Cognitive impairments and motor dysfunction are commonly observed behavioral phenotypes in genetic animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. JNPL3 transgenic mice expressing human P301L-mutant tau display motor disturbances with age- and gene dose-dependent development of neurofibrillary tangles, suggesting that tau pathology causes neurodegeneration associated with motor behavioral abnormalities. Although gait ignition failure (GIF), a syndrome marked by difficulty in initiating locomotion, has been described in patients with certain forms of tauopathies, transgenic mouse models mirroring human GIF syndrome have yet to be reported. Using the open field and balance beam tests, here we discovered that JNPL3 homozygous mice exhibit a marked delay of movement initiation. The elevated plus maze excluded the possibility that hesitation to start in JNPL3 mice was caused by enhanced levels of anxiety. Considering the normal gait ignition in rTg4510 mice expressing the same mutant tau in the forebrain, GIF in JNPL3 mice seems to arise from abnormal tau deposition in the hindbrain areas involved in locomotor initiation. Accordingly, immunohistochemistry revealed highly phosphorylated paired helical filament tau in JNPL3 brainstem areas associated with gait initiation. Together, these findings demonstrate a novel behavioral phenotype of impaired gait initiation in JNPL3 mice and underscore the value of this mouse line as a tool to study the neural mechanisms and potential treatments for human GIF syndrome.
Animals ; Anxiety ; Brain Stem ; Cognition Disorders ; Gait ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Locomotion ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Animal ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Pathology ; Phenotype ; Prosencephalon ; Rhombencephalon ; Tauopathies

Granulomatous rosacea is considered as the only true rosacea variant. Granuloma formation is a histologic feature of this condition. The clinical features of granulomatous rosacea include yellow-brown or red papules or nodules that are monomorphic and located on the cheeks and periorificial facial skin. The background facial skin is otherwise normal. Other signs and symptoms of rosacea are not required to make a diagnosis of granulomatous rosacea. We report on a case of granulomatous rosacea that was localized on the both eyelids as an unusual clinical presentation.
Cheek ; Eyelids ; Granuloma ; Rosacea ; Skin

Angioleiomyoma is a deep dermal or subcutaneous, benign tumor that originates from the vascular smooth muscle. It commonly presents between the third and sixth decades of life and it has a female preponderance. It mainly develops on the limbs and especially the lower legs. We experienced a case of angioleiomyoma that occurred on the chin, and this clinically mimicked hemangioma.
Angiomyoma ; Chin ; Extremities ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Leg ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

BACKGROUND: More than 10 years have passed since the second multicenter study on standard patch test were carried out in Korea (1986-1993) and an update is needed. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the type, frequency and changes of the common contact allergens in Korea. METHODS: Standard patch tests were performed using Finn chamber on Scanpor tape on in-patients and out-patients with contact dermatitis from January 2000 to July 2006. Epidemiologic findings of patients and the results of the patch tests were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 528 patch tested cases (male 135, female 393) were compiled and analyzed. The highest age distribution was 5th decade in males and 3rd decade in females. Patients' employment background showed that housewives and office-workers were the most frequently expected jobs consisting 32.4% and 15.2% respectively. The face, including eyelid and lip, was the most frequently affected site comprising 61.2%. The highest sensitization rates were found with : nickel (31.1%), neomycin (9.3%), cobalt (6.4%) and potassium (6.3%). The lowest positivity included : Me-Cl-Isothiazolinone (0.4%), 7-mercaptobenzothiazole (0.8%), black rubber mix (0.8%) and wool alcohol (0.8%). While nickel and neomycin showed increased reacitivities, formaldehyde, fragrance mix and colophony showed a decreased tendency when compared with those of other previous studies. CONCLUSION: These results provide the basis for the presumption of the route of allergen exposure and prevention of contact dermatitis in Korea.
Age Distribution ; Allergens ; Cobalt ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Employment ; Eyelids ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Korea ; Lip ; Male ; Neomycin ; Nickel ; Outpatients ; Patch Tests* ; Potassium ; Rubber ; Wool

Congenital smooth muscle hamartomas (CSMHs) usually appear at birth as skin-colored or slightly hyperpigmented patches or plaques on the trunk or extremities and are often covered by and increased amount of vellus hair. Histopathologically, it represents a proliferation of smooth muscle bundles within the dermis(1,2). We herein report on three cases of localized CSMHs; Case 1 was a 2-month-old boy who presented with a skin-colored, 6x5cm-sized plaque with folds, hypertrichosis and pseudo- Darier's sign on the face, an unusual site. But there was no hyperpigmentation. Case 2 and 3 were both 1-month-old boys who presented with typical hyperpigmented, hairy plaques on the lateral aspect of the left thigh.
Extremities ; Hair ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypertrichosis ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Parturition ; Thigh

Black hairy tongue occurs on the dorsum of the tongue, and is characterised by a black, yellowish, or brown plaque with hairlike structures which result from benign hyperkeratosis of the filiform papillae. It may be associated with several conditions such as smoking, oral antibiotics or candida infection. However, the definite etiology is unknown. We report a case of black hairy tongue without any associated condition.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Candida ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tongue ; Tongue, Hairy*

We report here on a case of secondary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that occurred in a 67-year-old man who had a 2-month history of nodular growing masses on the left cheek, plus palpable lymph nodes on the left cervical area. The histopathological findings showed a diffuse infiltration of large atypical lymphocytes with nuclear atypia throughout the entire dermis. These showed positive CD20, bcl-2 and the post-germinal center marker, MUM-1. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) classification, this lymphoma is considered to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the post-germinal center (GC) B-cell type with a secondary cutaneous manifestation. We treated the patient with systemic chemotherapy (CHOP) and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. During the course of treatment, new skin lesions developed on his neck, so we changed the regimen to cytosin- arabinoside and cisplatin. But he died of pneumonia after the third cycle.
Aged ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Cheek ; Cisplatin ; Classification ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Neck ; Pneumonia ; Skin ; World Health Organization

Intramuscular lipoma, also referred to as an infiltrating lipoma, is a rare, benign uncapsulated tumor that originates between skeletal muscle bundles and infiltrates through the intramuscular septa. These lipomas are generally found on the upper or lower limbs, but rarely occur on the face. We report a case of intramuscular lipoma of the chin, which has not ever been reported in Korea. Histopathological findings showed mature adipocytes infiltrating muscle in a diffuse manner. The lesion was excised completely and has shown no evidence of recurrence.
Adipocytes ; Chin* ; Korea ; Lipoma* ; Lower Extremity ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Recurrence

Chondroid syringoma is an uncommon, benign neoplasm of sweat gland origin. It clinically presents as a slowly-growing intradermal or subcutaneous nodule, and is usually observed on the head and neck of middle-aged to elderly people. Histologically, two types of chondroid syringoma can be recognized: one common type has tubular and cystic lumina and the other extremely rare type has small tubular lumina. We herein report a rare case of chondroid syringoma with small tubular lumina.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic* ; Aged ; Head ; Humans ; Neck ; Sweat Glands

Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm usually associated with ocular adnexa. This malignancy may occur at any anatomic site that contains sebaceous glands. Despite the widespread anatomic distribution of sebaceous glands, extraocular sebaceous carcinoma occurs with far less frequency. We report a case of an 87-year-old Korean woman with extraocular sebaceous carcinoma treated with total excision.
Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Sebaceous Glands