The aim of the present study was to examine the factors associated with exercise participation in mothers with primary school children. A cross-sectional study of 315 mothers of primary school children was completed. Participants were recruited from fourteen elementary schools in which their children were enrolled. Exercise participation and associated factors including demographic, psychological, behavioral, and environment factors were assessed by questionnaire. After controlling for age, body mass index and sociodemographic variables, results of logistic regression indicated that holding a full-time job (OR=0.15 (0.05-0.44), p < 0.01) and high frequency of cleaning (OR=0.30 (0.14-0.65), p < 0.01) were significantly negatively correlated with exercise participation. Moreover, high self-efficacy of exercise (OR=3.11 (1.66-5.84), p < 0.01) and car driving (OR=2.68 (1.57-4.56), p < 0.01) were significantly positively associated with exercise participation. The findings of this study suggest that employment status, psychological and behavioral factors were related with exercise participation in mothers with primary school children.