of clearing the heart and enriching Yin， disinhibiting water and relieving stranguria， and is widely used in treating symptoms such as heart vexed hotness， hydrodipsia and reddish complexion. Modern studies have showed that Daochisan are frequently used in treating oral ulcer， herpetic stomatitis， urinary tract infection， herpes zoster and other diseases. The above research results can provide scientific reference for the future development and research of Daochisan.

Objective:To study the effects of intervention of Jiawei Tongmai Huazhi Decoction in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway on apoptosis of lesion cells in mice with adenomyosis (AM); To discuss its mechanism of action.Methods:The AM mouse model was established using tamoxifen. The mice were divided into model group, Jiawei Tongmai Huazhi Decoction group, and progesterone group according to random number table method, with 7 mice in each group. Additionally, a blank group of 7 female mice was set up. Jiawei Tongmai Huazhi Decoction group received oral administration of Jiawei Tongmai Huazhi Decoction at a dosage of 36.51 g/kg/day, once daily. The progesterone group received oral administration of progesterone at a dose of 0.32 mg/kg twice a week. The blank group and model group received oral administration of the same volume of physiological saline once daily. After 2 months of intervention, the morphology of uterine tissues was observed by HE staining. The levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and prolactin (PRL) in the serum were measured by ELISA. The mRNA levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin in uterine tissues were determined by PCR. The protein expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, Bax, and Bcl-2 in uterine tissues were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the levels of serum CA125 and PRL were reduced in the Jiawei Tongmai Huazhi Decoction group ( P<0.05). The protein expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and Bcl-2 were also reduced ( P<0.05), the protein expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and Bcl-2 decreased ( P<0.05), while the protein expressions of Bax increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Jiawei Tongmai Huazhi Decoction alleviates the progression of lesions by reducing serum CA125 and PRL levels in AM model mice, and can down-regulate Bcl-2 expression and up-regulate Bax expression, promoting apoptosis of ectopic lesion cells in mice. Its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway related expression proteins.

Objective:To explore the latent classes of health behavior and explore the predictive factors among stroke patients.Methods:A total of 1 250 participants were recruited using cluster random sampling in September 2022. The general information, the modified Rankin scale(mRS), stroke prevention knowledge questionnaire(SPKQ), health behavior scale for stroke patients (HBS-SP), and short form-health belief model scale (SF-HBMS) were administered in the cross-sectional survey. Mplus 8.3 software was used to conduct a latent class analysis (LCA) on the health behavior of stroke patients, and SPSS 27.0 software was used to carry out multinomial Logistic regression to analyze the predictive factors of different latent classes of health behavior of stroke patients.Results:The health behavior of stroke patients obtained three latent classes: low health behaviors-lack of health responsibility group (66.9%, n=794), moderate health behaviors-poor compliance group (11.9%, n=141), and good health behaviors-insufficient exercise group (21.2%, n=251). Compared with good health behaviors-insufficient exercise group, stroke patients with shorter duration education time ( B=-0.589, OR=0.555, P=0.036), hemorrhagic stroke ( B=0.082, OR=1.086, P<0.001), fewer comorbidities ( B=-0.022, OR=0.978, P=0.026), higher mRS score ( B=-0.046, OR=1.047, P=0.004), lower SPKQ score ( B=-0.055, OR=0.947, P=0.016), and lower SF-HBMS score ( B=-0.085, OR=0.919, P<0.001) were more likely to be included in moderate health behaviors-poor compliance group. However, stroke patients with shorter duration education time ( B=-0.026, OR=0.974, P=0.003), rural areas dwelling ( B=0.800, OR=2.225, P=0.004), fewer comorbidities ( B=-0.056, OR=0.945, P<0.001), lower SPKQ score ( B=-0.101, OR=0.904, P<0.001), and lower SF-HBMS score ( B=-0.071, OR=0.931, P<0.001) were more likely to be included in low health behaviors-lack of health responsibility group. Conclusion:The health behavior of stroke patients has three latent classes. A targeted intervention should be carried out according to the characteristics of different classes to improve their health behavior levels.

ObjectiveBased on non-targeted metabolomics， to analyze the regulation of endogenous differential metabolites in serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） rats by Fuling Yunhua granules， and to clarify the metabolic pathways through which this granules exerted its effect on improving T2DM. MethodSeventy SD rats， half male and half female， were randomly divided into the control group， model group， and high， medium， low dose groups of Fuling Yunhua granules（20.70， 10.35， 5.18 g·kg^-1 in raw drug amount） and the positive drug group（pioglitazone hydrochloride tablets， 8.1 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the control group， other groups were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ） to establish a T2DM rat model. After successful modeling， the treatment groups were administered the corresponding drugs by gavage， and the control group and model group were treated with an equal volume of saline by gavage， once/d， for 28 d. Fasting blood glucose（FBG） and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c（GHbA1c） levels were measured in all groups of rats during the administration period， and hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes in the pancreatic tissues of rats at the end of the administration period. The endogenous metabolite levels in rat serum were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS）， and the data were processed using principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）. Differential metabolites were identified by the Human Metabolome Database（HMDB） and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， and screened for differential metabolites with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1， P<0.05， and fold change（FC）<0.6 or FC>1. And the metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the screened differential metabolites was performed by MetaboAnalyst 5.0， then the screened differential metabolites were diagnosed and evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves. ResultCompared with the control group， the FBG level of rats in the model group increased significantly（P<0.01）， the GHbA1c content tended to increase， but the difference was not statistically significant， and the pancreatic tissue of rats was obviously damaged， the number of pancreatic islets decreased， and the pancreatic β-cells were obviously reduced， atrophied and enlarged. Compared with the model group， the FBG levels of rats in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules and the positive drug group were significantly reduced after 2 weeks of administration（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the GHbA1c content of rats in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， and the pancreatic tissue lesions of rats in the different dose groups of Fuling Yunhua granules were reduced. The results of non-targeted metabolomics showed that 46 differential metabolites were significantly changed in the model group compared with the blank group. Pathway enrichment analysis found that T2DM mainly affected biological processes including biosynthesis of primary bile acid， D-amino acid metabolism， steroid hormone biosynthesis， and glycerophospholipid metabolism in rats. Compared with the model group， the levels of 8 differential metabolites in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules were significantly adjusted， and the pathway enrichment analysis found that D-amino acid metabolism， retinol metabolism， glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， tryptophan metabolism and other metabolic pathways were mainly involved. ROC curves further analysis revealed that the four characteristic differential markers of 11-cis-retinol， D-piperidinic acid， D-serine， and p-cresol sulfate had high diagnostic value for the treatment of T2DM with Fuling Yunhua granules. ConclusionFuling Yunhua granules can improve the symptoms of T2DM rats by regulating the amino acid metabolic and retinol metabolic pathways through the modulation of endogenous differential metabolites.

Objective:To investigate the perioperative bleeding of patients undergoing transurethral plasma kinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP) and analyze the related influencing factors.Methods:Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 206 patients with TUPKP admitted to Xi′an Lintong District People′s Hospital from March 2021 to March 2024, all patients were aged from 51 to 83 years old, with an average of (64.33±9.74) years; patients′ course of disease was 1 to 7 years, averaged (4.57±1.59) years. and the perioperative bleeding of patients was observed and divided into bleeding group ( n=108) and non-bleeding group( n=98). By comparing the general data and laboratory data between groups, the influencing factors of perioperative bleeding in TUPKP patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results The proportion of diabetes and postoperative constipation in bleeding group was higher than that in non-bleeding group, and the prostate volume and operation time were higher than that in non-bleeding group ( P<0.05). Serum calcium, platelet count (PLT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in bleeding group were lower than those in non-bleeding group ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes ( OR=4.283), prostate volume ( OR=1.111), operation time ( OR=1.091) and postoperative constipation ( OR=4.144) were the risk factors for perioperative bleeding in TUPKP patients ( P<0.05). Serum calcium ( OR=0.001) and PLT ( OR=0.980) are the protective factors for perioperative bleeding in TUPKP patients ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The rate of perioperative bleeding in TUPKP patients is of great risk. Diabetes, prostate volume, operation time and postoperative constipation are its risk factors, and serum calcium and PLT are its protective factors.

AIM:To explore the expression and distribution of synaptic and extrasynaptic glutamate receptors under the action of amyloid β-protein 42 oligomers(Aβ42Os)in Alzheimer disease.METHODS:In vitro,primary neu-rons from neonatal mice were treated with different concentrations of Aβ42Os.In vivo,Aβ42Os were stereotaxically injected into the lateral ventricle of C57BL/6 mice.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of metabotropic gultamate re-ceptor 5(mGluR5)and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)subunits(NR2A,NR2B and NR1)in mouse primary neurons and mice.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the distribution of mGluR5 and NMDAR.Addi-tionally,Western blot was employed to examine the expression of mGluR5 downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(PKB/AKT)signaling pathway-related proteins,calcium signaling pathway-related proteins and synapse-related proteins in mouse hippocampal tissues.RESULTS:(1)High concentrations of Aβ42Os increased mGluR5 expression in mouse primary neurons,but reduced the expression of NR2A,NR2B and NR1(P<0.01).Treatment of pri-mary neurons with high concentration of Aβ42Os resulted in aggregation of mGluR5 on the membrane surface,and re-duced the expression of NR2A,NR2B and NR1 on the membrane surface.(2)High concentration of Aβ42Os increased the expression of synaptic mGluR5 in mouse hippocampal tissues(P<0.01),but reduced the expression of synaptic NR2A(P<0.05)and NR2B(P<0.01)and increased the expression of extrasynaptic NR2B(P<0.01).High concentration of Aβ42Os inhibited the expression of PI3K and the phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),and overactivated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα(CaMKIIα).High concentration of Aβ42 decreased the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95,spinophilin,synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:(1)High concentrations of Aβ42Os increase mGluR5 expression and decrease NR2A,NR2B and NR1 expression in synapse,along with an increase in extrasynaptic NR2B.(2)High concentrations of Aβ42Os inhibit the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways,overactivated the CaMKIIα pathway,and destroyed the synaptic structures.

The DNA characterization of Cannabis sativa L.has been one of the key directions of anti-drug research at home and abroad.Previous research mainly focused on the identification of cannabis-species and gender differentiation,and have constructed a number of corresponding composite amplification systems.With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology,the whole genome of C.sativa and the sequences of key enzyme genes for its major physicochemical components have been sequenced successively,and intra-species differentiation studies of C.sativa based on specific molecular markers have gradually emerged.However,due to the high variability of cannabis subspecies-and variety-specific molecular markers,relevant foreign studies failed to provide ideal molecular marker support for the identification of intra-specific distinctions of Cannabis sativa in China.Based on this,this paper comprehensively analyzes the current situation and shortcomings of domestic and international research on intra-specific differentiation of C.sativa,and combines the previous research results of this group to elaborate on how to use high-throughput sequencing technology to solve the problem of the lack of intra-specific molecular markers of C.sativa in China.