BACKGROUND:Confirming the reliability and validity of the My jump 2 application for measuring lower limb vertical stiffness may offer the possibility of it as an alternative to the Kistler three-dimensional force platform for measuring lower limb stiffness. OBJECTIVE:To verify the reliability and validity of the My Jump 2 application in measuring lower limb vertical stiffness of college students. METHODS:The drop jump data of the participants were collected through the Kistler three-dimensional force platform and the My Jump 2 application,and the vertical stiffness of the participants'lower limb vertical stiffness was calculated.The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data measured by the My Jump 2 application and the Kistler three-dimensional force platform,attempting to verify the reliability of the My Jump 2 application.The bias and average between the two devices were drawn into a Bland-Altman diagram to verify the consistency between the two test methods.Finally,the test-retest reliability of the My Jump 2 applications at 30 cm and 40 cm was analyzed using the Cronbach's alpha(α)and coefficient of variation.Pearson product-moment correlation was used to analyze the correlation of My Jump 2 applications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:My Jump 2 application has high reliability and validity when measuring the vertical stiffness of the lower limb.At the same time,due to its advantages of low cost,convenient portability and field testing for large samples,it can be used as an alternative to the Kistler three-dimensional force platform to test the vertical stiffness of the lower limb in college students and similar populations.

In recent years， the potential anti-tumor effects of metformin have attracted widespread attention in the field of cancer treatment. This article summarizes the research progress of metformin in the treatment of malignant tumors，finding its potential application in the treatment of malignant tumors in the digestive system （biliary tract cancer，gastric cancer，esophagus cancer，colorectal cancer，pancreatic cancer，liver cancer） and reproductive system （prostate cancer，ovarian cancer，breast cancer， cervical cancer），non-small cell lung cancer，renal cell carcinoma，and melanoma. Metformin can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and extend the overall survival of patients. Its mechanisms of action include，but are not limited to，inhibiting the activity of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ，activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/p53 signaling pathway，and blocking the cell cycle. Additionally，the combined use of metformin with chemotherapy drugs has shown potential for reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy. It can enhance the sensitivity of biliary tract cancer，ovarian cancer，and melanoma cells to chemotherapy drugs， improve the drug resistance of gastric and colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapy，and reduce the toxic reactions of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy. Metformin is also used as an immunomodulator，applied in the immunotherapy of patients with esophagus cancer，colorectal cancer，cervical cancer，non-small cell lung cancer，and melanoma.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Purpose/Significance Disease description texts are analyzed to reach a deeper understanding of the current status of on-line consultations for sleep disorders and the thematic characteristics of users with sleep disorders.Method/Process Data about sleep dis-orders from"haodf.com"website is collected by using a web crawler.Furthermore,the main themes about patients'description are i-dentified by the latent Dirichlet allocation(LDA)model.Result/Conclusion The departments of sleep disorders are more dispersed,and the main treatment is drug therapy.Online consultations could improve 83.2％of patients'condition.The themes of patients's disease descriptions include medication and consultation,external environment,description of symptoms,surrogate questions and causes.It is suggested that the platform and doctors should pay attention to the prognosis of patients'medication and mental health status,and pay at-tention to the popularization of comorbidities.

Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang is a classical prescription for the treatment of chest impediment with the method of warming Yang. It is included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine （First Batch）， with the effect of activating Yang， dissipating mass， moving Qi and resolving phlegm. Its main symptoms include chest fullness and pain， or even chest pain radiating to the back， wheezing， coughing， shortness of breath， and Qi reversal from the hypochondrium. In modern traditional Chinese medicine， Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang is clinically used in the treatment of cardiovascular system， digestive system， respiratory system and other diseases， among which coronary heart disease， unstable angina pectoris， myocardial infarction， sinus bradycardia and other cardiovascular diseases have particularly significant effects. This paper reviewed the pharmacological studies of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang in the past 10 years. The results showed that each single medicine and the whole prescription alleviated the above cardiovascular diseases to a certain extent， with the pharmacological effects of improving intravascular environment， myocardial ischemia， myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury， and myocardial hypoxia， anti-inflammation， plaque stabilisation， etc.， and the pharmacological mechanism involved the regulation of relevant active substances in vivo as well as related signaling pathways and ion channels， mainly including thromboxane B₂ （TXB₂）， prostacyclin I₂（PGI₂） and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase （PI3K/Akt/eNOS） signaling pathways， and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. In addition， the relationship between the pharmacological effects of some single medicines and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 （TRPA1） has been reported that TRPA1 is a key to understanding the mechanism of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang in treating cardiovascular diseases， which is worth of further study.

BACKGROUND: Cholecystectomy is a standard surgery for patients suffering from gallbladder diseases, while the causal effects of cholecystectomy on colorectal cancer (CRC) and other complications are still unknown. METHODS: We obtained genetic variants associated with cholecystectomy at a genome-wide significant level ( P value <5 × 10 -8 ) as instrumental variables (IVs) and performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify the complications of cholecystectomy. Furthermore, the cholelithiasis was also treated as the exposure to compare its causal effects to those of cholecystectomy, and multivariable MR analysis was carried out to judge whether the effect of cholecystectomy was independent of cholelithiasis. The study was reported based on Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization guidelines. RESULTS: The selected IVs explained 1.76% variance of cholecystectomy. Our MR analysis suggested that cholecystectomy cannot elevate the risk of CRC (odds ratio [OR] =1.543, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.607-3.924). Also, it was not significant in either colon or rectum cancer. Intriguingly, cholecystectomy might decrease the risk of Crohn's disease (OR = 0.078, 95% CI: 0.016-0.368) and coronary heart disease (OR = 0.352, 95% CI: 0.164-0.756). However, it might increase the risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (OR = 7.573, 95% CI: 1.096-52.318). Cholelithiasis could increase the risk of CRC in the largest population (OR = 1.041, 95% CI: 1.010-1.073). The multivariable MR analysis suggested that genetic liability to cholelithiasis could increase the risk of CRC in the largest population (OR = 1.061, 95% CI: 1.002-1.125) after adjustment of cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that cholecystectomy might not increase the risk of CRC, but such a conclusion needs further proving by clinical equivalence. Additionally, it might increase the risk of IBS, which should be paid attention to in clinical practice.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Cholelithiasis/complications* ; Cholecystectomy/adverse effects* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective:To explore the risk assessment and prevention management of hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) in plateau area.Methods:This was a prospective observational study. A total of 200 patients hospitalized for acute medical diseases or surgery in the People′s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region from May to June 2022 were consecutively enrolled. Padua score or Caprini risk assessment model was used for dynamic risk assessment and stratification of VTE in all patients. At the same time, bleeding risk was assessed according to age, complications, trauma history, drug therapy, invasive procedures and other factors. The implementation of mechanical and/or drug prophylaxis was dynamically recorded during hospitalization. The change of VTE risk and prevention during hospitalization were the primary outcome, and the occurrence of HA-VTE events and bleeding events during hospitalization or within 90 days after enrollment were the secondary outcome.Results:A total of 196 patients were enrolled in the study, including 130 (66.3%) in internal medicine and 66 (33.7%) in surgery. There were 64 (49.2 %) and 27 (40.9%) patients with high risk of VTE within 1 day after admission among medical and surgical patients, respectively. During hospitalization, 58 (44.6%) and 49 (74.2%) patients with high risk of VTE were re-evaluated among medical and surgical patients, respectively. There were 39 (30.0%) medical patients and 54 (81.8%) surgical patients who had an increased risk of VTE due to changes in their conditions. In terms of VTE prevention, 32 patients (16.3%) received VTE prophylaxis, only 17 medical patients (8.7%) with high risk of VTE received drug prophylaxis, and 2 patients (1.0%) with high risk of VTE developed HA-VTE events after drug prophylaxis. A total of 8 (4.1%) surgical patients received drug prophylaxis, of which 1 (0.5%) received mechanical prophylaxis at the same time, and no surgical patients experienced HA-VTE events after prophylaxis. HA-VTE events occurred in 11 patients (5.6%) during hospitalization or within 90 days after enrollment.Conclusion:Considering the complex and changeable risk factors of VTE, insufficient VTE prevention and high incidence of HA-VTE in hospitalized patients in plateau areas, Padua score and Caprini risk assessment model are recommended for early, dynamic and full VTE risk assessment of patients, so as to standardize the VTE prevention and improve the quality of health management of hospitalized patients in plateau areas.

Objective To construct oligomeric hyaluronic acid(5 KDa)-modified ellagic acid-loaded liposomes(EA-HA-L)to improve the aqueous solubility,in vitro transdermal effect and whitening activity of ellagic acid.Methods Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified cholesterol(HA-Chol)was prepared by esterification reaction and structurally characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR;Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified ellagic acid-loaded liposomes were prepared by film dispersion-ultrasound method,and the prescribing process was optimized by Box-Behnken design-response surface method,and the particle sizes,the polydispersity index(PDI),zeta potential and encapsulation rate of liposomes under the optimal prescribing process were determined;the difference in solubility between EA-HA-L and free EA was evaluated;in vitro transdermal effect of liposomes were investigated using rat abdominal skin;inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and intracellular tyrosinase in mouse melanoma cells(B16-F10)was surveyed via dopa oxidation method.Results HA-Chol was synthesized and characterized;the optimized prescription process was mass ratio of 10:1 for soy phospholipids to HA-Chol,lipid-drug ratio of 40:1,hydration temperature of 30℃,hydration time of 60 min,ultrasound intensity of 35％,ultrasound time of 21 min,and the particle size of EA-HA-L produced under the optimized prescription process was(140.30±1.30)nm,PDI was(0.29±0.01),the encapsulation rate of ellagic acid was 91.16％±3.06％,and the zeta potential was(-5.67±0.09)mV;after EA was encapsulated by liposomes,the solubility of EA in water increased by about 40-fold;the cumulative transdermal amount of EA-HA-L was 46.98±2.17 μg·cm-2 in 24 h,and the intradermal retention was 66.15±0.61 μg·cm-2,which was 1.72 times higher than that of free EA(P<0.0001)and 1.23 times higher than plain liposome(EA-L)(P<0.01);and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of EA-HA-L was higher than that of both free EA and EA-L in the EA concentration range of 50-400 μg·mL-1.Conclusion Oligomeric hyaluronic acid-modified ellagic acid-loaded liposomes with small particle size and high encapsulation rate were successfully prepared.EA-HA-L significantly improved the water solubility of EA and possessed better transdermal effect and stronger whitening activity than free EA and EA-L.

Lung transplantation has become the most effective treatment of end-stage lung diseases. Along with persistent optimization of lung transplantation technique and perioperative management, the short-term clinical efficacy after lung transplantation has been significantly improved, whereas the long-term clinical prognosis remains unoptimistic. Besides chronic lung allograft dysfunction, postoperative malignant tumors also threaten the long-term survival of the recipients. Common malignant tumors following lung transplantation include nonmelanoma skin cancer, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and lung cancer. After solid organ transplantation, a large majority of the recipients require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. The intensity of immunosuppressive therapy for the lung transplant recipients is generally higher than other organ transplant recipients. Immunosuppression is the main factor which leads to the impairment of anti-tumor immune monitoring function and promotes the incidence and development of malignant tumors. In this article, the risk factors, prevention and treatment of the most common malignant tumors after lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors following lung transplantation.

Estrogen receptor (esr) mediates the effects of estrogen on the expression of related genes, thereby regulating the growth and reproduction of mammals. To investigate the effect of retrotransposon insertion polymorphism (RIP) of the porcine esr gene on porcine growth performance, retrotransposon insertion polymorphism of the esr gene were predicted by comparative genomics and bioinformatics, and PCR was used to verify the insertion polymorphisms in different porcine breeds. Finally, the correlation analysis between the genotypes and performance of Large White pigs was conducted. The results showed that four retrotransposon polymorphic sites were identified in the esr1 and esr2 genes, which are esr1-SINE- RIP1 located in intron 2 of the esr1 gene, esr1-LINE-RIP2 and RIP3-esr1- SINE located in intron 5 of the gene, and esr2-LINE-RIP located in intron 1 of the esr2 gene, respectively. Among them, insertion of a 287 bp of SINE into intron 2 of the esr1 gene significantly affected (P<0.05) the live back fat thickness and 100 kg body weight back fat thickness of Large White pigs. Moreover, the live back fat thickness and back fat thickness at 100 kg body weight of homozygous with insertion (SINE+/+) was significantly greater than that of heterozygous with insertion (SINE+/-) and homozygous without insertion (SINE-/-). Therefore, esr1-SINE-RIP1 could be used as a molecular marker to assist the selection of deposition traits in Large White pigs.
Animals ; Genotype ; Introns/genetics* ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics* ; Retroelements/genetics* ; Swine/genetics*