ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) at 2 months postpartum on caregiving for infants aged2 to 24 months, and to provide a scientific basis for future maternal and infant healthcare services. MethodsBased on the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort, 1 060 mother-child pairs were selected from those fully participating in follow-up visits at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months postpartum. Pregnancy and childbirth-related information was collected using standardized questionnaire surveys and hospital obstetric and maternity records. The Edinburgh postpartum depression scale was used to assess the maternal postpartum depressive symptoms at 2 months postpartum. At 2, 6, 12, and 24 months postpartum, questionnaire survey was used to evaluate the maternal responsiveness in caregiving and the provision of early learning opportunities for infants. Scores for responsive caregiving and early learning opportunities at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months were grouped based on the 25th percentile (P₂₅) of total scores. The mixed-effects model was used to analyze the longitudinal impact of maternal postpartum depression at 2 months on the caregiving of 2 to 24-month-old infants. ResultsThe longitudinal results from the mixed-effects model did not show an impact of maternal PPD on infant responsive caregiving within 12 months and early learning opportunities within24 months. However, cross-sectional analysis revealed that, compared to the non-PPD group, the risk of low responsive caregiving at 2 months in the PPD group was 93% higher (OR=1.931, 95%CI: 1.113‒3.364, P=0.019). The risks for low provision of early learning opportunities at2 months and 24 months increased by 59% (OR=1.589, 95%CI: 1.082‒2.324, P=0.017) and 60% (OR=1.598, 95%CI:1.120‒2.279, P=0.010), respectively. ConclusionMaternal postpartum depression increases the risk of low responsive caregiving at 2 months, but its long-term effects warrant further research.

Hepatolenticular degeneration， also known as Wilson disease （WD）， is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene， leading to copper metabolism disorders. Gene mutations result in impaired synthesis of copper-binding protein， and abnormal excretion of copper through bile leads to pathological deposition of copper in various organs， ultimately causing multi-organ damage. The insidious onset and low specificity of symptoms make it difficult to diagnose this disease. On the basis of existing studies and the theory of latent toxin， this paper proposes that latent toxin in kidney collaterals is the main pathogenesis of renal injury in WD. It is pointed out that health Qi deficiency and latent pathogen are the premises for the occurrence of this disease， and the transformation of latent pathogen into toxin is the ley pathological process. Toxin damaging kidney collaterals is the ultimate result. According to the pathogenesis， this paper proposes the treatment principle of reinforcing healthy Qi and resolving toxin and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. This review provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of renal injury in WD with traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Gandouling decoction combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation （NMES） in the treatment of dysphagia in Wilson disease （WD） with combined phlegm and stasis. MethodsA total of 80 WD patients with dysphagia due to combined phlegm and stasis treated in the Department of Encephalopathy， the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine were randomized into a control group and an observation group， with 40 patients in each group. In addition， 40 healthy volunteers were recruited as the normal group. The control group was treated with basic copper drainage combined with NMES. The observation group was treated with Gandouling Decoction on the basis of the therapy in the control group. Each course of treatment lasted for 8 days， and the patients were treated for a total of 4 courses. All subjects underwent video fluoroscopic swallowing study （VFSS） before and after treatment. During the examination， contrast agents with 4 different characters were used for the swallowing action， and the passing time was recorded. The TCM syndrome score， water swallow test score， standard swallowing assessment （SSA） score， and 24-h urinary copper level before and after treatment were analyzed. ResultsWhen performing VFSS， the passing time of contrast agents of different characters in the oral stage was longer in the WD group than in the normal group （P<0.01）， while it had no significant difference in the pharyngeal stage. After treatment， the passing time in the oral stage shortened in the control and observation groups （P<0.01）， and the observation group outperformed the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， both the control and observation groups showed declines in TCM syndrome score and SSA score （P<0.01） and an increase in water swallow test score （P<0.01）， and the changes were more obvious in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.01）. In addition， the treatment in the control and observation groups elevated the 24-h urinary copper level （P<0.01）， and the elevation in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group （P<0.01）. Neither group showed obvious adverse reaction. ConclusionGandouling decoction combined with NMES can significantly ameliorate dysphagia in WD patients with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis regarding the TCM syndrome score， water swallow test score， and SSA score， demonstrating definite clinical efficacy and high safety.

Biomolecular condensates are formed through phase separation of biomacromolecules such as proteins and RNAs. These condensates exhibit liquid-like properties that can futher transition into more stable material states. They form complex internal structures via multivalent weak interactions, enabling precise spatiotemporal regulations. However, the use of inconsistent and non-standardized terminology has become increasingly problematic, hindering academic exchange and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the terminology related to biomolecular condensates in order to clarify concepts, promote interdisciplinary cooperation, enhance research efficiency, and support the healthy development of this field.

Objective To explore the efficacy of a new anti-heart failure drug,Entresto,in the prevention of cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin(DOX).Methods Male adult ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups(n = 8):control group,DOX group and DOX plus Entresto group.Cardiac function of mice was measured by echocardiography.H9c2 cells were pretreated with Entresto(0-48 μmol/L)for 24 hours in the presence or absence of DOX(1 mmol/L),and then cell viability,oxidative stress,apoptosis and mitochondrial function were evaluated.Results As compared with the control group,leakage of CK,CK-MB and LDH increased significantly in the DOX group(P<0.01),and left ventricular systolic dysfunction occurred.Entresto administration reversed these changes in the DOX group.The level of ROS and the number of apoptotic cells in cardiomyocytes in the DOX plus Entresto group were lower than those in the DOX group(P<0.05).As compared with the DOX group,the level of ROS and the number of apoptotic cells in H9c2 cells decreased significantly in the Entresto plus DOX group(P<0.05),and mitochondrial membrane potential increased significantly(P<0.05).Entresto reversed the inhibitory effect of DOX on SIRT1/PGC-1α/MFN2 signaling pathway.Conclusions Entresto improves DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting ROS-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis,and its mechanism may be related to SIRT1/PGC-1α/MFN2 signal transduction pathway.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

Objective To explore the protective effect in a model of nicotinamide riboside(NR)against carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone(CCCP)-induced oxidative stress in R28 cells.Methods 4 μmol/L CCCP was used to induce oxidative stress in R28 cells,and 400 nmol/L NR was used to intervene.The cell viability was quantified by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V/PI double staining and flow cytometry.Western blotting was used to examine the levels of Cytochrome C,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 to evaluate the apoptosis.Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),MitoSOX was used to detect the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS)levels,and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)assay kit was used to assess ATP generation ability to evaluate mitochondrial function.Results After CCCP treatment of R28 cells,the cell viability decreased,the apoptotic protein levels and apoptosis rates increased,the MMP decreased,and the mtROS generation increased(P＜0.05).After NR pretreatment,the cell viability increased,the apoptotic protein levels and apoptosis rates decreased,the MMP increased,and the mtROS generation decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:NR enhances the cell viability,reduces the expression of apoptotic proteins,and ultimately reduces the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cell by inhibiting oxidative stress response and protecting mitochondrial function.

"MS/MS spectrum to structure"plays a critical role in the confirmative identification of complicated matrices and is currently regarded as an extremely challenging endeavor.MS/MS information provides vital clues to structural identification.In this study,a strategy was proposed to facilitate unambiguous identification through matching MS3 with MS2 spectra.Initially,MS3 spectra of the featured ions(c-and y-type ions)generated by the decomposition of ester functional group in esters and the MS2 spectrum of the structural unit([M-H]-)were all captured on the Qtrap-MS platform equipped with two tandem-in-space collision cells,including the second quadrupole cell(q2)and linear ion trap(LIT)chambers(actually the third quadrupole unit).Subsequently,the MS/MS spectrum matching between MS3 spectra of the ester compound and MS2 spectra of the structural unit(s)were achieved.As a result,the findings corresponding to MS3 and MS2 spectra matching were summarized.Finally,based on HR-MS/MS information of total salvianolic acid derivatives(TSA),36 kinds of compounds were preliminarily identified through matching with literature information and database retrieval.The applicability of MS3 and MS2 spectra matching strategy was further justified by the confirmative identification of phenolic acid compounds(Rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B)in TSA.Above all,MS3 and MS2 spectra matching strategy was quite meaningful towards advancing"MS/MS spectrum to structure"analysis through recognizing and identifying featured fragment ions,and also provided inspiration and new insights for the structural characterization.

Objective To develop a novel transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement device and test its performance. Methods The transcatheter tricuspid valve stent consisted of double-layer self-expanding nitinol stent, biotissue-derived bovine pericardial leaflets, and PTFE woven. The delivery system, mainly consisting of a handle control unit and a delivery sheath, was sent to the correct position via right atrium or jugular vein. The sheath had a visualization feature, and the handle control unit could realize the functions of stable release and partial recovery of the interventional valve. In addition, this study performed animal survival experiments on the basis of in vitro experiments. A large-white pig was used as the experimental animal. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established through median thoracotomy, then the right atrium was opened, and the interventional valve was released under direct vision without cardiac arrest. Approximately 1 month after interventional valve implantation, the maneuverability and stability of the interventional tricuspid device were evaluated by autopsy. Results Through the animal experiment, the interventional valve was successfully released, and the anchoring was satisfactory. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed that the interventional valve opened and closed well, the flow rate of tricuspid valve was 0.6 m/s, and there was no obvious tricuspid regurgitation. One month after the operation, we dissected the large-white pig and found the interventional valve was not deformed or displaced, the leaflets were well aligned, and there was thrombus attachment in the groove between the inner and outer layers of the interventional valve. Conclusion Animal experiment shows that the novel device can stably and firmly attach to the tricuspid annulus, with good anchoring effect, and effectively reduce paravalvular leakage.

To explore the protective mechanisms of a novel molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanozyme in alleviating inflammation-related endothelial cell injury by regulating mitochondrial dynamic, flower like-MoS₂ nanosheets were prepared by hydrothermal method, and its antioxidant enzyme-mimic activities were assessed via electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. It was shown that MoS₂ nanosheets had strong scavenging ability for hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet reactive oxygen species (¹O₂) in a dose-dependent manner. Using an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular endothelial cell injury model, the protective roles of MoS₂ nanozyme on cytotoxicity and apoptosis of endothelial cells were examined by MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, respectively. Mitochondrial fission/fusion of endothelial cell were observed by Mito-Tracker green probe. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe DCFH-DA and superoxide anion probe DHE were used to detect the level of oxidative stress in vitro. Plasmid GFP-LC3 transfection using colocalization analysis was applied to assess the autophagy of endothelial cells. The results showed that MoS₂ nanozyme could significantly reduce the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of endothelial cells stimulated by LPS, and prevent the impairment mitochondrial dynamics of endothelial cells, thus maintaining mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, MoS₂ nanozyme was also shown to alleviate LPS-mediated endothelial mitochondrial autophagy, thus protecting endothelial cells from inflammatory stress. These results established that MoS₂ nanozyme protected endothelial cells injury from inflammatory stress by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy of endothelial cells, which is expected to expand the use of MoS₂ nanozyme in the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related vascular endothelial diseases.