Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of complete lung cancer resection on the balance of Th17/Treg cells in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 21 patients with lung cancer before and after operation and 21 healthy controls. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of fork-head/winged helix transcription factor( Foxp3) and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt ( RORγt)in PBMC. The plasma levels of interleukin(IL) -17 and transforming growth factor(TGF) -β1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results After surgery,the percentage of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood decreased and the percentage of Treg cells increased in patients when compared to the pre -operation ( P <0. 01). After surgery,the expression of RORγt was decreased and the expression of Foxp3 was increased in the CD4 +T cells of patients in comparison with the pre-opera-tion(P<0. 01). After surgery,the expression of IL-17 was decreased and the expression of TGF-β1 was increased in the plasma of patients in comparison with the pre -operation( P <0. 01). In addition,the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells,the expression of RORγt and Foxp3,and the expression of IL-17 and TGF-β in the peripheral blood were increased in preoperative lung cancer pa-tients when compared to healthy controls. Conclusion There is a Th17/Treg imbalance in the peripheral blood of lung cancer pa-tients after complete resection of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of baicalein and quercetin on the enzymatic resistance of dentin matrix collagen.Methods Baicalein,quercetin and proanthocyanidin were dissolved in 20％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ethanol and prepared into pretreatment agents with a concentration of 50 g/L.Demineralized dentin specimens were prepared and immersed in pretreatment agents at 37 ℃ for 24 h,then they were digested in solution containing type Ⅰ collagenase.The pretreatment agents of blank control group and negative control group were 20％ DMSO ethanol,blank control group were digested in solution without collagenase.The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the hydroxyproline content of enzymolysis liquid in each group were measured respectively after collagenase digestion for 24 h,the dentin collagen morphology were observed under a field emission scanning electron microscopic (FE-SEM) after collagenase digestion for 12 h.Results After collagenase digestion for 24 h,the baicalein group had the highest UTS [(16.00 ± 1.31) MPa],followed by proanthocyanidin group [(12.64 ± 0.91) MPa],blank control group [(7.84± 1.18) MPa],quercetin group [(3.20± 1.07) MPa],and negative control group (0 MPa).Significant differences were detected among the UTS in each two group (P＜0.01).The hydroxyproline content in blank control group was the lowest [(0.40 ± 0.16) mg/L],followed by baicalein group[(2.95 ± 0.18) mg/L],proanthocyanidin group [(4.78±0.38) mg/L],quercetin group[(28.22± 1.53) mg/L],and negative control group [(34.39±0.39) mg/L].There were significant differences among the hydroxyproline contents in each group (P＜ 0.01).After collagenase digestion for 12 h,intact collagen network could be seen in blank control group under a FE-SEM.Collagen network in negative control group suffered nearly complete destruction and collapsed.In quercetin group,most of collagen collapsed.In proanthocyanidin group,a small portion of collagen destruction and collapse could be seen.In baicalein group,collagen network remained intact.Conclusions The use of baicalein and quercetin could improve enzymatic resistance of dentin matrix collagen at a concentration of 50 g/L.The effect of baicalein was better than that of proanthocyanidin while the effect of quercetin was weaker than that of proanthocyanidin.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound guided autobiopsy technology in interventional diagnosis of pulmo-nary peripheral disease .Methods 117 cases of pulmonary peripheral disease proved by X-ray or CT ,confirmed by ultrasound ,but could not be identified the nature by the examination above ,were biopsied under the guidance of ultrasound .Results All the 117 ca-ses were biopsed successfully .115 cases of them had definite pathological results ,the pathological positivity rate was 98 .3% ,in which contained 20 cases of chronic inflammation ,14 cases of tuberculosis ,30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma ,45 cases of adeno-carcinoma ,6 cases small cell undifferentiated carcinoma .No complication ,such as pneumatothorax ,hemoptysis ,bleeding occurred during the operation .Conclusion The ultrasound guided autobiopsy technology in interventional diagnosis of pulmonary peripheral disease is a safe and effective technique ,the tissues obtained from ultrasound guided autobiopsy were adequate to pathological slide which can provide the basis of the clinical diagnosis .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of cyclopamine on metastatic ability of human esophageal cancer EC109 cells and explore the possible mechanism.

METHODSTranswell chamber assay and angiogenesis assay were used to examine the metastatic ability, invasiveness and angiogenesis of EC109 cells treated with cyclopamine for 48 h. The expression of Gli-1 mRNA was detected using RT-PCR, and Western blotting was used to examine the protein expressions of Gli-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

RESULTSInhibition of the hedgehog signaling pathway by cyclopamine suppressed the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of EC109 cells. Cyclopamine treatment significantly lowered the expression of Gli-1 mRNA (P<0.05) and the protein expressions of Gli-1, MMP-9 and VEGF (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCyclopamine can significantly inhibit the metastatic capacity of EC109 cells possibly by down-regulating MMP-9 and VEGF expression as a result of Gli-1 inhibition.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Veratrum Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Zinc Finger Protein GLI1

BACKGROUND: A series of basic researches have confirmed that,the olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation can promote spinal cord regeneration and recover some neurological functions of spinal cord in animal models of spinal cord injury.Some clinical trials also prove that transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells can indeed improve neurological function in patients with spinal cord injury,and then improve their quality of life.OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness and safety of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation in repair of neurological function of spinal cord injury patients.METHODS: The aborted embryonic olfactory bulb was collected and digested into single olfactory ensheathing cells.After they were cultured and purified 2 weeks,olfactory ensheathing cell suspension was prepared.A total of 213 cases of spinal cord injury were selected.Under general anesthesia,the prepared olfactory ensheathing cell suspension was injected through several target sites surrounding the injured spinal cord.ASIA scale was used to assay the patients before transplantation,3 weeks to 2 months after transplantation,so as to evaluate spinal cord recovery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The spinal cord nerve function in all patients altered to different degrees at 3 weeks postoperation.Spinal cord function score,the sensory and motor functions were significantly increased compared with preoperation(P < 0.001),and showed a trend of continuous improvement with time; the patients were visited as follow-up for no more than 5 years,and no impairment of the restored nervous function or transplant adverse reactions were observed.It is confirmed that olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation can promote the recovery of nerve function in patients with spinal cord injury,it can restore and improve some spinal cord functions,and the treatment is safe.

Objective To explore the value of diagnostic ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction in improving the myocardial perfusion and left ventricular systolic function when cooperated with the mecsenchymal stem cells(MSCs) transplantation in rabbit myocardial ischemia. Methods One week after myocardial ischemia (MI) modeling,36 rabbits were divided into 3 groups,the control group(group Ⅰ) ,intravenous injection of MSCs group(group Ⅱ) and ultrasound + microbubble + MSCs group (group Ⅲ). Myocardial contrast enhancement (MCE) was performed and quantification analysis of anterior wall was assessed with Photoshop. Left ventrieular systolic function was assessed with M-mode echocardiography and bi-plane Simpson's method. CD34 expression in heart was detected with immunohistochemisty(IHC). Western blotting was applied to detect the level of VEGF in three groups. Results The differences of gray scale analyzed with histogram of Photoshop in anterior wall of ischemia myocardium between the group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ or group Ⅲ were significant,and P value was 0. 032 and 0. 000 , respectively. There were significant differences of FS between group Ⅲ (30. 43±4.09)% and group Ⅱ (26.29±2.93)%, P<0.01, and similar to group Ⅰ (19.28 ± 2.84)%. The difference of EF(%) between group Ⅲ and group Ⅱ was significant [(61.5±5.8 vs 53.6±4. 71), P<0. 05] ,or markedly significant between group Ⅲ and group Ⅰ [(61.5±5.8 vs 42.6± 5.0), P <0.01]. EF(%) assessed with bi-plane Simpson's method was significantly increased from (34.64 ± 4.59) in group Ⅰ to (41.78 ± 4.21) in group Ⅱ and (48.6±3.96) in group Ⅲ. The expression of CD34 assessed with immunohistochemistry was the highest in group Ⅲ. The level of VEGF with western blotting in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than other two groups. Conclusions It is an efficacious transplantation means of MSCs infusion under the ultrasound mediated microbubles destruction in improving the myocardial perfusion and cardiac systolic function.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier during transcranial ultrasound contrast imaging. Methods Sprague-Dawhy (SD) rats were performed transcranial ultrasound contrast imaging, the lanthanum nitrate and the evans-blue were used as tracers,the distribution of the tracers were observed and the transports mechanism were also investigated. Results The opening of the tight junction and increased permeability of the cellular membrane were observed after the transcranial ultrasound contrast imaging. Conclusions The main mechanism of the increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier was the opening of the tight junction and increased permeability of the cellular membrane.

Objective To compare two effective preparation methods for paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles, and to evaluate the physiochemical properties as for acoustic activated drug delivery. Methods Paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles were prepared with two methods: one was mixed with phospholipids directly (Ⅰ); the other was added in triacetin, then mixed with phospholipids (Ⅱ). Concent ration, size, pH, drug entrapment efficiency, drug-loading amounts of these two kinds of paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles were studied, while drug release with ultrasound and tumor imaging enhanced on rabbit breast tumor were observed. Results There was no significant difference in tumor imaging between two kinds of microbubbles which could be ruptured by low energy ultrasound. Compared with Ⅰ, the mean diameter of Ⅱ decreased significantly ([ 1.07±0.38] μm vs [2.79± 0.41] μm, P<0.01), the surface potencial was higher ([19.10±0.32] mV vs [-5.90±0.21] mV, P<0.01), whereas entrapment efficiency and drug-loading amounts increased markedly ([ 95.00±1.22]% vs [36.10±4.74]%, P<0.01; [5.60±0.11]% vs [0.50±0.04]%, P<0.01). Conclusion The Ⅱ paclitaxel-loaded lipid microbubbles added triacetin have an important clinical value.

Objective To investigate the effect of microbubbles mediated ultrasound insonation on proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in different phase of cell cycle. Methods Rat thoracic aortic VSMCs were cultured in vitro by the method of tissue adherence. The cells were synchronized by the methods of serum starvation and double thymidine block. The synchronization results were detected by flow eytometer. VSMCs in different phases of cell cycle were exposed to 1 MHz continuous waves ultrasound for 120 s at intensity 0.3 W/cm2 in the presence of lipid-coated microbubbles (1 ml/L). Apoptosis of VSMCs was analyzed by AnnexinV/PI staining using flow eytometry. The proliferation and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) protein expression of VSMCs were detected by MTT assay and immunoeytochemistry, respectively. Results The synchronized G0/G1 and S phase VSMCs were achieved, with synchronized rates to 89.53 % and 66.87 %, respectively. Ultrasound sonication for 120 s with microbubbles could significantly inhibit the proliferation and downregulate the PCNA expression of S phase VSMCs,but the proliferation and PCNA expression of G0/G1 phase VSMCs were not affected. After treatment of ultrasound with microbubbles, the apoptotic ratio were found to reach (7.05 ± 2.04)% in G0/G1 phase VSMCs and (27.01 ±3.87)% in S phase VSMCs. Conclusions Microbubbles mediated ultrasound insonation can significantly inhabit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in VSMCs at proliferation stage.