The prevalence of thyroid disease, particularly hyperthyroidism, has rapidly increased in Korea in the past 10 years. Therefore, it is important to consider the complete medical history including thyroid disease in patients under dental treatment. Both the drugs used for dental treatment and psychological symptoms associated with treatment can induce emergencies in hyperthyroid patients. This case report considers emergency situations during dental treatment for hyperthyroid patients, and discusses risk factors and related concerns.
Emergencies* ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Diseases

The prevalence of thyroid disease, particularly hyperthyroidism, has rapidly increased in Korea in the past 10 years. Therefore, it is important to consider the complete medical history including thyroid disease in patients under dental treatment. Both the drugs used for dental treatment and psychological symptoms associated with treatment can induce emergencies in hyperthyroid patients. This case report considers emergency situations during dental treatment for hyperthyroid patients, and discusses risk factors and related concerns.
Emergencies* ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Diseases

Local anesthesia is administered to reduce pain during dental treatments, but may itself cause pain and contribute to increased dental fear. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) is one the method to reduce patient pain during local anesthesia; it is a device that slowly administers anesthetics by using a computerized device to control the injection speed. This literature review aims to provide an objective assessment of the usefulness of CCLAD for controlling pain by reviewing papers published to date that have used CCLAD.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics ; Dental Anxiety ; Humans ; Methods

Local anesthesia is administered to reduce pain during dental treatments, but may itself cause pain and contribute to increased dental fear. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) is one the method to reduce patient pain during local anesthesia; it is a device that slowly administers anesthetics by using a computerized device to control the injection speed. This literature review aims to provide an objective assessment of the usefulness of CCLAD for controlling pain by reviewing papers published to date that have used CCLAD.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics ; Dental Anxiety ; Humans ; Methods

BACKGROUND: Dental injury as a result of oroendotracheal intubation during general anesthesia is very common. We report our experiences of using mouthguard to prevent dental injury during intubation based on our protocol. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients referred for preanesthetic evaluation, those patients with a history of any of the dental treatments to their anterior teeth listed on our fabrication protocol from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010. RESULTS: No cases of dental trauma during oroendotracheal intubation were reported among the 202 patients who used a protective device. 66% of the patients had risk factors for hard tissue damage aged 10-40 years. At the ages of 40-70 years, the incidence of risk group for periodontal damage was higher. CONCLUSIONS: Preanesthetic consultation was effective for preventing dental injury, so preanesthetic questionnaire and proper dental consultation would be helpful.
Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation* ; Protective Devices ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Splints* ; Tooth

OBJECTIVES: This study was done in adolescents with a high risk of substance or internet addiction in order to confirm the assumption that insecure attachment formation and impulsivity-inattention problems are major risk factors in adolescent addictive behavior. METHODS: 2,188 middle and high school students including a nicotine dependent treatment group were assessed using self-reporting scales : Adolescent Drinking Index (ADI), Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, Young Internet Addiction Scale, Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and the Conner and Well's Self-reporting Scale for ADHD (CASS) were used. Subjects were classified into risk groups including substance addiction, internet addiction, as well as a combined group. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between attachment formation and internet addiction tendencies, with respect to dependence, anxiety, and closeness (r=-0.185, r=0.248, r=-0.147, p<0.01, respectively). Impulsivity-inattention problems had positive correlations with internet addiction, alcohol addiction and nicotine addiction groups (r=0.345, r=0.211, r=0.187, p<0.01). With regard to attachment formation, the four groups showed significant differences regarding dependence (F=19.427, p<0.01), anxiety (F=28.926, p<0.01), and closeness (F=12.853, p<0.01). In addition, the four groups showed significant difference with respect to impulsivity-inattention problems (F=83.857, p<0.01), of which the combined risk group showed the highest scores, and the non-addicted group had the lowest scores. CONCLUSION: Insecure attachment formation and impulsivity-inattention problems were major risk factors for adolescent addictive behavior including internet addiction.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; Behavior, Addictive ; Drinking ; Humans ; Internet ; Nicotine ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Weights and Measures

The methylation of a 23-kDa nuclear protein increased after partial hepatectomy and methylation returned to basal levels after the initial stage of regeneration. The methylating enzyme was partially purified from rat liver by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-anion exchange chromatography and Butyl-Sepharose chromatography. The 23-kDa protein was purified from a nuclear fraction of liver tissue with SP-Sepharose. When the 23-kDa protein was methylated with the partially purified methyltransferase and analyzed on C18 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the methylated acceptor amino acid was monomethyl lysine (MML). Previously, only arginine N-methylation of specific substrate proteins has been reported during liver regeneration. However, in this report, we found that lysine N-methylation increased during early hepatic regeneration, suggesting that lysine N-methylation of the 23-kDa nuclear protein may play a functional role in hepatic regeneration. The methyltransferase did not methylate other proteins such as histones, hnRNPA1, or cytochrome C, suggesting the enzyme is a 23-kDa nuclear protein- specific lysine N-methyltransferase.
Animals ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; DNA Helicases/metabolism ; Hepatectomy ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Liver ; Liver Regeneration/*physiology ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Methylation ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The blended current is usually used for endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) to minimize bleeding. The pure cutting current may induce less edema of the ampulla and therefore result in less injury to the pancreas theoretically. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of electric currents used on the development of serum pancreatic enzyme evaluation, clinical pancreatitis or bleeding after EST. METHODS: One hundred and eighteen consecutive patients who underwent EST with standard papillotome alone for the treatment of choledocholithiasis were reviewed. All EST had been performed by two endoscopists whose experience on EST was similar: one uses 'blended current' (BC group, n=74), while the other uses 'pure cutting current' (PC group, n=44). RESULTS: Baseline clinical, laboratory, and procedural parameters were similar in both groups. The incidences of hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia were similar between two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of clinical pancreatitis between two groups (BC 6.8% vs PC 0.0%, p=0.1557). All episodes of pancreatitis were mild. No episodes of significant bleeding occurred after EST. The incidences of sepsis, cholangitis and perforation were also not different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Development of complications after standard EST such as hyperamylasemia, clinical pancreatitis, and bleeding may not depend on the electric current used.
Aged ; Choledocholithiasis/surgery ; English Abstract ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis/etiology ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic/*adverse effects/methods

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) inhibit the immune response of lymphocytes to specific antigens and dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen- presenting cells whose function is to present antigen to naive T-lymphocytes with high efficiency and play a central role in the regulation of immune response. We studied the effects of MSC on DC to evaluate the relationship between MSC and DC in transplantation immunology. METHODS: MSC were expanded from the bone marrow and DC were cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of 6 myelogenous leukemia after achieving complete response. Responder cells isolated from PBMNC and lysates of autologous leukemic cells are used as tumor antigen. The effect of MSC on the DC was analyzed by immunophenotype properties of DC and by proliferative capacity and the amount of cytokine production with activated PBMNC against the allogeneic lymphocytes. Also, cytotoxicity tests against leukemic cells studied to evaluate the immunologic effect of MSC on the DC. RESULTS: MSC inhibit the CD83 and HLA- class II molecules of antigen-loaded DC. The proliferative capacity and the amount of INF-gamma production of lymphocytes to allogeneic lymphocytes were decreased in DC co-cultured with MSC. Also the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against leukemic cells was decreased in DC co-cultured with MSC. CONCLUSION: MSC inhibit the activation and immune response of DC induced by allogeneic or tumor antigen.
Bone Marrow ; Cell Culture Techniques* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; Lymphocytes ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transplantation Immunology

Tick bites are dermatoses not commonly encountered in Korea. Identification of causative ticks as well as recognition of clinical signs and histopathologic findings are important in making a diagnosis in tick-related dermatoses. Hard ticks which belong to the Family Ixodidae are responsible for most tick-related diseases. Since the first human case of tick bite in Korea was reported in 1982, seventeen cases have been reported up to the present. All the inflicted ticks belonged to the genus Ixodes except a case by Haemaphysalis flava. Among 16 ticks, collected from 16 cases of tick bites caused by the genus Ixodes, nine I. nipponenses, an I. ovatus and I. persulcatus were identified. Recently we experienced 8 cases of tick bites, 6 of them were caused by the genus Ixodes including 4 I. nipponenses. One of them, whose essential complaint was fever and chills, showed the clinical course of tick bite pyrexia which had not been reported in Korea. The clinical and epidemiological findings of tick bites reported in Korea were reviewed, including these 8 cases.
Chills ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Ixodes ; Ixodidae ; Korea ; Skin Diseases ; Tick Bites* ; Ticks*