OBJECTIVE： To investigate the improvement effects of external application of water extract from Picrasma quassioides on allergic contact dermatitis （ACD） model mice， and to provide reference for its further development and utilization. METHODS： A total of 48 mice were randomly divided into blank control group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， hydrocortisone group （positive control， about 0.15 g/ear） and water extract from P. quassioides low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.15， 0.3， 0.6 g/ear， calculated by extract）， with 8 mice in each group. The mice were given medicine on ear at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. for 7 d continuously. Except for blank control group， other groups were given acetone-olive oil solution containing 0.5％ 2，4-dinitrofluorobenzene （DNFB） on the abdomen of mice to induce ACD model. After 7 d medication， modeling group was given acetone-olive oil of 0.25％ DNFB on left ear to induce dermatitis. 24 h later， the pathological changes of left ear tissue were observed by naked eye and skin lesion was scored. The thickness difference and weight difference of left and right ears in mice were measured. The serum contents of IL-6 and IgE were determined. The pathomorphology changes of ear tissue were observed by microscope after HE staining. RESULTS： Compared with blank control group， the skin lesion score of left ear was increased significantly in model group （P＜0.01）； the thickness difference and weight difference of left and right ears， serum contents of IgE and IL-6 were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Pathological changes were observed in left tissue of mice by microscope， such as lymphocytic infiltration， intercellular edema， erythrocyte exudation. Compared with model group， skin lesion score of left ear in mice was decreased significantly in hydrocortisone group and water extract from P. quassioides high-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the thickness difference and weight difference of left and right ears in mice were decreased significantly in all administration groups （P＜0.01）. The serum contents of IgE and IL-6 in mice were decreased significantly in hydrocortisone group， water extract from P. quassioides medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.01）； the inflammatory lesions of left ear in mice were alleviated to varying degrees in different administration groups. CONCLUSIONS： External application of water extract from P. quassioides has a good improvement effect on ACD model mice.

Objective To describe clinical characteristics and anti-infective treatment of Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)meningitis.Methods Clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)examination results of 6 patients with L.monocytogenes meningitis in a hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Evaluation methods were developed according to relevant guidelines and literatures,anti-infective treatment and prognosis of patients with L.monocytogenes meningitis were evaluated.Results Two of 4 adults with L.monocytogenes meningitis had triad of fever,stiff neck,and altered mental status,the mean white blood cell count(WBC)of the initial CSF detection was 997×106/L,CSF/blood glucose ratio was 0.32,CSF protein was 1.43g/L;the other 2 neonates had fever,epilepsy,and hyponatremia,WBC were both>1 000×106/L,CSF protein were both>1 g/L,CSF/blood glucose ratio was<0.5.Of 6 patients,none were treated with appropriate initial empiric anti-infection therapy,confirmed by CSF or blood culture,5 cases were treated with ampicillin anti-infective therapy,1 used compound sulfamethoxazole due to penicillin allergy;1 neonate died,1 elderly patient was with moderate disability,the remaining 4 cases were all recovered and discharged from hospital.Conclusion Clinical manifestations and CSF findings of L.monocytogenes meningitis are not different from other purulent meningitis,commonly used antimicrobial agents for the treatment of purulent meningitis are not sensitive to L.monocytogenes,which should be paid attention in clinic.

Objective To screen patients with clopidogrel resistance and develop accurate anti-platelet therapy strategies based on CYP2C19 gene polymorphism.Methods A total of 200 patients with acute coronary syndrome/percutaneous coronary angioplasty were selected.The pyrophosphate sequencing technology was using to detect CYP2C19 gene polymorphism for identifying clopidogrel poor metabolizers and guide antiplatelet therapy according to the development of clopidogrel resistance strategies.Results The proportion of patients with clopidogrel resistance (including intermediate metabolizers and slow metabolizers) was about 63.5%.In clopidogrel intermediate metabolizers, 41.4% cases were applied double dosages of clopidogrel and about 20.2% patients were given ticagrelor instead of clopidogrel.For clopidogrel slow metabolizers, approximately 39.3% cases were given doubled dosage of clopidogrel and 46.4% cases were given ticagrelor.Compared with previous data, the proportion of individual treatment of clopidogrel resistance was significantly increased in this study.Conclusion The strategies for the treatment of clopidogrel resistance, which based on the polymorphism of CYP2C19 gene, have been achieved initial success.

Objective To summarize the experience of clinical pharmacist ’ s work and explore the working method of pharma-ceutical care in the department of orthopedics .Methods With the characteristics of the orthopedics department , clinical pharmacists should provide pharmaceutical care in steps .At present, we focus on pharmaceutical inquisition , management of antibiotics use of peri-operative patients , and assisting doctors on the treatment of infectious patients and choosing proper analgesics .Results The work was gradually been accepted by doctors and nurses , and their requirement for clinical pharmacist was increased , which enhanced the basis of depth and breadth of pharmaceutical care in the future .Conclusion Clinical pharmacists should grasp the feature of orthopedics de-partment and improve their working capability gradually , thus to supply pharmaceutical care for the clinic with better quality .

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of matrine in it's liposomes by acid dye colorime_ try.METHODS:Sephadex gel G-50 column was established by swelling of matrine liposomes sample in distilled water for at least 12 hours,distilled water was used as mobile phase,after eluting,the column was mixed with 0.0 125%of bromothymol bl_ ue buffer solution and chloroform,and then the mixture was shaken,standing and demixed,the absorbability of chloroform layer was detected at the wavelength of 413 nm.RESULTS:The detection concentration of matrine showed good linearity with its absorbability within the range of 0.04～0.20mg/ml(r=0.9 972),the average recovery was 94.10%(RSD=1.86%).CONCL_ USION:The established method is simple and accurate,which can be used for quality control of matrine liposomes.

OBJECTIVE:To enhance consumers'satisfaction with the hospital pharmacy services.METHODS:Patient satisfaction measuring tables were designed before being given to550common consumers who were investigated through questionnaire by convenient sampling method.The reliability of the measuring tables was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and margin of stability.t test and single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA)were used to analyze the effects of demographic factors on degree of satisfaction.RESULTS:345questionnaires have been recovered with the effective recovery rate at62.7%;the Cronbach'a alpha coefficient was0.7503.The consumers'average satisfaction score was2.81.There were significant differences among consumers with different educational level.CONCLUSION:Generally speaking,the consumers are not satisfied with the current hospital pharmacy services.The dissatisfaction were mainly centralized in some non-technical services such as drug prices,service quality and professional ethics,etc.of pharmacists.It is necessary for hospital pharmacy to take some coping measures to increase consumers'satisfaction with pharmacy services.

OBJECTIVE:To strengthen the ADR monitoring in hospitals and enlarge the scope of pharmacists' profession METHODS:This article analyzes the present situation and problems existing in AD R monitoring in hospitals and discusses the possibility of pharmacists' particip ation referring to the practice in foreign countries RESULTS:It is critical to strengthen the ADR monitoring in hospitals Pharmacists have advantage in condu cting the monitoring Several suggestions were put forward CONCLUSION:It is an important responsibility for pharmacists to participate in the ADR monitoring a nd give its contribution to the cause

OBJECTIVE:To improve the research level of hospital pharmaceutical management in China in order to pro-mote the pharmaceutical care in hospital.METHODS:298published articles on pharmaceutical management between2002and2003were collected and analyzed.The differences were compared between Chinese and American research papers.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Chinese articles mainly dealt with drug management,including drug use,preparation management and drug purchase,and the research methods used in these articles were less scientific,while the research methodology in U.S studies is worthy of learning.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the prescription and preparation of matrine liposomes.METHODS:The liposomes were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation technique;the envelope efficiency and the diameter of matrine liposomes were taken as criteria,the prescription and preparation of the liposomes were optimized by orthogonal design.RESULTS:The best prescription consisted of egg phosphatidylcholin(80mg),the oil phase cholesterol(15mg),the water phase phosphate buffer so?lution(pH=7.0)and matrine(30mg);the best preparation technics was as follows:chloroform(30ml),ultrasonic time was10min rotary evaporating temperature at48℃.The liposomes had homogeneous shape with the particle size at250nm～750nm and the envelope efficiency of matrine liposomes at47.25%.CONCLUSION:The optimized formulation of martine liposomes is reasonable in prescription,practicable in technics,high in envelope efficiency and perfect in stability.

OBJECTIVE:To explore consumers’perceptions of pharmaceutical care in hospital and to provide useful in?formation for implementation of pharmaceutical care.METHODS:A questionnaire was developed and a convenience sample of550consumers located throughout Xi’an City was formed.The consumers’perception structures and related influencing factors were explored by methods of descriptive statistics,t-test,one-way ANOVA and factor analysis.RESULTS:345copies of questionnaire were collected with the valid rate being62.7%.Consumers highly valued the pharmacentical care in hospital.The hospital pharmaceutical care contained clinical pharmacentical care,self-medication services,pharmaceutical consultation services and pharmacy dispensing services in the perspective of the consumers.The consumers showed significantly different identification degrees for the four services.Furthermore,the identification degree differed significantly among the consumers of different sexes and educational backgrounds.CONCLUSION:It is socially necessary for hospitals to implement pharma?ceutical care.There are structural differences in the services among the consumers.Sex and educational experience have great effect on patients’identification degree of pharmaceutical care.