Helicobacter pylori(HP)infection is a Class Ⅰ carcinogen in gastric cancer,closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer.Many studies have shown that HP eradication has a preventive effect on gastric cancer.However,2.7%-6.1%of patients with early gastric cancer who have been eradicated after endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)can still develop metachronous gastric cancer(MGC),and the mechanism of its occurrence is still unclear.In this review,the atrophy of gastric mucosa and intestinal metaplasia cannot be completely reversed after HP eradication,the excessive proliferation of gastric mucosa epithelial cells,the accumulation of genetic abnormalities,the homeostasis imbalance of the epigenetic group,changes in immune microenvironment,the abnormality of stem cells in gastric mucosa,chromatin accessibility,and changes in chromosome remodeling were discussed in the mechanism of carcinogenesis caused by the above molecular changes after ESD and HP eradication in early gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of microglia activation regulated by C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1(CX3CL1)-C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1)pathway on memory function in hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation rats.Methods The experiment was divided into two parts.In the first part,the rats were randomly divided into sham group,model-0.5 hour group,model-1.5 hour group,model-3 hour group,10 rats in each group.There were differences in the time of hemorrhagic shock among each group.In the second part,rats were randomly divided into control group and CX3CL1 group,10 rats in each group.The rats in CX3CL1 group were treated with CX3CL1 protein factor(intraventricular injection),and the rats in control group were treated with saline.All rats were trained in Morris water maze experiments before model construction,and tests of Morris water maze experiments were carried out after 4 days of model construction.After completion,the whole brains were taken for HE staining and immunohistochemical staining.Cerebrospinal fluid was taken for detection of inflammatory cytokines,and hippocampus tissues were taken for Real-time PCR detection and Western blotting detection.Results Compared with the sham group,the escape latency of rats in model group increased,the number of platform crossings and the resident time in the third quadrant decreased.The neuronal state was impaired in HE staining in model group.In addition,compared with the sham group,the expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1(Iba1)in the brain of the rats in model group increased,the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin(IL)-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid increased,and the M1-type microglia markers CD16,TNF-α,IL-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)mRNA content increased.At the same time,compared with the sham group,the expressions of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in the brain of model group decreased,and the expressions of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB(p-NF-κB)and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)increased.However,compared with the control group,rats in CX3CL1 group had reduced escape latency,increased platform crossing times and quadrantⅢresident time,and recovered neuronal states.In addition,the expression of Iba1 in the brain of CX3CL1 group decreased,the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid decreased,the mRNA contents of M1-type microglia markers like CD16,TNF-α,IL-1β and iNOS decreased,and the mRNA contents of markers of M2-type microglia glial like CD206,transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),arginase-1(Arg1),Chitinase 3-like protein 1(Ym 1)increased.Conclusion CX3CL1 can help inhibit the excessive activation of microglia,induce the polarization of microglia to M2 type,inhibit the polarization of M1 type,reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines,and alleviate the memory function damage induced by hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of curcumin(CUR)on crystal-induced renal injury and its underlying mechanism in the mouse model of neph-rolithiasis.Methods The mouse model of stone for-mation was established via successive intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate.Proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 treated with calcium oxalate monohydrate(COM)was used as an in vitro model.The protective role of CUR on nephrolithiasis was tested by determina-tion of tubular injury,crystal deposition and adhesion,levels of inflammatory cytokines.In vitro,the effects of CUR on the cell viability and inflammatory factors of HK-2 cells were measured.The proteins in the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2)/hemeoxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling path-ways were measured by Western blot for confirming the relationship between CUR and these pathways.Final-ly,NRF2 inhibitor ML385 and TLR4 activator CCL-34 were respectively used on COM-induced HK-2 cells ex-posed to CUR for the conduction of gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays.Results CUR improves the damage in the mouse model of kidney stone forma-tion,inhibits inflammation and antioxidative effects;promotes the viability of HK-2 cells induced by COM,and inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors.CUR suppresses the expression of proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB pathway,promotes the transfer of NRF2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus,and enhances the ex-pression of HO-1.ML385 and CCL-34 respectively counteract the anti-inflammatory effects of CUR on COM-induced HK-2 cells.Conclusions Taken togeth-er,our study demonstrates the protective effect of CUR on the deposition of kidney stone and consequent tubu-lar injury.CUR through regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB and NRF2/HO-1 pathways improves renal injury.

Objective To discuss the efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)for portal hypertension with portal vein thrombosis(PVT).Methods A total of 31 patients with portal hypertension complicated by PVT,who underwent TIPS at the Chinese PLA General Hospital between December 2017 and October 2022,were enrolled in this study.The clinical data,including preoperative laboratory tests,operation pattern,intraoperative portal vein pressure(PVP),postoperative follow-up ultrasound or enhanced CT examination findings,and the presence or absence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE),were collected.Paired t-test was used to compare the differences in PVP before and after stenting,Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the postoperative shunt patency rate,rebleeding rate,incidence of HE,and survival rate.Log-rank test was used to analyze the differences in follow-up results between the patients having cavernous transformation of portal vein(CTPV)and the patients having no CTPV.Results The technical success rate of TIPS procedure was 93.55％(29/31).In the 29 patients with successful surgery,the mean PVP value decreased from preoperative(30.15±4.61)mmHg to postoperative(20.84±5.57)mmHg,the difference was statistically significant(t=8.975,P＜0.05).The postoperative median follow-up time was 22.90 months(range of 4.50-61.80 months).During the follow-up period,24.14％of patients(7/29)developed shunt tract dysfunction,17.24％of patients(5/29)developed rebleeding,17.24％of patients(5/29)developed HE,and 5 patients(5/29,17.24％)died.Ten patients(10/29,34.48％)with PVT were complicated by CTPV,among them 5 patients had shunt dysfunction,3 patients had rebleeding,one patient developed HE,and 3 patients died.Of the 19 patients who having no coexisting CTPV,shunt dysfunction was seen in 2,rebleeding in 2 and HE in 4,and 2 patients died.The incidences of shunt tract dysfunction and rebleeding in the patients having CTPV were obviously higher than those in the patients having no CTPV(both P＜0.05),while no statistically significant differences in the incidences of HE and death existed between the two groups(both P＞0.05).Conclusion TIPS can effectively reduce the PVP in patients with PVT.The incidences of shunt tract dysfunction and rebleeding in the PVP with coexisting CTPV are remarkably higher than those in the PVT patients with no coexisting CTPV.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:537-542)

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Five compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Semen Persicae by using various chromatographic methods, including ODS, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC and semipreparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, circular dichroism (CD) and ECD calculation techniques: (2R,3R)-5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy-3-formylflavan-3-ol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl 6″-benzoyl alcohol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (7R,8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-9-β-O-D-glucopyranosid (3), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol (5). Compound 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-5 were obtained from Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch. for the first time.

Aim To investigate the effect of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) on the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in C57 mice under high glucose environment. Methods The hearts of C57 mice were taken from 1 to 3 days. After cutting and digesting, CFs were extracted by differential adherance centrifugattion and observed under microscope. After cell attachment, the cells were cultured under low glucose (5.5 mmol • L

Objective To establish an efficient method for isolating migrasomes from RAW264.7 macrophages and identifying these isolated migrasomes. Methods Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological characteristics of migrasomes produced by RAW264.7 cells. A 0.45 μm filter was employed for reverse filtration and elution to isolate the migrasomes. The morphological characteristics of the migrasomes were then observed using transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of characteristic markers of the migrasomes. The RNA carried by the migrasomes was analysed by using LabChip bioanalyzer. Results Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the migrasomes, with membranous structures, were attached to the tip or bifurcation of the retraction fiber formed in the tail of RAW264.7 cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the isolated migrasomes had a typical oval vesicle-like structure with wrinkled membrane surfaces. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of the characteristic markers phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class K (PIGK), epidermal growth factor domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (EOGT) and tetraspanin 4 (TSPAN4) in the migrasomes, while the EV (extracellular vesicle) markers tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and Arabidopsis homolog of apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (ALIX) were not detected. Furthermore, the isolated migrasomes were found to be rich in small RNA, which were approximately 25-200 nt in length. Conclusion A method for the extraction of well-structured and high quality migrasomes from macrophages is established.
Extracellular Vesicles ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; RNA ; Macrophages

Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Simendan/therapeutic use* ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Peptide Fragments ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis