As a mature organ transplantation surgery, kidney transplantation has become the best means for treating end-stage renal diseases and improves the quality of survival of patients. However, there are still many challenges after kidney transplantation, such as rejection, infection, ischemia-reperfusion injury and fibrosis of transplant kidney, which seriously affect the efficacy of kidney transplantation. With the development of translational medicine, regenerative medicine, biomaterials and other emerging fields, Chinese research teams continue to work hard and publish many bright researches to solve various clinical problems related to kidney transplantation. This article reviews the basic and clinical frontiers of kidney transplantation in 2022 as well as the new techniques and advances in the field of transplantation, focuses on the achievements made by the Chinese team in the field of transplantation in 2022, and provides ideas for solving the major clinical problems of kidney transplantation from the perspective of localization to promote the further development of kidney transplantation in China.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of perioperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in lung cancer patients with high-risk coronary heart disease undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. Methods The clinical dataof 1 647 high-risk coronary heart disease patients diagnosed with lung cancer undergoing lobectomy in our hospital was analyzed, and performed Framingham scoring. High-risk patients (score＞ 20％) were included in the study, and the periopertive major adverse cardiac events was defined as primary endpoint. The risk factors of MACE were analyzed. Results Perioperative MACE occurred in 26. 4％ of lung cancer patients with high-risk coronary heart disease undergoing lobectomy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that hypertension, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), diabetes, age, coronary angiography, stroke, smoking index in descending sequence were independent risk factors of perioperative cardiac events in lung cancer patients. While shorter operative time, coronary angiography and clinical intervention was protective factor. Conclusion Lung cancer patients with high-risk coronary heart disease undergoing lobectomy has higher risk of perioperative MACE. Preoperative sufficient cardiac risk scores, coronary angiography andclinical interventioncan reduce the incidence of perioperative MACE in lung cancer patients with high-risk coronary heart disease.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of perioperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in lung cancer patients with high-risk coronary heart disease undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. Methods The clinical dataof 1 647 high-risk coronary heart disease patients diagnosed with lung cancer undergoing lobectomy in our hospital was analyzed, and performed Framingham scoring. High-risk patients (score＞ 20％) were included in the study, and the periopertive major adverse cardiac events was defined as primary endpoint. The risk factors of MACE were analyzed. Results Perioperative MACE occurred in 26. 4％ of lung cancer patients with high-risk coronary heart disease undergoing lobectomy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that hypertension, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), diabetes, age, coronary angiography, stroke, smoking index in descending sequence were independent risk factors of perioperative cardiac events in lung cancer patients. While shorter operative time, coronary angiography and clinical intervention was protective factor. Conclusion Lung cancer patients with high-risk coronary heart disease undergoing lobectomy has higher risk of perioperative MACE. Preoperative sufficient cardiac risk scores, coronary angiography andclinical interventioncan reduce the incidence of perioperative MACE in lung cancer patients with high-risk coronary heart disease.

Endophytic fungi strains (n = 81) were isolated from the leaves, barks, and fruits of Camellia oleifera from Hunan province (China) to delineate their species composition and potential as biological control agents of C. oleifera anthracnose. The fungi were identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Fungal colonization rates of the leaves, barks, and fruits were 58.02, 27.16, and 14.81%, respectively. The isolates were identified as 14 genera, belonging to two subdivisions, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycotina; 87.65% of all isolates belonged to Deuteromycotina. The dominant species, occurring with a high relative frequency, were Pestalotiopsis sp. (14.81%), Penicillium sp. (14.81%), and Fusarium sp. (12.35%). The Simpson’s and Shannon’s diversity indices revealed the highest species diversity in the leaves, followed by the barks and fruits. The similarity index for the leaves versus barks comparison was the highest, indicating that the number of endophytic fungal species shared by the leaves and barks was higher than barks and fruits or leaves and fruits. Based on the results of dual culture experiments, only five strains exhibited antifungal activity against C. oleifera anthracnose pathogen, with isolate ty-64 (Oidium sp.) generating the broadest inhibition zones. Our results indicate that the endophytes associated with C. oleifera could be employed as natural agents controlling C. oleifera anthracnose.
Biological Control Agents ; Camellia* ; Colon ; Endophytes ; Fruit ; Fungi* ; Fusarium ; Penicillium

Objective To evaluate the effect of MDR1 gene polymorphisms on the neuromuscular block of rocuronium. Methods One hundred thirty-five patients, aged 18-50 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg∕m2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 006 mg∕kg, sufentanil 07 μg∕kg, propofol(target plasma concentration 6 μg∕ml)and remifentanil(target plasma concentration 6 ng∕ml). After the patients lost consciousness, neuromuscular block was assessed with TOF-Watch SX accelerometer, and rocuronium 06 mg∕kg was intravenously injec-ted. Anesthesia was maintained by target-controlled infusion of propofol(target plasma concentration 3-5 μg∕ml)and remifentanil(target plasma concentration 3-6 ng∕ml). Rocuronium 015 mg∕kg was added when T1reached 25% of control. The onset time of rocuronium, maintenance time of induction dose, main-tenance time of additional dose and recovery index were recorded. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for MDR1 genotype(MDR1 1236 C>T and 3435 C>T)analysis using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results For MDR1 1236 C>T genotype, there were 19 cases of MDR1 1236 CC genotype, 72 cases of MDR1 1236 TT genotype, 44 cases of MDR1 1236 CT genotype. Compared with patients of MDR1 1236 CC, the maintenance time of induction dose, maintenance time of additional dose and recovery index were significantly prolonged in patients of MDR1 1236 TT and CT geno-types(P<005). For MDR1 3435 C>T genotype, there were 58 cases of MDR1 3435 CC genotype, 55 cases of MDR1 3435 TT genotype, 22 cases of MDR1 3435 TC genotype. There was no significant differ-ence in maintenance time of induction dose, maintenance time of additional dose and recovery index among patients of different MDR1 3435 C>T genotypes(P>005). Conclusion MDR1 1236 C>T gene poly-morphisms affects the neuromuscular block of rocuronium, and the genetic factor may be one of the reasons contributing to the individual variation in the efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo screen the microRNAs involved in colon cancer proliferation and to investigate the expression and regulating function of target miRNA in colon cancer.

METHODSMitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM), which was proved to be an oncogene to colon cancer in prior study, was used as target gene. The microRNAs involved in colon cancer proliferation were screened with miRWalk 2.0 software. The expression of screened miRNAs was examined in 30 samples of colon cancer tissue, para-cancer tissue, normal colon cell strain, and 3 colon cancer strains (SW480, HT-29, and HCT116) by real-time PCR. MiR-204 presenting lowest expression was selected to further study in SW480 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assays was performed to examine the association of TFAM with miR-204. Anti-miR-204 lentivirus and miR-240 lentivirus were used to down-regulate and up-regulate miR-204 expression respectively. Change of TFAM protein expression in SW480 cells was detected by Western blotting, and change of SW480 cells proliferation was detected by MTT and BrdU assay after lentivirus transfection.

RESULTSAfter screening, the candidate miRNAs were miR-204, miR-211, miR-214, miR-381 and miR-590-3p. Expressions of miR-204, miR-211, miR-214 and miR-381 were lower, but miR-590-3p expression was higher, in colon cancer tissues than those in para-cancer tissues(all P<0.05). Meanwhile expressions of above 4 miRNAs(miR-204, miR-211, miR-214 and miR-381) were also lower, but miR-590-3p expression was higher as well, in SW480, HT-29 and HCT116 cells compared to normal colon cells(all P<0.05). Among above 4 miRNAs, miR-204 showed the lowest expression in both colon cancer tissues and cell lines. Expression of miR-204 was negatively correlated with TFAM expression in colon cancer tissues(P<0.05). Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed TFAM could be integrated with miR-204 directly, suggesting TFAM as the direct target of miR-204. After up-regulating miR-204 by lentivirus, expression of TFAM decreased and proliferation increased in SW480 cells(all P<0.05). After down-regulating miR-204 by lentivirus, expression of TFAM increased and proliferation decreased in SW480 cells(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMiR-204 inhibits TFAM expression and up-regulates the proliferation of colon cancer cells SW480.

Objective To summarise the clinicopathologic features and survival of gastric cancer at different tumor locations.Methods A total of 942 adult gastric cancer patients undergoing curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,and examined retrospectively.In all cases,patients' age,gender,pTNM stage and survival time were identified and recorded.Results There were 208 carcinoma cases at gastroesophageal junction (GEJ,22.1％),261 fundus/body cases (27.7％),445 antrum/pylorus cases (47.2％) and 28 whole stomach cases (3.0％).Compared with fundus/body and antrum/pylorus carcinoma,GEJ carcinomas were more often seen in males,among older patients,with larger tumor size and deeper infiltrated tumors,higher stage and worse 5-year disease-free survivals.Whole stomach carcinoma had predilection in female,younger patients,and at later stages and worst 5-year disease-free survival.Conclusions Gastric carcinomas differ greatly in biologic behavior and prognosis by anatomic locations.GEJ carcinoma has independent biologic features.Whole stomach carcinoma is of the highest malignancy and worst prognosis.

Objective To screen the microRNAs involved in colon cancer proliferation and to investigate the expression and regulating function of target miRNA in colon cancer. Methods Mitochondrial transcription factor A ﹙TFAM), which was proved to be an oncogene to colon cancer in prior study, was used as target gene. The microRNAs involved in colon cancer proliferation were screened with miRWalk 2.0 software. The expression of screened miRNAs was examined in 30 samples of colon cancer tissue, para-cancer tissue, normal colon cell strain, and 3 colon cancer strains﹙SW480, HT-29, and HCT116) by real-time PCR. MiR-204 presenting lowest expression was selected to further study in SW480 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assays was performed to examine the association of TFAM with miR-204. Anti-miR-204 lentivirus and miR-240 lentivirus were used to down-regulate and up-regulate miR-204 expression respectively. Change of TFAM protein expression in SW480 cells was detected by Western blotting, and change of SW480 cells proliferation was detected by MTT and BrdU assay after lentivirus transfection. Results After screening, the candidate miRNAs were miR-204, miR-211, miR-214, miR-381 and miR-590-3p. Expressions of miR-204, miR-211, miR-214 and miR-381 were lower, but miR-590-3p expression was higher, in colon cancer tissues than those in para-cancer tissues ﹙all P<0.05). Meanwhile expressions of above 4 miRNAs﹙miR-204, miR-211, miR-214 and miR-381) were also lower, but miR-590-3p expression was higher as well, in SW480, HT-29 and HCT116 cells compared to normal colon cells ﹙all P<0.05). Among above 4 miRNAs, miR-204 showed the lowest expression in both colon cancer tissues and cell lines. Expression of miR-204 was negatively correlated with TFAM expression in colon cancer tissues﹙P<0.05). Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed TFAM could be integrated with miR-204 directly, suggesting TFAM as the direct target of miR-204. After up-regulating miR-204 by lentivirus, expression of TFAM decreased and proliferation increased in SW480 cells ﹙all P<0.05). After down-regulating miR-204 by lentivirus, expression of TFAM increased and proliferation decreased in SW480 cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion MiR-204 inhibits TFAM expression and up-regulates the proliferation of colon cancer cells SW480.

Objective To screen the microRNAs involved in colon cancer proliferation and to investigate the expression and regulating function of target miRNA in colon cancer. Methods Mitochondrial transcription factor A ﹙TFAM), which was proved to be an oncogene to colon cancer in prior study, was used as target gene. The microRNAs involved in colon cancer proliferation were screened with miRWalk 2.0 software. The expression of screened miRNAs was examined in 30 samples of colon cancer tissue, para-cancer tissue, normal colon cell strain, and 3 colon cancer strains﹙SW480, HT-29, and HCT116) by real-time PCR. MiR-204 presenting lowest expression was selected to further study in SW480 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assays was performed to examine the association of TFAM with miR-204. Anti-miR-204 lentivirus and miR-240 lentivirus were used to down-regulate and up-regulate miR-204 expression respectively. Change of TFAM protein expression in SW480 cells was detected by Western blotting, and change of SW480 cells proliferation was detected by MTT and BrdU assay after lentivirus transfection. Results After screening, the candidate miRNAs were miR-204, miR-211, miR-214, miR-381 and miR-590-3p. Expressions of miR-204, miR-211, miR-214 and miR-381 were lower, but miR-590-3p expression was higher, in colon cancer tissues than those in para-cancer tissues ﹙all P<0.05). Meanwhile expressions of above 4 miRNAs﹙miR-204, miR-211, miR-214 and miR-381) were also lower, but miR-590-3p expression was higher as well, in SW480, HT-29 and HCT116 cells compared to normal colon cells ﹙all P<0.05). Among above 4 miRNAs, miR-204 showed the lowest expression in both colon cancer tissues and cell lines. Expression of miR-204 was negatively correlated with TFAM expression in colon cancer tissues﹙P<0.05). Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed TFAM could be integrated with miR-204 directly, suggesting TFAM as the direct target of miR-204. After up-regulating miR-204 by lentivirus, expression of TFAM decreased and proliferation increased in SW480 cells ﹙all P<0.05). After down-regulating miR-204 by lentivirus, expression of TFAM increased and proliferation decreased in SW480 cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion MiR-204 inhibits TFAM expression and up-regulates the proliferation of colon cancer cells SW480.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on hippocampus synaptosomes proteome in aged rats.MethodsTwenty-seven 22- month-old SD rats weighing 480-550 g were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (group C,n =6) and isoflurane group (group Ⅰ,n =21 ).In group C inhaled mixed gas containing 80％ oxygen for 2 h.In group Ⅰ the animals were endotracheal intubated after induction by 3％ isoflurane and inhaled 2％ isoflurane and 80％ oxygen for 2 h.Cognition function was evaluated by Y-maze at 24 h after anesthesia and the total training times were recorded.The total training times ＞ 75 was defined as cognitive dysfuction.In group Ⅰ the animals were divided into cognitive dysfuction group (group ⅠA) and non-cognitive dysfuction group (group IB) according to the results of Y-maze test.The animals were sacrificed and their hippocampi were removed and synaptosomes were extracted for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.The different protein spots were analyzed by mass chromatographic analysis.ResultsSix rats had cognitive dysfuction (group IA) and another thirteen rats had no cognitive dysfuction (group IB).The total training times were significantly higher in group IA than in groups C and IB( P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the total training times between groups C and IB (P ＞ 0.05).There were 21 (11/10) different protein spots between groups IB and IA,and 19 (12/7) different protein spots between groups C and IA.Thirty-one protein spots were identified by means of MALDI-TOF-MS.ConclusionThe cognitive dysfuction after isoflurane anesthesia in aged rats may be related to the changes of energy metabolism protein,cytoskeletal structure and regulatory protein in synapse of hippocampus.