ObjectiveBased on the theory of "gut-prostate" axis， this study explored the effects and mechanisms of Zishen Tongguan formula and Cinnamomi Cortex in the formula in treating rats with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis（CNP） by detecting the levels of inflammatory factors， and the composition and structure of intestinal flora in CNP rats. MethodsEight out of 42 SD rats were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining rats were injected with carrageenan to prepare the CNP model. After successful modeling， 32 rats were randomly divided into the model group， Ningmitai capsule group（0.50 g·kg^-1）， Zishen Tongguan formula group（2.00 g·kg^-1）， and the Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma pair group（PCC-AR group， 2.00 g·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. The administered groups were given the corresponding medicinal solution by gavage， and the normal and model groups were intragastrically administered with an equal volume of normal saline， once a day for 14 consecutive days. The prostate tissues of rats were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and Masson staining to observe the pathological changes of the tissues in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of related inflammatory factors in rat serum， and 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the abundance and diversity changes of gut microbiota before and after administration， and species difference analysis was performed. ResultsAll the administered groups could alleviate the inflammatory symptoms of CNP rats， increase the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors and decrease the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors， with the most sIgnificant effect observed in the Zishen Tongguan formula group. Compared with the normal group， the expression levels of interleukin（IL）-8， hypersensitive C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）， immunoglobulin（Ig）M， secretory IgA （sIgA）， and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS） were sIgnificantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of the above inflammatory factors in all administered groups were significantly reduced（P<0.01）. When compared with the PCC-AR group， the Zishen Tongguan formula group showed a significant decrease in transforming growth factor（TGF）-β₁ expression level（P<0.05） and a significant increase in IgM expression level（P<0.01）. The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that， compared with the PCC-AR group， at the order level， the Zishen Tongguan formula group significantly reduced the relative abundance of conditional pathogens such as Bacteroidales， Acidaminococcales， Rhodospirillales， Clostridiales， and Elusimicrobiales（P<0.01）. And at the genus level， the Zishen Tongguan formula group significantly decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic microbiota such as Lachnospira and Bacteroides（P<0.01） and significantly increased the relative abundances of beneficial microbiota such as Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus（P<0.01）. ConclusionZishen Tongguan formula can reduce the level of harmful intestinal bacteria， increase the level of beneficial intestinal bacteria， down-regulate the expression of serum inflammatory factors， and the small amount of Cinnamomi Cortex in the formula may play a key role in the treatment of CNP with this formula.

ObjectiveBased on the theory of "gut-prostate" axis， this study explored the effects and mechanisms of Zishen Tongguan formula and Cinnamomi Cortex in the formula in treating rats with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis（CNP） by detecting the levels of inflammatory factors， and the composition and structure of intestinal flora in CNP rats. MethodsEight out of 42 SD rats were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining rats were injected with carrageenan to prepare the CNP model. After successful modeling， 32 rats were randomly divided into the model group， Ningmitai capsule group（0.50 g·kg^-1）， Zishen Tongguan formula group（2.00 g·kg^-1）， and the Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Anemarrhenae Rhizoma pair group（PCC-AR group， 2.00 g·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. The administered groups were given the corresponding medicinal solution by gavage， and the normal and model groups were intragastrically administered with an equal volume of normal saline， once a day for 14 consecutive days. The prostate tissues of rats were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and Masson staining to observe the pathological changes of the tissues in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of related inflammatory factors in rat serum， and 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the abundance and diversity changes of gut microbiota before and after administration， and species difference analysis was performed. ResultsAll the administered groups could alleviate the inflammatory symptoms of CNP rats， increase the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors and decrease the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors， with the most sIgnificant effect observed in the Zishen Tongguan formula group. Compared with the normal group， the expression levels of interleukin（IL）-8， hypersensitive C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）， immunoglobulin（Ig）M， secretory IgA （sIgA）， and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS） were sIgnificantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of the above inflammatory factors in all administered groups were significantly reduced（P<0.01）. When compared with the PCC-AR group， the Zishen Tongguan formula group showed a significant decrease in transforming growth factor（TGF）-β₁ expression level（P<0.05） and a significant increase in IgM expression level（P<0.01）. The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that， compared with the PCC-AR group， at the order level， the Zishen Tongguan formula group significantly reduced the relative abundance of conditional pathogens such as Bacteroidales， Acidaminococcales， Rhodospirillales， Clostridiales， and Elusimicrobiales（P<0.01）. And at the genus level， the Zishen Tongguan formula group significantly decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic microbiota such as Lachnospira and Bacteroides（P<0.01） and significantly increased the relative abundances of beneficial microbiota such as Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus（P<0.01）. ConclusionZishen Tongguan formula can reduce the level of harmful intestinal bacteria， increase the level of beneficial intestinal bacteria， down-regulate the expression of serum inflammatory factors， and the small amount of Cinnamomi Cortex in the formula may play a key role in the treatment of CNP with this formula.

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effects of Shangke xiaoyan hydrogel plaster on osteoarthritis （OA） model rats. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， voltaren group （200 mg/rat）， Shangke xiaoyan ointment group （500 mg/rat， containing Shangke xiaoyan fluid extract 50 mg） and Shangke xiaoyan hydrogel plaster group （200 mg/rat， containing Shangke xiaoyan fluid extract 50 mg）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for blank group， OA model was established in the other groups by injecting papain and L-cysteine into the right knee joint cavity of the rats； they applied the corresponding drugs， and changed the dressing once a day， for 14 consecutive days. The degree of knee joint swelling in rats was detected， and the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the knee joint in rats were observed； the levels of interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF- α） in rat serum were detected； the pathological and morphological characteristics of knee joint tissue were observed， and the histopathological and cartilage Mankin scores were performed； the protein expressions of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in knee joint tissue were all detected. RESULTS Compared with blank group， severe joint swelling， obvious joint effusion and patchy wear of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus were observed in model group； the serum levels of IL-1β， IL-6， IL-18 and TNF- α and histopathological score and Mankin score were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； protein expressions of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in knee joint tissue were increased. Compared with model group， the knee swelling degree of the rats in Shangke xiaoyan hydrogel plaster group was reduced， a small amount 　　 of joint cavity effusion could be seen， and the shape of the meniscus was completely normal； the histopathological score E-mail：frankyan@cpu.edu.cn and Mankin score were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）levels of inflammatory factors in serum were reduced （P＜0.05） and those of knee tissue were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Shangke xiaoyan hydrogel plaster can improve OA of rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with reducing the levels of inflammatory factors in joint and serum.

Objective:To compare the postoperative effects of double eyelid surgery with different exophthalmos to find its influence on the surgery and necessary changes in preoperative design and during operation.Methods:A total of 50 female patients with single eyelid seeking beauty from June 2021 to March 2022 were selected from the Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The ocular protrusion was measured by HETEL ophthalmostatometer before surgery. Both eyes at 12-15 mm were taken as normal group ( n=26), both eyes at 16-18 mm as mild protrusion group ( n=14) and both eyes at 19-22 mm as severe protrusion group ( n=10). All the patients were treated with double-eyelid surgery by orbital septum and unified postoperative nursing. Results:After six months of follow-up, there was no difference in eyelid width with closed eyes (all P>0.05). The width of double eyelid with open eyes in normal group was smaller than that in mild protrusion group ( F=23.23, all P<0.05), and the width of double eyelid with open eyes in mild protrusion group was smaller than that in severe protrusion group ( F=47.70, all P<0.05). There was no difference in the improvement rate of facial aesthetics among the three groups ( P>0.05). The " feeling of meet" and scar formation in the normal group were less than those in the mild protrusion group ( F=16.92, F=33.45, all P<0.05), and the " feeling of meet" and scar formation in the mild protrusion group were less than those in the severe protrusion group ( F=27.93, F=28.53, all P<0.05). The improvement rate of normal group was higher than that of mild and severe protrusion group (χ 2=7.25, 7.89, all P<0.05). There was no difference in the improvement rate between the mild and severe protrusion groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In clinical practice, it is necessary to make corresponding changes in the preoperative design and operation of double eyelid surgery for patients with high eyeball protrusion.

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Abnormality of autophagy is related to many human diseases, which provides a new clue to the pathophysiology of human cancer. However, the role of autophagy in normal liver physiology and the pathogenesis of liver diseases need to be further clarified. This article reviews the role of autophagy in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and the molecular mechanisms.

Femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition characterized by abnormal anatomical structures of the femoral head and/or acetabulum, leading to impingement between the proximal femur and the rim of the acetabulum during hip movement. This impingement causes damage to the acetabular cartilage, labrum, chronic hip pain, and limited range of motion. The diagnosis of this condition requires evaluation based on symptoms, physical signs, and imaging examinations. Among these, imaging plays a crucial role in assessing the pathology of FAI. In recent years, imaging techniques have contributed to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying FAI and the development of hip-preserving surgeries. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the imaging-related diagnosis and measurement of FAI. X-ray films include pelvic anteroposterior view, false-profile view and 45°Dunn view. Doctors can understand the anatomical morphology of the femur and acetabulum by measuring relevant indicators in the X-ray films. For example, the α Angle of the femur >50°-60 ° in the pelvic anteroposterior view can indicate CAM-type FAI. However, the crisscross sign, posterior wall sign and LCE Angle >40° suggest Pincer type FAI. The ACE Angle, which reflects the anterior coverage of the acetabulum, was mainly measured on the false-profile view. The ACE Angle <20° is considered as insufficient anterior acetabular coverage, and acetabular dysplasia may be present.If it >40° is the anterior acetabular overcoverage, suggesting pincer-type FAI. The 45°Dunn view is mainly used to show the femoral head and neck deformity at 3 o'clock, where the femoroacetabular impingement is obvious. This position has a good indication effect for CAM-type FAI. CT can show the shape of the hip joint more intuitively by three-dimensional reconstruction of the patient's hip joint, which is convenient for surgical planning and postoperative evaluation. In addition, CT can also be used for the differential diagnosis of external hip impingement, such as ischiofemoral impingement, anterior inferior iliac spine impingement and greatertrochanteric impingement. MR Has excellent soft tissue imaging ability and can show other lesions that are difficult to be found by X-ray and CT, such as acetabular labrum and cartilage injury. It is essential for preoperative evaluation. Appropriate imaging examination plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of FAI.

Objective  To study the effects of fine particulate matter(PM_2.5) on the autophagy in human melanocytes. Methods PM_2.5 was collected in Huanggang city. Then the water-soluble extracts and non-water-soluble extracts were isolated and the melanocytes were exposed to a W-PM_2.5 or NW-PM_2.5 with various concentrations. Autophagy of melanocytes was observed by MDC staining, and the expression of LC3-II /I were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results With the increase of concentration of W-PM_2.5 and NW-PM_2.5, the expression of melanocyte autophagosome and LC3-II /I increased, and the autophagy response was significantly enhanced（P<0.01）.In addition, the results of western blot showed that, at the same concentration, NW-PM_2.5 components had a stronger effect on promoting LC3II/I expression than W-PM_2.5 components（P<0.01）.Conclusion PM_2.5 can induce oxidative stress injury and excessive autophagy of melanocytes.

Objective:To describe a systematic approach on identification of poisonous mushroom by investigating two cases of Omphalotus guepiniformis poisoning in Jianyang district, Nanping, Fujian province. Methods:Two incidents of food poisoning on 10 migrant workers were investigated. The remaining suspected mushroom samples were collected and the same fresh mushroom specimens were also collected in the following field investigations from the same dead tree and fallen trunk. These mushroom specimens were identified based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses.Results:On November 24 and 26, 2018, 8 and 2 migrant workers from Jianyang District, Nanping ate wild mushrooms and developed acute nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and other symptoms within 10 to 90 min after consumption. They were diagnosed as mushroom poisoning, with gastroenteritis as the main manifestation. Further analysis showed that the more poisonous mushroom were consumed, the shorter latency and longer duration of nausea and vomiting were resulted. After admission, gastric lavage, catharsis, acid preparation, gastric protection, fluid replenishment and other symptomatic support treatments were given in time, all patients were discharged in 1-3 d. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, the samples were identified as O. guepiniformis. Conclusions:The two incidents were caused by accidental consumption of O. guepiniformis. Awareness education about poisonous mushroom should be provided to migrant workers to prevent more such poisoning incidents in the future.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of facial dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red blue light in the treatment of acne pitting scar.Methods Selected from June 2013 to April 2016 hospital dermatology outpatients,98 cases of facial acne pitting scar were retrospectively analyzed,in which 50 cases of patients with facial acne dermabrasion were treated with red and blue light treatment (combined group),48 patients only choose facial acne dermabrasion treatment (control group),then treatment effect was compared between the two groups.Results At 3 months after operation,the ECCA score and mean sag depth of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the preoperative (t=23.208 and 18.586,P＜0.001).The ECCA score of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=7.039,P＜0.05);The healing rate was 80％,which was significantly higher than those in the control group (56.25％) (x2 =6.387,P＜0.05);after 1 months and 3 months;the subjective satisfaction scores of the patients in the combined group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=3.318 and 3.776,P＜0.05);Patients in the combined group were significantly earlier than the control group (t =4.419,P＜0.05);the incidence of edema and erythema was significantly lower in the combined group than in the control group (x2 =5.096,P＜0.05).Conclusions Facial acne dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red and blue light treatment is superior to the single use of dermabrasion.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between serum HBV DNA level and HBsAg titer in hepatitis B e antigen positive pregnant women without antiviral therapy, and investigate the impact of genomic variability of preS/S regions on their correlations. Methods: Prenatal serum samples from 882 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection who were positive for HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA and were not on antiviral therapy were included in the analysis. The Abbott i2000 and m2000 systems were used to qualitatively or quantitatively detect HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels, respectively. HBV genotyping was performed using a type-specific primer nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). In addition, serum samples of pregnant women with HBV DNA levels correlated with HBsAg titer and HBV DNA levels higher than HBsAg titers were used to perform preS/S region amplification by nPCR method. PCR products were directly sequenced and mutation sites were analyzed by MEGA6.0 stasticial software. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the measurement data, and 2-test test for count data. Correlations between variables were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: Serum HBsAg titer of HBeAg-positive pregnant women was positively correlated with HBV DNA level (r = 0.754, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, mutation sites A60V (100% vs. 15.38%, χ² = 7.61, P < 0.01), V90A (100% vs. 30.77%, χ² = 4.43, P < 0.05) and I161T of HBV preS/S region (80.00% vs. 0, χ² = 9.14, P < 0.01) showed a significant decrease in HBsAg titer. Conclusion Serum HBV DNA levels were positively correlated with HBsAg titer in HBeAg-positive pregnant women. Therefore, serum HBsAg titer may be used as a surrogate marker of serum HBV DNA. Single or multiple amino acid mutations sites A60V, V90A, and I161T in preS/S region may be one of the reasons that lead to a significant drop in HBsAg titer and affect its correlation with HBV DNA levels.