Objective:To investigate the effect of three-layer suturing of myometrium on the size of diverticu-lum after cesarean section and the related factors of the formation of uterine incision diverticulum(CSD).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 240 parturients who underwent cesarean section in Wuhu Hospital affiliated to East China normal University from April to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different suture methods of myometrium,they were divided into three-layer suture group(n=124)and double-layer suture group(n=116).According to the formation of CSD after operation,the parturients were divided into CSD group(n=23)and non-CSD group(n=217).The clinical characteristics of parturients in three-layer suture group and doub-le-layer suture group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent fac-tors affecting the formation of CSD and an artificial neural network model was constructed.The model was verified by receiver operating characteristics(ROC),calibration curve and clinical decision curve.Results:①The thick-ness of myometrium scar in the three-layer suture group was significantly higher than that in the double-layer su-ture group(7.06±2.09 mm vs.5.68±1.97 mm),while the formation of CSD(4.03％vs.15.52％)and the size of diverticulum(0.36±0.09 ml vs.0.47±0.12 ml)were significantly lower than those in the double-layer suture group(P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that retroflexion of uterus,cesarean section frequency ≥2 times,premature rupture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section were independent risk factors for the formation of CSD(OR＞1,P＜0 05),while three layer suture of myometrium was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③The artificial neural network prediction model showed that the weights of cesarean section frequency,premature rupture of membranes and three-layer suture were higher.The ROC curve,calibration curve,and clinical decision curve validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusions:The formation of CSD is related to indicators such as retroflexion of uterus,times of cesarean section,premature rup-ture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section.Clinical attention should be focused on this.In addition,three-layer suture of myometrium can reduce the probability of formation of CSD,which is worth popu-larizing and application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the effect of three-layer suturing of myometrium on the size of diverticu-lum after cesarean section and the related factors of the formation of uterine incision diverticulum(CSD).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 240 parturients who underwent cesarean section in Wuhu Hospital affiliated to East China normal University from April to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different suture methods of myometrium,they were divided into three-layer suture group(n=124)and double-layer suture group(n=116).According to the formation of CSD after operation,the parturients were divided into CSD group(n=23)and non-CSD group(n=217).The clinical characteristics of parturients in three-layer suture group and doub-le-layer suture group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent fac-tors affecting the formation of CSD and an artificial neural network model was constructed.The model was verified by receiver operating characteristics(ROC),calibration curve and clinical decision curve.Results:①The thick-ness of myometrium scar in the three-layer suture group was significantly higher than that in the double-layer su-ture group(7.06±2.09 mm vs.5.68±1.97 mm),while the formation of CSD(4.03％vs.15.52％)and the size of diverticulum(0.36±0.09 ml vs.0.47±0.12 ml)were significantly lower than those in the double-layer suture group(P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that retroflexion of uterus,cesarean section frequency ≥2 times,premature rupture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section were independent risk factors for the formation of CSD(OR＞1,P＜0 05),while three layer suture of myometrium was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③The artificial neural network prediction model showed that the weights of cesarean section frequency,premature rupture of membranes and three-layer suture were higher.The ROC curve,calibration curve,and clinical decision curve validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusions:The formation of CSD is related to indicators such as retroflexion of uterus,times of cesarean section,premature rup-ture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section.Clinical attention should be focused on this.In addition,three-layer suture of myometrium can reduce the probability of formation of CSD,which is worth popu-larizing and application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the effect of three-layer suturing of myometrium on the size of diverticu-lum after cesarean section and the related factors of the formation of uterine incision diverticulum(CSD).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 240 parturients who underwent cesarean section in Wuhu Hospital affiliated to East China normal University from April to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different suture methods of myometrium,they were divided into three-layer suture group(n=124)and double-layer suture group(n=116).According to the formation of CSD after operation,the parturients were divided into CSD group(n=23)and non-CSD group(n=217).The clinical characteristics of parturients in three-layer suture group and doub-le-layer suture group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent fac-tors affecting the formation of CSD and an artificial neural network model was constructed.The model was verified by receiver operating characteristics(ROC),calibration curve and clinical decision curve.Results:①The thick-ness of myometrium scar in the three-layer suture group was significantly higher than that in the double-layer su-ture group(7.06±2.09 mm vs.5.68±1.97 mm),while the formation of CSD(4.03％vs.15.52％)and the size of diverticulum(0.36±0.09 ml vs.0.47±0.12 ml)were significantly lower than those in the double-layer suture group(P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that retroflexion of uterus,cesarean section frequency ≥2 times,premature rupture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section were independent risk factors for the formation of CSD(OR＞1,P＜0 05),while three layer suture of myometrium was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③The artificial neural network prediction model showed that the weights of cesarean section frequency,premature rupture of membranes and three-layer suture were higher.The ROC curve,calibration curve,and clinical decision curve validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusions:The formation of CSD is related to indicators such as retroflexion of uterus,times of cesarean section,premature rup-ture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section.Clinical attention should be focused on this.In addition,three-layer suture of myometrium can reduce the probability of formation of CSD,which is worth popu-larizing and application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the effect of three-layer suturing of myometrium on the size of diverticu-lum after cesarean section and the related factors of the formation of uterine incision diverticulum(CSD).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 240 parturients who underwent cesarean section in Wuhu Hospital affiliated to East China normal University from April to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different suture methods of myometrium,they were divided into three-layer suture group(n=124)and double-layer suture group(n=116).According to the formation of CSD after operation,the parturients were divided into CSD group(n=23)and non-CSD group(n=217).The clinical characteristics of parturients in three-layer suture group and doub-le-layer suture group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent fac-tors affecting the formation of CSD and an artificial neural network model was constructed.The model was verified by receiver operating characteristics(ROC),calibration curve and clinical decision curve.Results:①The thick-ness of myometrium scar in the three-layer suture group was significantly higher than that in the double-layer su-ture group(7.06±2.09 mm vs.5.68±1.97 mm),while the formation of CSD(4.03％vs.15.52％)and the size of diverticulum(0.36±0.09 ml vs.0.47±0.12 ml)were significantly lower than those in the double-layer suture group(P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that retroflexion of uterus,cesarean section frequency ≥2 times,premature rupture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section were independent risk factors for the formation of CSD(OR＞1,P＜0 05),while three layer suture of myometrium was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③The artificial neural network prediction model showed that the weights of cesarean section frequency,premature rupture of membranes and three-layer suture were higher.The ROC curve,calibration curve,and clinical decision curve validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusions:The formation of CSD is related to indicators such as retroflexion of uterus,times of cesarean section,premature rup-ture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section.Clinical attention should be focused on this.In addition,three-layer suture of myometrium can reduce the probability of formation of CSD,which is worth popu-larizing and application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the effect of three-layer suturing of myometrium on the size of diverticu-lum after cesarean section and the related factors of the formation of uterine incision diverticulum(CSD).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 240 parturients who underwent cesarean section in Wuhu Hospital affiliated to East China normal University from April to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different suture methods of myometrium,they were divided into three-layer suture group(n=124)and double-layer suture group(n=116).According to the formation of CSD after operation,the parturients were divided into CSD group(n=23)and non-CSD group(n=217).The clinical characteristics of parturients in three-layer suture group and doub-le-layer suture group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent fac-tors affecting the formation of CSD and an artificial neural network model was constructed.The model was verified by receiver operating characteristics(ROC),calibration curve and clinical decision curve.Results:①The thick-ness of myometrium scar in the three-layer suture group was significantly higher than that in the double-layer su-ture group(7.06±2.09 mm vs.5.68±1.97 mm),while the formation of CSD(4.03％vs.15.52％)and the size of diverticulum(0.36±0.09 ml vs.0.47±0.12 ml)were significantly lower than those in the double-layer suture group(P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that retroflexion of uterus,cesarean section frequency ≥2 times,premature rupture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section were independent risk factors for the formation of CSD(OR＞1,P＜0 05),while three layer suture of myometrium was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③The artificial neural network prediction model showed that the weights of cesarean section frequency,premature rupture of membranes and three-layer suture were higher.The ROC curve,calibration curve,and clinical decision curve validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusions:The formation of CSD is related to indicators such as retroflexion of uterus,times of cesarean section,premature rup-ture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section.Clinical attention should be focused on this.In addition,three-layer suture of myometrium can reduce the probability of formation of CSD,which is worth popu-larizing and application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the effect of three-layer suturing of myometrium on the size of diverticu-lum after cesarean section and the related factors of the formation of uterine incision diverticulum(CSD).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 240 parturients who underwent cesarean section in Wuhu Hospital affiliated to East China normal University from April to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different suture methods of myometrium,they were divided into three-layer suture group(n=124)and double-layer suture group(n=116).According to the formation of CSD after operation,the parturients were divided into CSD group(n=23)and non-CSD group(n=217).The clinical characteristics of parturients in three-layer suture group and doub-le-layer suture group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent fac-tors affecting the formation of CSD and an artificial neural network model was constructed.The model was verified by receiver operating characteristics(ROC),calibration curve and clinical decision curve.Results:①The thick-ness of myometrium scar in the three-layer suture group was significantly higher than that in the double-layer su-ture group(7.06±2.09 mm vs.5.68±1.97 mm),while the formation of CSD(4.03％vs.15.52％)and the size of diverticulum(0.36±0.09 ml vs.0.47±0.12 ml)were significantly lower than those in the double-layer suture group(P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that retroflexion of uterus,cesarean section frequency ≥2 times,premature rupture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section were independent risk factors for the formation of CSD(OR＞1,P＜0 05),while three layer suture of myometrium was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③The artificial neural network prediction model showed that the weights of cesarean section frequency,premature rupture of membranes and three-layer suture were higher.The ROC curve,calibration curve,and clinical decision curve validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusions:The formation of CSD is related to indicators such as retroflexion of uterus,times of cesarean section,premature rup-ture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section.Clinical attention should be focused on this.In addition,three-layer suture of myometrium can reduce the probability of formation of CSD,which is worth popu-larizing and application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the effect of three-layer suturing of myometrium on the size of diverticu-lum after cesarean section and the related factors of the formation of uterine incision diverticulum(CSD).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 240 parturients who underwent cesarean section in Wuhu Hospital affiliated to East China normal University from April to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different suture methods of myometrium,they were divided into three-layer suture group(n=124)and double-layer suture group(n=116).According to the formation of CSD after operation,the parturients were divided into CSD group(n=23)and non-CSD group(n=217).The clinical characteristics of parturients in three-layer suture group and doub-le-layer suture group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent fac-tors affecting the formation of CSD and an artificial neural network model was constructed.The model was verified by receiver operating characteristics(ROC),calibration curve and clinical decision curve.Results:①The thick-ness of myometrium scar in the three-layer suture group was significantly higher than that in the double-layer su-ture group(7.06±2.09 mm vs.5.68±1.97 mm),while the formation of CSD(4.03％vs.15.52％)and the size of diverticulum(0.36±0.09 ml vs.0.47±0.12 ml)were significantly lower than those in the double-layer suture group(P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that retroflexion of uterus,cesarean section frequency ≥2 times,premature rupture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section were independent risk factors for the formation of CSD(OR＞1,P＜0 05),while three layer suture of myometrium was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③The artificial neural network prediction model showed that the weights of cesarean section frequency,premature rupture of membranes and three-layer suture were higher.The ROC curve,calibration curve,and clinical decision curve validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusions:The formation of CSD is related to indicators such as retroflexion of uterus,times of cesarean section,premature rup-ture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section.Clinical attention should be focused on this.In addition,three-layer suture of myometrium can reduce the probability of formation of CSD,which is worth popu-larizing and application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the effect of three-layer suturing of myometrium on the size of diverticu-lum after cesarean section and the related factors of the formation of uterine incision diverticulum(CSD).Meth-ods:The clinical data of 240 parturients who underwent cesarean section in Wuhu Hospital affiliated to East China normal University from April to November 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different suture methods of myometrium,they were divided into three-layer suture group(n=124)and double-layer suture group(n=116).According to the formation of CSD after operation,the parturients were divided into CSD group(n=23)and non-CSD group(n=217).The clinical characteristics of parturients in three-layer suture group and doub-le-layer suture group were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent fac-tors affecting the formation of CSD and an artificial neural network model was constructed.The model was verified by receiver operating characteristics(ROC),calibration curve and clinical decision curve.Results:①The thick-ness of myometrium scar in the three-layer suture group was significantly higher than that in the double-layer su-ture group(7.06±2.09 mm vs.5.68±1.97 mm),while the formation of CSD(4.03％vs.15.52％)and the size of diverticulum(0.36±0.09 ml vs.0.47±0.12 ml)were significantly lower than those in the double-layer suture group(P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that retroflexion of uterus,cesarean section frequency ≥2 times,premature rupture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section were independent risk factors for the formation of CSD(OR＞1,P＜0 05),while three layer suture of myometrium was a protective factor(OR＜1,P＜0.05).③The artificial neural network prediction model showed that the weights of cesarean section frequency,premature rupture of membranes and three-layer suture were higher.The ROC curve,calibration curve,and clinical decision curve validation showed that the model had good predictive ability.Conclusions:The formation of CSD is related to indicators such as retroflexion of uterus,times of cesarean section,premature rup-ture of membranes,perinatal infection and timing of cesarean section.Clinical attention should be focused on this.In addition,three-layer suture of myometrium can reduce the probability of formation of CSD,which is worth popu-larizing and application in clinic.

Objective: To investigate the expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in liver tissue and its association with liver pathology in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Methods: A total of 54 AIH patients (38 in the active stage and 16 in the remission stage) were enrolled, and 9 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. Immunohistochemistry combined with quantitative image analysis was used to measure the expression of PD-1 in liver tissue. The t-test, rank sum test, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson relation analysis were used for statistical analysis of different types of data. Results: The AIH group had a significantly higher positive rate of PD-1 in liver tissue than the control group (13.57%±6.84% vs 2.22%±0.66%, P < 0.01), and the patients in the active stage of AIH had a significantly higher positive rate of PD-1 in liver tissue than those in the remission stage (16.53%±7.72% vs 6.56%±3.16%, P < 0.01). The positive rate of PD-1 in liver tissue was 6.56%±3.16% in G0 group, 14.33%±5.08% in G1-2 group, and 19.23%±5.41% in G3-4 group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the positive rate of PD-1 between S0, S1-2, and S3-4 groups (P > 0.05). In AIH patients, the positive rate of PD-1 in liver tissue was positively correlated with the levels of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and IgG (r = 0.665, 0.721, 0.711, and 0.813, all P < 0.01). Conclusion AIH patients have regulated PD-1 expression in liver tissue, which is closely associated with liver inflammation and is not associated with fibrosis degree, suggesting that PD-1 is involved in the development and progression of inflammation in AIH patients.