Purpose: To analyze changes in choroidal thickness in patients with recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgical intervention and to identify factors that influence changes in choroidal thickness. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for recurrent RRD from November 2019 to March 2023. Choroidal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. The study analyzed the impact of various factors on choroidal thickness changes. Results: The study included 33 patients, demonstrating a significant decrease in choroidal thickness in the surgical eye compared to the fellow eye over a 6-month period. In the univariate analysis, changes in choroidal thickness were significantly correlated with changes in central retinal thickness (p = 0.048) from baseline to 2 months and with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade from 2 to 6 months (p = 0.009) and from baseline to 6 months (p = 0.020). In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between changes in choroidal thickness from 2 to 6 months and PVR grade (p = 0.030) Conclusions The findings indicate that surgical reattachment in eyes with recurrent RRD leads to a significant reduction in choroidal thickness. The extent of this reduction is influenced by the severity of PVR, highlighting the importance of considering PVR severity when evaluating surgical outcomes in patients with recurrent RRD.

Purpose: To analyze changes in choroidal thickness in patients with recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgical intervention and to identify factors that influence changes in choroidal thickness. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for recurrent RRD from November 2019 to March 2023. Choroidal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. The study analyzed the impact of various factors on choroidal thickness changes. Results: The study included 33 patients, demonstrating a significant decrease in choroidal thickness in the surgical eye compared to the fellow eye over a 6-month period. In the univariate analysis, changes in choroidal thickness were significantly correlated with changes in central retinal thickness (p = 0.048) from baseline to 2 months and with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade from 2 to 6 months (p = 0.009) and from baseline to 6 months (p = 0.020). In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between changes in choroidal thickness from 2 to 6 months and PVR grade (p = 0.030) Conclusions The findings indicate that surgical reattachment in eyes with recurrent RRD leads to a significant reduction in choroidal thickness. The extent of this reduction is influenced by the severity of PVR, highlighting the importance of considering PVR severity when evaluating surgical outcomes in patients with recurrent RRD.

Purpose: To analyze changes in choroidal thickness in patients with recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgical intervention and to identify factors that influence changes in choroidal thickness. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for recurrent RRD from November 2019 to March 2023. Choroidal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. The study analyzed the impact of various factors on choroidal thickness changes. Results: The study included 33 patients, demonstrating a significant decrease in choroidal thickness in the surgical eye compared to the fellow eye over a 6-month period. In the univariate analysis, changes in choroidal thickness were significantly correlated with changes in central retinal thickness (p = 0.048) from baseline to 2 months and with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade from 2 to 6 months (p = 0.009) and from baseline to 6 months (p = 0.020). In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between changes in choroidal thickness from 2 to 6 months and PVR grade (p = 0.030) Conclusions The findings indicate that surgical reattachment in eyes with recurrent RRD leads to a significant reduction in choroidal thickness. The extent of this reduction is influenced by the severity of PVR, highlighting the importance of considering PVR severity when evaluating surgical outcomes in patients with recurrent RRD.

Purpose: To analyze changes in choroidal thickness in patients with recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgical intervention and to identify factors that influence changes in choroidal thickness. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for recurrent RRD from November 2019 to March 2023. Choroidal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. The study analyzed the impact of various factors on choroidal thickness changes. Results: The study included 33 patients, demonstrating a significant decrease in choroidal thickness in the surgical eye compared to the fellow eye over a 6-month period. In the univariate analysis, changes in choroidal thickness were significantly correlated with changes in central retinal thickness (p = 0.048) from baseline to 2 months and with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade from 2 to 6 months (p = 0.009) and from baseline to 6 months (p = 0.020). In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between changes in choroidal thickness from 2 to 6 months and PVR grade (p = 0.030) Conclusions The findings indicate that surgical reattachment in eyes with recurrent RRD leads to a significant reduction in choroidal thickness. The extent of this reduction is influenced by the severity of PVR, highlighting the importance of considering PVR severity when evaluating surgical outcomes in patients with recurrent RRD.

Purpose: To analyze changes in choroidal thickness in patients with recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgical intervention and to identify factors that influence changes in choroidal thickness. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for recurrent RRD from November 2019 to March 2023. Choroidal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. The study analyzed the impact of various factors on choroidal thickness changes. Results: The study included 33 patients, demonstrating a significant decrease in choroidal thickness in the surgical eye compared to the fellow eye over a 6-month period. In the univariate analysis, changes in choroidal thickness were significantly correlated with changes in central retinal thickness (p = 0.048) from baseline to 2 months and with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade from 2 to 6 months (p = 0.009) and from baseline to 6 months (p = 0.020). In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between changes in choroidal thickness from 2 to 6 months and PVR grade (p = 0.030) Conclusions The findings indicate that surgical reattachment in eyes with recurrent RRD leads to a significant reduction in choroidal thickness. The extent of this reduction is influenced by the severity of PVR, highlighting the importance of considering PVR severity when evaluating surgical outcomes in patients with recurrent RRD.

Purpose: To report a modified rectangular loop suture technique for patients with refractory pupillary optic capture after intraocular lens scleral fixation. Methods: A modified rectangular loop suture was performed in four patients with persistent pupillary capture despite medication and laser iridotomy. A loop suture pattern was designed in the two quadrants without the scleral fixation knot. A 2 mm loop suture point was marked 2 mm away from the corneal limbus. The suture point was similarly marked in the opposite quadrants. Small conjunctival incisions were made at a marked point and a non-absorbable 10-0 prolene long needle was passed. The needle was inserted at the 1 o’clock position through the conjunctival incision and passed between the intraocular lens and the iris plane. Then it was withdrawn using a 26-gauge (G) syringe from the 8 o’clock position in the opposite quadrant. Similarly, the needle was passed from the 7 o’clock position under the conjunctiva, and pulled out of the sclera at the 2 o’clock position. It was then passed to the 1 o’clock position under the conjunctiva and a knot was made and buried. The operation was completed without closure of the conjunctival incision. Results: In all four eyes, pupillary optic capture was corrected and remained stable without recurrence for an average of 7.25 months. Conclusions The modified rectangular loop suture may be useful for refractory pupillary capture cases. The procedure is relatively simple and minimizes scleral exposure to the conjunctival suture. It is expected that this may reduce patient discomfort.

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics and treatment results of patients aged ≥ 85 years who were diagnosed with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve nAMD who were ≥ 85 years old at the time of diagnosis with at least 12 months follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. The number of intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and agents used during the entire period were investigated. Best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography results before and after treatment were analyzed. Visual acuity of the fellow eye was also collected. Results: A total of 40 eyes of 40 patients with mean age of 87.5 ± 2.4 were included in the study. The mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity was 0.85 ± 0.57, and the mean of the fellow eye was 0.93 ± 0.99. Compared to before the treatment, there was no significant difference after intravitreal injection in terms of visual acuity. Central retinal thickness showed significant reduction at all time points after treatment. Conclusions In patients aged ≥ 85 years at the time of diagnosis, intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF prevented deterioration of visual acuity and showed successful anatomical outcomes. Especially, many had poor visual acuity in the fellow eye, suggesting the importance of maintaining visual acuity. Therefore, active treatment is necessary in the elderly.

Purpose: We compared corneal higher-order aberration (HOA) measurements between the Pentacam® HR (PC), which uses the Scheimpflug principle, and the iTraceTM aberrometer (IT), which evaluates Placido disc topography. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 109 eyes of 87 patients without a history of ocular surface disease during the period from January 2021 to December 2022; both devices were used on the same day. We calculated the root mean square values (μm) of corneal total HOA and of the corneal 3rd- and 4th-order HOA at a pupil diameter of 4 mm. Data were compared by Bland-Altman plots for agreement analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation analysis. Results: There was no significant difference in the total HOA (p = 0.145), coma (p = 0.309), or secondary astigmatism (p = 0.080) between the PC and IT measurements; all other HOAs significantly differed between devices (p < 0.001). In the correlation analysis, the total HOA (r = 0.605, p < 0.001) and coma (r = 0.634, p < 0.001) were moderately correlated between the two devices; the other HOAs showed low degree of correlations. In the Bland-Altman plot analysis, all HOAs showed low agreement between the two devices. Conclusions Corneal total HOA and coma measured by the two devices were significantly correlated between the two devices, but other HOAs showed significant differences in measurement and low correlations. Therefore, corneal HOA measurements cannot be interpreted interchangeably between the two devices.

Purpose: To evaluate the one-year efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept injection in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20 / 40 or better. Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study. The medical records of patients diagnosed with treatment-naïve PCV were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with an initial BCVA of 20 / 40 or better and who had undergone intravitreal aflibercept injection were included. Patients were treated with three consecutive monthly injections, followed by pro re nata regimen according to the clinician’s discretion at variable interval visits. The proportions of eyes for which BCVA was maintained (≤ 0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution change) or improved at 12 months were evaluated. The changes of BCVA, central subfield macular thickness (CSMT), pigment epithelial detachment, and subretinal fluid also were assessed. Results: A total of 86 eyes were included. The mean number of injections for 12 months of treatment was 5.4 ± 1.7. BCVA was maintained or improved in 94.2% (81 / 86) of cases. Mean BCVA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) had changed from the baseline (0.23 ± 0.09) at 3 months (0.21 ± 0.14), 6 months (0.24 ± 0.22), and 12 months (0.20 ± 0.18), but with no statistical significance. CSMT had improved significantly from the baseline (336.1 ± 97.3 μm) at 3 months (223.6 ± 47.22 μm), 6 months (239.6 ± 64.2 μm), and 12 months (223.8 ± 47.9 μm). Pigment epithelial detachment was observed in 93% of cases at the baseline, 72.1% at 3 months, and 69.8% at 12 months, showing a significant decrease at all observation points. Subretinal fluid was observed in 91.9% of cases at the baseline, 20.9% at 3 months, and 29.1% at 12 months, showing a significant decrease at all observation points. Conclusions In cases of PCV with good visual acuity, intravitreal aflibercept injections decreased CSMT and were effective in maintaining visual acuity.

Purpose: To investigate the use of second AREDS2 formula in patients with intermediate or advanced age-related macular degeneration. Methods: A prospective survey was conducted between December 2019 and July 2020. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions on demographics, disease perception, and formula intake. Results: The survey included 100 patients (males, 56%; age [>60 years], 89%). We found that 66%, 84%, and 93% of patients had a good understanding of their disease, had stopped smoking, and were aware of the need for antioxidant supplements; 58% of patients were aware of the supplement they were prescribed, and 63.8% (37% of total) were using the AREDS2 formula. Only 8% of patients had knowledge regarding the supplement ingredients, and 91% consumed the supplement daily. Patients with long disease duration used supplements less frequently (p < 0.05). Older patients and those with a low education level had a limited perception of the disease (p < 0.05). Conclusions In this prospective survey, some patients consumed supplements other than the AREDS2 formula. Further studies are required to determine ways to increase the use of the AREDS2 formula.