Objective To improve the load resistance ability of students in teenager aviation schools and carry out specialized training for the body situation and shape of students.Methods We selected students from 14 teenager aviation schools and measured their height,weight,and the circumferences of necks,chests,upper-arms,waists,hips,and thighs.We compared the data of these students from different areas and the parameters were analyzed statistically by correlation analysis.Results Totally 411 students from 6 southern schools and 403 students from northern schools were investigated.Their average body height,weight and body mass index (BMI) were (172.3 ± 4.39) cm,(62.7 ± 7.3) kg,and (21.1 ± 2.23)kg/m2 respectirely.Students from northern schools were taller and heavier than those from southern schools (P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference between students from northern and southern schools in BMI.Compared with the domestic average levels of height,weight and chest circumference of teenagers aged 14 to 17,students of teenager aviation schools were higher,but there was no difference in weight or chest circumference.The average circumferences of the chest,neck,left upper-arm,right upper-arm,waist,hip,left thigh and right thigh were (83.1 ± 5.06),(34.7 ±3.07),(25.2±2.33),(25.5 ±2.30),(73.4 ±6.73),(89.7 ±5.89),(50.1 ±5.22),and (50.2 ±5.27)cm,respectively.According to the data,students from northern schools had a bigger chest circumference and thigh circumference but a smaller neck circumference and upper-arms circumference than those from southern schools (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation coefficient between BMI and the circumferences of the chest,neck,left upper-arm,right upperarm,waist,hip,left thigh and right thigh was 0.2201,0.1066,0.2466,0.2499,0.2291,0.2149,0.2299,0.2264,respectively.All of them were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.0001).Conclusion Load resistance related parameters of students in teenager aviation schools are not different from the domestic levels,which points to the urgent need for load resistance ability training for these students.Some parameters vary between areas.BMI is positively related to those load resistance parameters.Based on regional variations and regularities found in this study,specialized load resistance ability training could be made more efficient.

Cardiomyocytes can resist ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) which is repetitive ischemia induced during the onset of reperfusion. Myocardial ischemic preconditioning up-regulated protein 2 (MIP2) is a member of the WD-40 family proteins, we previously showed that MIP2 was up-regulated during ischemic preconditioning (IPC). As IPC and IPoC engaged similar molecular mechanisms in cardioprotection, this study aimed to elucidate whether MIP2 was up-regulated during IPoC and contributed to IPoC-mediated protection against I/R injury. The experiment was conducted on two models, an in vivo open chest rat coronary artery occlusion model and an in vitro model with H9c2 myogenic cells. In both models, 3 groups were constituted and randomly designated as the sham, I/R and IPoC/hypoxia postconditioning (HPoC) groups. In the IPoC group, after 45 min of ischemia, hearts were allowed three cycles of reperfusion/ischemia phases (each of 30 s duration) followed by reperfusion. In the HPoC group, after 6 h of hypoxia, H9c2 cells were subjected to three cycles of 10 minute reoxygenation and 10 minute hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. IPoC significantly reduced the infarct size, plasma level of Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB in rats. 12 h after the reperfusion, MIP2 mRNA levels in the IPoC group were 10 folds that of the sham group and 1.4 folds that of the I/R group. Increased expression of MIP2 mRNA and attenuation of apoptosis were similarly observed in the HPoC group in the in vitro model. These effects were blunted by transfection with MIP2 siRNA in the H9c2 cells. This study demonstrated that IPoC induced protection was associated with increased expression of MIP2. Both MIP2 overexpression and MIP2 suppression can influence the IPoC induced protection.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Hypoxia/genetics/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/genetics/physiology ; Flow Cytometry ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial/*methods ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism/*pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reperfusion Injury/*metabolism/*prevention & control

Objective To investigate the effects of duration of untreated psychiatry (DUP) on the white matter integrity in first-episode medication-free patients with schizophrenia. Methods The Chinese version of Nottingham Onset Schedule was used to assess the DUP of 39 first-episode medication-free patients with schizophrenia. According to the median of DUP, the 39 patients were grouped into long-DUP group and short-DUP group. Diffusion weighted images of the 39 patients' whole brains were acquired with a Half-Fourier Acquired Single-Shot Turbo Spin Echo (HASTE) sequence.After being preprocessed with DTI-studio and statistical parametric mapping software (SPM5), the fractional anisotropy (FA) images of the 2 groups were compared by two-sample t-test with SPM5 software. The differences of gender, age, education level and total scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores between the 2 groups were also detected. Results No significant difference was noted on gender, age, education level, PANSS scores between the 2 groups (P＞0.05).Subjects of long-DUP group showed significantly reduced FA value in the right anterior cingulate fasciculus (x=8, y=40, z=24) and left prefrontal white matter thresholded (x=32, y=34, z=4) as compared with that of short-DUP group at a level of P＜0.001 (uncorrected). Conclusion Extension of the duration of DUP will reduce the white matter integrity in first-episode medication-free patients with schizophrenia.

Objective To study the prevention and foreseeing nursing of the complications of interventional therapy for carotid cavernous fistula (CCF). Methods The foreseeing nursing and reasons for the complications of interventional therapy for CCF were analyzed in the 16 patients. Results 16 patients were embolized successfully.Exophthalmos and vascular murmur were relieved. The most common complications were bleeding of the puncture,cerebral vasospasm, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral embolism and hyperperfusion syndrome. 1 patient was reembolized for the rupture of balloon. Vascular vasospasm was relieved after treatment in 2 patients. Hyperperfusion syndrome was relieved after lower blood pressure in 1 patient. Conclusions Interventional embolization was an effective treatment for CCF. Foreseeing nursing was the key to ensure the treatment effect.

Objective To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of spinal epidural angiolipoma to improve the diagnostic accuracy of this tumor. Methods The MRI findings in 2 patients with histopathologically confirmed spinal extradural angiolipoma were analyzed retrospectively. Results In both of the cases, the tumors were located in the extradural space of the thoracic intraspinal canal. The spindle-shaped tumor mass extended parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spine. The lesions presented with fat and vascular signal features. One of the tumors grew through the intervertebral foramen with a dumbbell appearance, invading the adjacent diaphragma, vertebral body, pedicle of the vertebral arch and the spinous process. The other tumor consisted of some tortuous and dilated blood vessels with flow void signals. Conclusion Spinal epidural angiolipoma presents characteristic features on MRI, which is considered the best diagnostic modality for this tumor.

BACKGROUNDThe main therapeutic treatments for hepatic artery complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) include thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stent placement, and liver retransplantation. The prognosis of hepatic artery complications after OLT is not only related to the type, extent, and timing but also closely associated with the selection and timing of the therapeutic methods. However, there is no consensus of opinion regarding the treatment of these complications. The aim of this study was to determine optimal treatment for hepatic artery complications after OLT.

METHODSThe clinical data of 25 patients diagnosed with hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) between October 2003 and March 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Treatments included liver retransplantation and interventions which contain thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement.

RESULTSAmong five patients with HAT, 3 were treated with thrombolysis. One recovered, one died after thrombolysis and another one died of multi-organ failure after retransplantation because of recurrent HAT. The remaining 2 patients underwent successful retransplantation and have survived after that. Among 12 patients presented with HAS within 1 month postoperatively, 2 patients underwent retransplantation due to irreversible liver failure and another 10 patients were treated with interventions. The liver function failed to improve in 3 patients and retransplantations were performed in 4 patients after stent placement because of ischemic cholangitis. Among 6 patients undergoing liver retransplantations, two died of intracranial hemorrhage and infection respectively. Eight patients presented with HAS after 1 month postoperatively, 5 patients were treated with interventional management and recovered after stent placement. Among another 3 patients presented with HAS, 2 patients' liver function was stable and one patient received late liver retransplantation due to ischemic bile duct lesion.

CONCLUSIONSIndividualized therapeutic regimens should be adopted in treating hepatic artery complications after OLT, according to postoperative periods, types and whether ischemic bile duct lesion exists or not. Liver retransplantation is the best treatment for patients with hepatic artery thrombosis. Interventional treatments of late HAS without irreversible liver failure or bile duct ischemia are appropriate, whereas retransplantation is recommended for early HAS.

Adult ; Aged ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Thrombosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technique, safety and clinical efficacy of transportal variceal sclerotherapy with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for gastric fundal varices.

METHODSTwenty-one patients with gastric fundal varices confirmed by endoscopy were enrolled in this study. The causes of the gastric varices were cirrhosis caused by hepatitis virus B or C (n = 16) and hepatocellular carcinoma with portal venous obstruction (n = 5). Percutaneous transhepatic or transplenic portography were performed on all 21 patients. The gastric varices were treated with NBCA-lipiodol mixture injected via a microcatheter introduced into the varices. For 8 patients who had large gastrorenal shunts (GRS), a balloon-occluded catheter was introduced into the GRS via the right femoral and left renal veins before injecting the NBCA-lipiodol. During the NBCA-lipiodol injection, the balloon was inflated to block the flow of GRS. Follow-up evaluations included findings of the laboratory liver function tests, upper intestinal endoscopies, and the occurrences of rebleeding.

RESULTSIn 20 patients (95.2%), the gastric varices were successfully obliterated with 2-8 ml of NBCA-lipiodol. In one patient with a large GRS, sclerotherapy was not successfully performed because a balloon-occluded catheter was not available during the procedure. In five patients, small amounts of NBCA-lipiodol entered into the distal pulmonary artery branches. Two of them suffered from transient irritable coughs; no patient developed severe pulmonary embolism. Embolization of portal venous branches occurred in two patients, which were not treated specifically. In comparison with the findings before the treatments, the serum alanine aminotransferase levels decreased at both 3 and 6 months after treatments (P less than 0.05); serum albumin levels increased at 6 months (P less than 0.05); the prothrombin times decreased at 6 months (P less than 0.05); but no significant changes were seen in the serum bilirubin levels. Fifteen patients were followed-up endoscopically for 3 months after the treatment. Gastric varices were completely resolved in 10 patients (66.7%) and were markedly smaller in 4 patients (26.6%). Worsening of the esophageal varices occurred in 3 patients (20%). All the patients were followed-up from 1 to 30 months [(16.7+/-8.8) months]. Rebleeding was observed in 4 patients, and the cumulative rebleeding rate at 1 year was 9.52%.

CONCLUSIONTransportal variceal sclerotherapy with NBCA is a safe and effective method for treating gastric varices. Microcatheter technique and occlusion of the large gastrorenal shunt with a balloon-occluded catheter are necessary to ensure obliteration of gastric varices and prevent pulmonary embolism.

Adult ; Aged ; Catheterization ; Enbucrilate ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; therapy ; Female ; Gastric Fundus ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Sclerotherapy ; methods

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of transvenous embolization withdetachable coils and N-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) for management of dural carotid-cavernous sinusfistulas (dCCFs). Methods Six patients with angiographically confirmed spontaneous dCCF wereinvolved in this study, including two with concurrent ipsilateral internal jugular vein occlusion. All thepatients received surgeries for transvenous embolization through the superior ophthalmic vein (2 cases) orthe inferior petrosal sinus (4 cases), using detachable coils (2 cases) or detachable coils combined withn-BCA (4 cases). Results The vascular murmur, exophthalmos and conjunctival congestiondisappeared in 4 patients shortly after the total embolization of the fistulas, while eyeball movementdisorder, diplopia and visual deterioration persisted for at least 1 month and gradually recovered 3 monthsafter the surgery. The fistulas failed to be completely embolized in two patients, and in one of the patients,the symptoms resolved after intermittent carotid artery compression for one week; in the other patient,exophthalmos recurred and worsened 1 month after embolization, and was successfully managed withtransarteriai embolization of the fistula. No symptomatic complications were found in these 6 patientsafter transvenous embolization in spite of the presence of a few small n-BCA granules in the lungs of twopatients. Conclusion Transvenous embolization is safe and effective for management of dCCF, andcombined use of detachable coils and n-BCA may enhance the success rate of total fistula embolization.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and complications of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with or without transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted for 62 small HCC cases undergoing RFA with or without TACE, and in each case, the tumors were not more than 3 with a diameter below 5 cm. Nineteen cases were managed with RFA alone (RFA group) while the other 27 underwent RFA combined with TACE (TACE+RFA group). Percutaneous RFA (RITA 1500) procedure was performed under CT guidance 1-3 weeks after TACE in TACE+RFA group.

RESULTSThe complete tumor necrosis rate was 77.8% (21/27) in TACE+RFA group, significantly higher than that in RFA group [57.9% (11/19), P<0.01], and the former group had a significantly lower local recurrence rate than the latter [22.2% (6/27) vs 42.1% (8/19), P<0.01]. Postoperative fever, local pain and temporary hepatic function abnormality were the common complications that were relieved after proper interventions, and mortality did not occur in these cases.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of TACE and RFA significantly increases the complete tumor necrosis rate and decreases the recurrence rate of small HCC. CT-guided percutaneous RFA can be a safe and effective therapy for small HCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDBudd-Chiari syndrome with hepatic vein occlusion (HVBCS) can induce severe portal hypertension and liver damage. We retrospectively analyzed hepatic CT features of HVBCS and evaluated the usefulness of triphasic enhancement of CT examinations and CT angiography (CTA) in its diagnosis.

METHODSTwenty-five cases with HVBCS, confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), received a triphasic enhancement CT scan within one week before DSA. The CTA images of the relevant blood vessels were reconstructed with maximum intensity projection, volume rendering and oblique reformat techniques.

RESULTSCompared with DSA, the detection rate of transverse CT and CTA images for abnormal hepatic vein were 81.7% (58/71) and 95.8% (68/71) (chi(2) = 7.044, P = 0.008), for membranous obstruction were 47.4% (9/19) and 84.2% (16/19) respectively (chi(2) = 5.729, P = 0.017), for segmental obstruction were 88.0% (22/25) and 100% (25/25) respectively (chi(2) = 1.418, P = 0.234). The detection rates for hepatic vein stenosis were 100% with each method. Diffuse hepatomegaly was found in all 6 cases in acute phase and 3 of 19 cases in chronic phase who had severe obstruction of three hepatic veins without patent intrahepatic collaterals. The other 16 cases in chronic phase had hepatatrophia to different extents related to the obstructed hepatic vein. All in acute phase and 15 in chronic phase presented typical patchy enhancement initially in caudate lobe and perihilar areas and enlarged with time delay. In all cases, parenchyma areas with atrophy, necrosis and congestion demonstrated lower and later enhancement. In all the parts, which had normal enhancement at least one patent outflow hepatic vein, accessory hepatic vein or collateral vessel was detected.

CONCLUSIONDynamic enhancement CT examination by multislice spiral CT not only could improve the diagnosis of HVBCS by CTA technique, but also could noninvasively provide anatomical information and reveal damage to the hepatic parenchyma.

Adult ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods