Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Lung transplantation has become the most effective treatment of end-stage lung diseases. Along with persistent optimization of lung transplantation technique and perioperative management, the short-term clinical efficacy after lung transplantation has been significantly improved, whereas the long-term clinical prognosis remains unoptimistic. Besides chronic lung allograft dysfunction, postoperative malignant tumors also threaten the long-term survival of the recipients. Common malignant tumors following lung transplantation include nonmelanoma skin cancer, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and lung cancer. After solid organ transplantation, a large majority of the recipients require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. The intensity of immunosuppressive therapy for the lung transplant recipients is generally higher than other organ transplant recipients. Immunosuppression is the main factor which leads to the impairment of anti-tumor immune monitoring function and promotes the incidence and development of malignant tumors. In this article, the risk factors, prevention and treatment of the most common malignant tumors after lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors following lung transplantation.

Objective:To establish a three-dimensional （3D） quantitative measurement and evaluate the condylar bone remodeling of temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Methods:Pre-and post-treatment cone-beam CT (CBCT) data were obtained from 41 patients ［10 males, 31 females, mean age of (19.7±4.4) years (12-30 years old)］, who visited the Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from November 2014 to August 2019, and diagnosed with acute disc displacement without reduction or disc displacement with reduction, with intermittent locking and treated by manual disc reduction followed by anterior repositioning splint. First, condylar bone remodeling was evaluated according to the number of “double contour image” and qualitatively classified as no remodeling (no double contour image), partial remodeling (1-4 double contour images) and remarkable remodeling (5-6 double contour images). Then, condylar bone remodeling was quantitatively evaluated by CBCT based 3D measurement: segmenting condylar images using a semi-automatic method of the manually preliminary mark combined with watershed algorithm, reconstructing the surface models, superimposing the pre-and post-treatment condylar images and finally calculating the volumetric differences of condyle and condylar head, respectively.Results:The Kappa values of two-dimensional (2D) qualitative evaluation were 0.66-0.87, and 3D quantitative measurements of condyle and condylar head volume were also reliable, with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of intra-observer 0.998/0.941 and inter-observer 0.999/0.942 respectively. The volumetric increment of the condyle and condylar head after treatment was (41.7±90.2) mm3 and (62.8±70.9) mm3, respectively. Eighty-two condyles were divided into three sub-groups: no remodeling (21), partial remodeling (20) and remarkable remodeling (41). Ranking of the volumetric increment of the condyle and condylar head after treatment was as follows: remarkable remodeling group>partial remodeling group>no remodeling group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The 3D quantitative measurement for evaluating condylar bone remodeling had excellent consistency and reliability, which was consistent with the qualitative classification for condylar bone remodeling. The condylar head as a region of interest was more sensitive to the volumetric changes.

The document represented the consensus amongst the professionals from the Society of TMD & Occlusion, Chinese Stomatological Association and provided guidelines with the MRI examination specification and diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular joint disc displacement.

The document represented the consensus amongst the professionals from the Society of TMD & Occlusion, Chinese Stomatological Association and provided guidelines with the cone-beam CT examination specification and diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular disorders.

Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been paid attention greatly by dentists in clinic. Imaging is the most important method for dentists to diagnose TMD correctly. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) and MRI have been demonstrated superiority and necessity that contribute to correctly diagnosis, early diagnosis and follow-up patients. However, there are several significant problems required for professional agreement: the procedures for CBCT and MRI examination need to be standardized; dentists have to be trained regularly for the knowledge of the imaging diagnosis of TMD; it should be emphasized that patient history and clinical examination are much more important for diagnosis, imaging is only a supplement and should not be over used.

Objective: To analyze the MRI characteristics and pathological features of the condylar cyst like lesions in temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively on TMJ images from 14 patients (2 males, 12 females, aged 10-71) who underwent MRI examinations, from January 2015 to December 2017 at Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology including 2 patients with pathological results. The signals of the lesion, condylar bone and disc-condyle relationship were evaluated. Results: Cyst like lesions of 15 condyles from 14 patients were analyzed. All of the lesions showed hypersignal on T2WI (12/12), while most of them showed hypersignal on T1WI (8/11) and PDWI (11/12). Mostly the lesions were surrounded by hyposignal linear margin (12/15), with normal condylar bone signal (13/15). Disk displacement with reduction was discovered in 3 joints, while disk displacement without reduction was discovered in 8 joints and 4 joints had normal disk-condyle relationships. The pathological components of cyst like lesions included cartilage, loose connective tissue, hemorrhage and bone tissue. Conclusions Differed from those of large joints like hips or knees, MRI characteristics of cyst like lesions of condyle in TMJ exhibited hypersignal imaging in both T1WI and T2WI, indicating that the components of cyst like lesions included granulation tissue, not fluid.

Objective:To explore the agonistic CD40 antibody(CD40ScFv and CD40mAb)-mediated suppression of mouse breast cancer cell growth and change in tumor tissue Th1/Th2 balance,as well as the mechanism underlying its antitumor effect.Methods:The re-combinant plasmid containing the CD40ScFv gene fragment was transformed into the Rosetta strain of Escherichia coli to express and purify the recombinant functional CD40ScFv protein.The 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells were cultured in vitro.Balb/C tumor model mice were divided into CD40ScFv,CD40mAb agonist,and saline(NS group)groups,which were administered CD40ScFv,CD40mAb ago-nist,and saline,respectively,to observe the change in tumor volume.The tumor tissues were removed and enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA)was used to determine IL-12 concentration in the tumor tissue supernatants.The tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)were extracted by enzymatic digestion.The proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells in TILs was determined by flow cytometry.Results:The CD40ScFv protein was successfully identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot.The molecular size and concentration of the purified protein were 27kDa and 1.12 mg/mL,respectively.The tumor sizes of the CD40ScFv and CD40mAb groups were(3.044±0.239)cm3and(2.749±0.261)cm3,respectively,which were significantly smaller(P<0.05)than that of the NS group(3.933±0.326)cm3.The tumor IL-12 concentration(determined by ELISA)in the CD40ScFv group(396.27±48.13)pg/mL and the CD40mAb agonist group(457.63±58.37)pg/mL were significantly higher(P<0.05)than that of the NS group(79.51±14.97) pg/mL.The results of flow cytometry showed that the excited Th1/Th2 cell ratios were 6.32±0.87 and 5.54±0.71 for the CD40ScFv and CD40mAb groups,respectively,which were significantly higher(P<0.05)than that of the NS group(1.79±0.38).Conclusions:The agonis-tic CD40 antibody inhibited tumor growth by regulating the Th1/Th2 ratio and IL-12 secretion via promotion of DC activation,which is one of the important mechanisms affecting Th1/Th2 balance in the tumor microenvironment

Objective: To analyze the radiological characteristics of the condylar bone in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction of temporomandibular joint using cone-beam CT (CBCT), and to further investigate the clinical factors possibly associated with the early-stage osteoarthritic changes. Methods: Two hundred and four individuals (≤30 years old) diagnosed as unilateral anterior disc displacement without reduction (disease duration≤1 year) were recruited. CBCT images of bilateral condyles were independently evaluated by two assessors and documented. Correlation between the early-stage osteoarthritic (OA) changes and gender, age, disease duration and mouth opening were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. Results: About sixty percent were presented with OA changes in the symptomatic joints, and most of them (47.1%) (96/204) were early-stage OA changes characterized by loss of continuity of articular cortex (Ⅰ) and/or surface erosion (Ⅱ). Logistics regression analyses indicated that disease duration (P =0.000) and mouth opening (P =0.002) were correlated significantly with early-stage OA changes. Conclusions Disc displacement without reduction was closely related to OA occurrence. OA changes occurred in more than half of the patients after one month of the joint locked and more possibly in patients with increased mouth opening.