Eye tracking technology is an effective method to study cognitive behavior and its neurophysiological mechanisms. Combined with cognitive tasks, eye tracking technology enables the quantification and process measurement of the brain's cognitive functions. It has better temporal resolution and sensitivity compared with traditional neuropsychological scales, and it gets higher repeatability by reducing the interference of human factors. In this review, we trace the development of eye tracking technology and its current application in cognitive assessment of neurological diseases, discuss the eye tracking characteristics in different neurological disorders and cognitive impairments, and outline the prospect of eye tracking technology in cognitive assessment.

Objective:To investigate the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (I-HCA).Methods:The contrast-enhanced ultrasound features I-HCA of 28 cases from April 2009 to November 2019 in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed, including arterial phase enhancement pattern, the homogeneity of enhancement, subcapsular enhancement, and the internal perfusion defect. All I-HCA lesions were divided into >5 cm group( n=9) and ≤5 cm group( n=19), the CEUS features between the two groups were compared. Results:All I-HCA lesions were hyper-enhanced in the arterial phase, among which 39.3% (11/28) showed diffuse filling, 39.3%(11/28) showed centripetal filling, and 21.4%(6/28) showed centrifugal filling pattern. Twenty-five percent (7/28) of I-HCAs showed heterogeneous enhancement, 10.7% (3/28) revealed unenhanced areas within the lesions. Subcapsular vessels were observed in 67.7 (21/31) of I-HCA lesions. Heterogeneous enhancement and unenhanced areas were more frequently detected in lesions >5 cm ( P=0.020, 0.026, respectively), while there was no difference in the enhancement pattern and subcapsular vessels between the two groups ( P>0.05). Inportal venous phase, 42.9%(12/28) of I-HCAs showed hypo-enhancement, and 57.1%(16/28) of lesions showed washout in late phase. According to "hyper-enhancement in arterial phase, sustained hyper- or iso-enhancement in portal venous and late phase" by CEUS, the diagnostic accuracy of benign lesion was 42.9%(12/28). According to any of hyper-enhancement pattern in arterial phase, subcapsular vascular enhancement, and sustained hyper- or iso-enhancement in portal venous and late phase, the diagnostic accuracy of I-HCA was 71.4% (20/28). Conclusions:CEUS is valuable in the diagnosis of inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and testicular volume in the etiology diagnosis of azoospermia.Methods The clinical data of 373 patients with azoospermia were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into the group A,B and C according to their FSH detected level.The FSH level was normal in the group A,slightly increase in the group B and severe increase in the group C.The testicular volume and the spern retrieval success rate of each group were analyzed statistically.Results The testicular sperm retrieval success rates in the group A,B and C were 70.81％,22.22％ and 0 respectively;the average testicular volumes in the three groups were(11.39±5.06),(8.79±4.18),(6.96±4.12)mL respectively,the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion In the patients with azoospermia,the FSH level and testicular volume help to judge the testicular spermatogenic functional status and identify the type of azoospermia.