ObjectiveIn the realm of forensic science, dust is a valuable type of trace evidence with immense potential for intricate investigations. With the development of DNA sequencing technologies, there is a heightened interest among researchers in unraveling the complex tapestry of microbial communities found within dust samples. Furthermore, striking disparities in the microbial community composition have been noted among dust samples from diverse geographical regions, heralding new possibilities for geographical inference based on microbial DNA analysis. The pivotal role of microbial community data from dust in geographical inference is significant, underscoring its critical importance within the field of forensic science. This study aims to delve deeply into the nuances of fungal community composition across the urban landscapes of Beijing, Fuzhou, Kunming, and Urumqi in China. It evaluates the accuracy of biogeographic inference facilitated by the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) fungal sequencing while concurrently laying a robust foundation for the operational integration of environmental DNA into geographical inference mechanisms. MethodsITS2 region of the fungal genomes was amplified using universal primers known as 5.8S-Fun/ITS4-Fun, and the resulting DNA fragments were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq FGx platform. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) was employed to visually represent the differences between samples, while analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) were utilized to statistically evaluate the dissimilarities in community composition across samples. Furthermore, using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis to identify and filter out species that exhibit significant differences between various cities. In addition, we leveraged SourceTracker to predict the geographic origins of the dust samples. ResultsAmong the four cities of Beijing, Fuzhou, Kunming and Urumqi, Beijing has the highest species richness. The results of species annotation showed that there were significant differences in the species composition and relative abundance of fungal communities in the four cities. NMDS analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns of samples based on their biogeographic origins in multidimensional space. Samples from the same city exhibited clear clustering, while samples from different cities showed separation along the first axis. The results from ANOSIM and PERMANOVA confirmed the significant differences in fungal community composition between the four cities, with the most pronounced distinctions observed between Fuzhou and Urumqi. Notably, the biogeographic origins of all known dust samples were successfully predicted. ConclusionSignificant differences are observed in the fungal species composition and relative abundance among the cities of Beijing, Fuzhou, Kunming, and Urumqi. Employing fungal ITS2 sequencing on dust samples from these urban areas enables accurate inference of biogeographical locations. The high feasibility of utilizing fungal community data in dust for biogeographical inferences holds particular promise in the field of forensic science.

ObjectiveTo monitor the real-time changes in ammonia concentration in the laboratory animal facility environment before, during, and after the air conditioning system stops supplying air, so as to provide a basis and reference for developing emergency plans for the shutdown of the air conditioning system. MethodsThe laboratory animal facilities of the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products were used as the research object. Ammonia concentration detectors were used to monitor ammonia concentration continuously in the environment of conventional rabbit production facility, SPF hamster production facility, and SPF guinea pig experimental facility before and after the passive shutdown due to repairs and active maintenance shutdown of the air conditioning system, as well as the time for the ammonia concentration to return to daily levels after resuming air supply. ResultsUnder both shutdown modes of the air conditioning system, the trend of ammonia concentration changes in different laboratory animal facilities was consistent, showing a rapid increase after shutdown and a rapid decrease after resuming air supply. Under active maintenance shutdown, the maximum ammonia concentrations in the conventional rabbit production facilities, SPF hamster production facilities, and SPF guinea pig experimental facilities were 9.81 mg/m³, 14.27 mg/m³, and 6.98 mg/m³, respectively. Within 12 minutes after resuming air supply, ammonia concentration could return to normal daily levels. Under passive long-term shutdown, ammonia concentration value was positively correlated with the duration of air supply suspension. As the shutdown duration increased, ammonia concentration continued to increase. The maximum ammonia concentration values in the three facilities occurred at 88 minutes (38.06 mg/m³), 40 minutes (18.43 mg/m³), and 34 minutes (15.61 mg/m³) after air supply suspension, respectively.Within 11 minutes after resuming air supply, ammonia concentration could return to normal daily levels. ConclusionShutdown of the air conditioning system causes a rapid increase in ammonia concentration in laboratory animal facilities, and the rise in ammonia concentration is positively correlated with the duration of air supply suspension. Therefore, when an emergency shutdown of the air-conditioning system is required due to maintenance or other reasons, backup fans should be provided in accordance with the requirements of GB 50447-2008 "Architectural and Technical Code for Laboratory Animal Facilities". Older facilities should make adequate preparations and develop a scientifically sound emergency plan.

BACKGROUND:Inhibitory control and drug craving are the core elements of evaluating drug withdrawal in methamphetamine addicts,which has attracted much attention in academic circles.As we all know,in order to achieve complete abstinence from drug addiction,the key is to restore the damaged inhibition and control function of drug addicts and effectively reduce the craving for drugs. OBJECTIVE:To systematically analyze the relationship between exercise and methamphetamine abstinence inhibitory control and drug craving,to find out an effective exercise intervention scheme that can promote methamphetamine abstinence,and to further explore the internal mechanism of exercise,in order to provide theoretical support and applied reference for the future use of exercise in drug withdrawal. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,Web of Science,and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature using the keywords of"exercise,physical activity,methamphetamine,inhibitory function,craving,addiction"in Chinese and"sport*,exercise,methamphetamine,drug craving,executive function,addiction"in English.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,86 documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In terms of inhibitory control in methamphetamine abstinent individuals,either acute and long-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or acute high-intensity interval training can significantly improve the inhibitory control capacity of methamphetamine abstinent individuals.For long-term aerobic exercise,aerobic group exercise or full-body comprehensive exercise is more effective.If the exercise format is power cycling,it is recommended to increase the frequency of exercise intervention.In terms of the drug craving intensity in methamphetamine abstinent individuals,acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training,as well as long-term moderate-intensity,high-intensity,or progressive load aerobic and resistance training,can effectively reduce the drug craving in methamphetamine abstinent individuals.Exercise exerts intrinsic regulatory effects on methamphetamine-mediated addiction.Exercise can influence the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain's ventral tegmental area,thereby stimulating the expression of dopamine receptor coupling proteins and promoting dopamine synthesis in the brain's reward regions,thereby compensating for dopamine depletion caused by methamphetamine addiction.Furthermore,exercise can also regulate protein kinase A inhibitors,affecting the protein kinase A signaling pathway mediated by dopamine D1 receptors,by inhibiting protein kinase A,thus affecting cAMP response element-binding protein and regulating methamphetamine addiction.Additionally,exercise can also,at the genetic level,affect the expression of the c-fos gene in the brain's nucleus accumbens region,activate a subset of glutamatergic neurons in this area,generate a rewarding effect,and thus improve methamphetamine addiction.Although current research has confirmed the relationship between exercise and methamphetamine addiction and has clarified the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise,whether there are other brain regulatory pathways for the effects of exercise remains to be explored through more scientifically rigorous animal or human experiments,starting from the cellular or molecular level.

PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ have important regulatory roles in the immune system, and targeting these two subtypes helps to reshape the tumor microenvironment. PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ are potential targets for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, a series of new pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized on the basis of our previously reported PI3K inhibitors, resulting in the discovery of compound 16l as a potent and selective PI3Kγ/δ dual inhibitor. Compound 16l demonstrated strong biochemical potencies against PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ with IC₅₀ values of 0.11 and 0.79 nmol·L^-1. In cell-based assays, it potently inhibited the PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ mediated Akt S473 phosphorylation with EC₅₀ values of 3 and 7 nmol·L^-1. In vivo, compound 16l exhibited acceptable pharmacokinetic properties in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and suppressed the tumor growth in a MC38 syngeneic mouse model. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (approval number: DWLL-2000-06). In addition, no appreciable human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) inhibition was observed for compound 16l even at 30 μmol·L^-1. These results suggested that compound 16l might be a potential research tool for studying the PI3Kγ/δ mediated signaling pathways.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application and surgical effect of minimal invasive liposuction system (MILS) in lumbar abdominal liposuction.Methods:From July 2019 to March 2021, 985 patients were selected for lumbar and abdominal liposuction. Local anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia were used in all operations. The preoperative design and intraoperative procedures were carried out according to the requirements of MILS method. An average of 2 425 ml fat was aspirated, and the average operation time was 142.4 min.Results:After 3-18 (average 3.85 months) months of follow-up, 857 patients (87% of the patients) were discharged on the day of operation. The waist line curve of the patients was clear and the bulge of the upper and lower abdomen was significantly reduced. The satisfactory rate was 93.5%, and the incidence of complications was 2.8%. No severe complication occurred.Conclusions:MILS is a safe and effective method to perform the waist and abdominal liposuction scientifically and finely. The MILS method makes the lumbar abdominal liposuction standardized, reduces unnecessary procedure, shortens the liposuction learning curve, reduces the occurrence of complications, and achieves the best aesthetic effect.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of imported malaria epidemic from overseas in Wuhan, to explore the management mechanism of on-site cases, and to accumulate experience for the treatment of imported malaria in large cities after malaria elimination. Methods The epidemiological data on imported malaria from abroad during the period of malaria elimination (2010-2019) in Wuhan were collected. The gender, age and severe illness-related factors of the cases were analyzed. Based on the characteristics of the epidemic and the current situation of prevention and control, the content and experience of the “Municipal-District 24-7” case mechanism were discussed. Results The medical resources in Wuhan were the best in the central region, resulting in a large number of imported malaria cases, with a total of 474 cases reported from 2010 to 2019 (40.79% of the total number of cases in Hubei Province), including 359 cases of falciparum malaria, 36 severe cases and one death (the death rate was 0.28%). The patients were mainly young and middle-aged men aged 20 to 49 years old (97.26%). There were many referral cases (40.30%), and there was no seasonal clustering of cases reported. The undiagnosed proportion at the first visit was 44.85%, and the time of attack-diagnosis was 4 days or more in 61.00% of cases. The occurrence of severe cases was related to unconfirmed diagnosis at the first visit (χ²=35.46, P<0.001) and attack-diagnosis time (Z=-6.49, P<0.001). Conclusion Imported malaria occurs frequently in Wuhan, mainly falciparum malaria. However, “Municipal-District 24-7” case mechanism has effectively curbed the occurrence of severe and death cases and provided valuable experience for case management in similar cities in China.

Using Shenfu injection as a case study,this research elucidates the content and methodologies involved in the comprehensive evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injections.The aim is to provide a foundation for the rational clinical application of Chinese medicine injections,the research and development of value in traditional Chinese medicinal products,and informed pharmaceutical decision-making,thereby promoting the safe,effective,and rational use of medications.Through systematic literature review and the application of fundamental methodologies such as evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomics,the comprehensive evaluation of Shenfu Injection is conducted from aspects including pharmaceutical characteristics,efficacy,safety,cost-effectiveness,suitability,accessibility,and innovativeness.The outcomes of this study reveal that the active constituents of Shenfu Injection and their pharmacological effects stated in the indications are explicit,affirming clinical efficacy and demonstrating good safety profile.The economic analysis of its utilization alongside conventional therapies for heart failure establishes its cost-effectiveness;however,its timeliness necessitates updating.Suitability,accessibility,and innovativeness show some hignlights.In summary,this investigation underscores the established efficacy and safety framework for select indications of Shenfu Injection in clinical evidence,with a notable research gap in the realm of cost-effectiveness requiring further attention and refurbishment.Additionally,a more thorough investigation is warranted into the suitability,accessibility,and innovativeness of its employment within medical institutions.

Decompression, Surgical ; Diskectomy, Percutaneous ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery* ; Laser Therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To analyze the apply effect of radiofrequency ablation assisted associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (RALPPS) in liver cancer patients with insufficient future liver remnant (FLR).Methods:The data of 29 patients who underwent RALPPS in the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical University from June 2014 to July 2020 were analyzed, including 25 males and 4 females, aged (46.6±9.9) years. The patients were divided into the second stage group (completed the second stage operation, n=18) and the first stage group (completed only the first stage operation, n=11) according to whether they had successfully completed the second stage operation. FLR, percentage of FLR in standard liver volume (percentage of FLR), growth rate of FLR, liver function after operation, operation time and radiofrequency ablation time of first stage operation, surgical complications were compared between the two groups. Results:The percentage of FLR before the first stage operation was (30.0±7.0)% in 29 patients, and the second stage operation was completed in 18 patients (62.1%). After the first stage operation, the aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the second stage group were 519.0 (362.9, 696.0) U/L and 391.8 (297.2, 591.1) U/L, which were better than those of the first stage group 931.0 (711.7, 1131.9) U/L and 851.3 (426.6, 888.0) U/L (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in FLR and percentage of FLR before the first stage operation, duration time, amount of bleeding and time of radiofrequency ablation of the first stage operation (all P>0.05). In the second stage group, the interval between two operations was (21.6±6.7) days, the FLR before the second stage operation was (623.2±101.8) cm 3, the FLR percentage was (49.0±7.0)%, and the FLR growth rate was (19.0±5.0)%. In the first stage group, there were 11 patients (100.0%) who developed complication after first stage operation, induding 7 patients (63.6%) with complication above Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲb. In the second stage group, 18 patients (100.0%) developed complication after the first stage operation. There were no complication above grade Ⅲb. The causes of 11 patients who did not completed secondary surgery included poor liver function and insufficient FLR in 4 patients, tumor progression in 6 patients, and death in 1 patient. Conclusion:RALPPS is a therapeutic option for liver cancer patients with insufficient FLR, and the therapeutic effect is reasonable.