ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits, which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD. Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities. Therefore, this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties. MethodsOur study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. In an attention capture task, we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change (TC) and non-topological change (nTC) stimuli. Saccadic reaction time (SRT), visual search time (VS), and first fixation dwell time (FFDT) were used as indicators of attentional bias. Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted. ResultsThis study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT (P<0.05) and VS (P<0.05) for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli, while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure (P>0.05). Additionally, ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets (measured by FFDT), in comparison to TD children (P<0.05). Furthermore, ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias (measured by VS) and their scores on the compulsive subscale (P<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection. This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development, thereby impacting their social communication and interaction. In sum, our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression regulation of lipid metabolism gene ABHD5 in testes. METHODS: Differential gene analysis was performed by integrating databases of TCGA and GTEx to identify the target gene ABHD5. The expression trends of ABHD5 gene in testicular carcinoma tissue were analyzed. Human testis single-cell atlases were obtained from the Human Protein Atlas and Male Health Atlas databases to determine the expression distribution of ABHD5 across different testicular cell types. Additionally, the GTEx database was utilized to visualize the expression pattern of ABHD5 in the testis, thereby enhancing the understanding of its transcriptional profile. The relationship between ABHD5 expression and age was assessed through integrated database analysis. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect differential expressions of ABHD5 in testicular tissues of young and aged mice respectively. RESULTS: The TCGA database indicated that the expression of ABHD5 in human testicular carcinoma tissue was significantly lower than that in normal testicular tissue which showed a negative correlation with patient survival. ABHD5 was highly expressed in germ cells of the testis reveaked from Human Protein Atlas and Male Health Atlas databases. The stability of ABHD5 protein was crucial for testicular tissue, and its expression decreased with age. Furthermore, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that ABHD5 expression in the testicular tissue of aged mice was significantly lower than that in young mice. CONCLUSION ABHD5 plays an important role in testicular tissue, and may be inseparable from testicular tumors and reproductive aging. However, its mechanism of action remains to be further studied.
Male ; Animals ; Mice ; Testis/metabolism* ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism/genetics* ; 1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase/metabolism* ; Testicular Neoplasms/metabolism*

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is associated with significant disability and mortality. However, the relationship between meteorological factors and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as the potential moderating role of these factors, remains unclear. METHODS: Daily data on HS, air pollution, and meteorological conditions were collected from January 2015 to December 2021 in Ganzhou to analyze the relationship between meteorological factors and HS admissions. This analysis employed a time-stratified case-crossover design in conjunction with a distributional lag nonlinear model. Additionally, a bivariate response surface modelling was utilized to further investigate the interaction between meteorological factors and particulate matter. The study also stratified the analyses by gender and age. To investigate the potential impact of extreme weather conditions on HS, this study defined the 97.5th percentile as representing extremely high weather conditions, while the 2.5th percentile was classified as extremely low. RESULTS: In single-day lags, the risk of admissions for HS was significantly associated with extremely low temperature (lag 1-2 and lag 13-14), extremely low humidity (lag 1 and lag 9-12), and extremely high precipitation (lag 2-7). Females exhibited greater susceptibility to extremely low temperature than males within the single-day lag pattern in the subcomponent layer, with a maximum relative risk (RR) that was 7% higher. In the cumulative lag analysis, the risk of HS admissions was significantly associated with extremely high temperature (lag 0-8∼lag 0-14), extremely low humidity (lag 0-2∼lag 0-14), and extremely high precipitation (lag 0-4∼lag 0-14). Within the cumulative lag day structure of the subcomponent layer, both extremely low and extremely high temperature had a more pronounced effect on females and aged ≥65 years. The risk of HS admissions was positively associated with extremely high barometric pressure in the female subgroups (lag 0-1 and lag 0-2). The highest number of HS admissions occurred when high PM_2.5 concentrations coexisted with low precipitation. CONCLUSIONS Meteorological factors were significantly associated with the risk of hospital admissions for HS. Individuals who were female and aged ≥65 years were found to be more susceptible to these meteorological influences. Additionally, an interaction was observed between airborne particulate matter and meteorological factors. These findings contributed new evidence to the association between meteorological factors and HS.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Over Studies ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data* ; Adult ; Hemorrhagic Stroke/etiology* ; Meteorological Concepts ; Weather ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Young Adult

Bisphosphonates(BP),a class of commonly used medications for treating osteoporosis and bone malignancies,significantly affect bone metabolism.When dental implants are placed in patients receiving BP,the potential impacts of BP on the formation and long-term maintenance of implant osseointegration cannot be ignored.In addition,the influence of dental implants on the occurrence of BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is garnering attention.This article explores the influences of BP on the stability of dental implants based on a review of previous animal and clinical studies,discusses the impact of dental implants on the occurrence of BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,and proposes suggestions for the dental implant treatment of patients taking BP in clinical practice.This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the related research and clinical treatment.
Humans ; Dental Implants ; Animals ; Diphosphonates/pharmacology* ; Osseointegration/drug effects* ; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Objective:To discuss the clinical presentations,diagnosis,and treatment methods of the patients with Fournier's gangrene,and to enhance the clinicians'awareness of this condition.Methods:The clinical data including symptoms,signs,radiological findings,and surgical outcomes of one patient with Fournier's gangrene were collected.The relevant literatures were reviewed to summarize the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,and treatment methods for this condition.Results:The patient,a 42-year-old male,was admitted because of a history of infection around the perineum,scrotum,and perianal area for 13 d.His medical history included acute myeloid leukemia for 10 months,during which the patient underwent eight chemotherapy sessions in the local hospital.The abdominal CT scan results showed thickened,dense,and turbid soft tissue in the left inguinal area.The complete blood count reuslts showed the white blood cell count was 23.99×109 L-1.The cultures of wound secretions grew the Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis.The examination results showed there was necrosis of the scrotal skin and skin near the anus on the left buttock;the skin was blackened,hard,and demarcated from the surrounding normal skin with slight purulent exudation and no foul smell.The surrounding skin was significantly swollen and red;the rectal examination results showed no bleeding or fistulas.The patient underwent emergency debridement surgery on the admission day,followed by dressing changes,multiple applications of simplified negative pressure,perineal flap reconstruction,and skin grafting.The patient recovered well with normal function and had no complications.Conclusion:Fournier gangrene has acute onset and rapid progression,and the clinical manifestations are non-specific.The range of infection is not consistent with the progression of the disease.The diagnosis mainly depends on intraoperative exploration.Repeated radical surgery is the main treatment.The prognosis of this disease is good,and the recurrence rate is low,although long-term follow-up is still necessary after surgery.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of the TRIANGLE operation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC).Methods:This study is a retrospective case series analysis. Between January 2020 and December 2022, a total of 103 patients were diagnosed as LAPC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Pancreas Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Among them, 26 patients (25.2%) underwent the TRIANGLE operation. There were 15 males and 11 females,with a age of (59±7) years (range: 49 to 74 years). The pre-treatment serum CA19-9( M(IQR)) was 248.8(391.6)U/ml (range: 0 to 1 428 U/ml),and the serum carcinoembryonic antigen was 4.1(3.8)μg/L(range: 1.4 to 13.4 μg/L). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens included: mFOLFIRINOX regimen in 6 cases(23.1%), GnP regimen in 14 cases(53.8%), and mFOLFIRINOX+GnP regimen in 6 cases(23.1%). The follow-up duration extended until June 2023 or until the occurrence of the patient′s death or loss to follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to estimate the 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates. Results:After neoadjuvant chemotherapy,CA19-9 levels decreased by 92.3(40.1)%(range:2.1% to 97.7%). Evaluation of the response to treatment revealed 13 cases(50.0%) of stable disease,11 cases(42.3%) of partial response,and 2 cases(7.7%) of complete response. The surgical operation consisted of 12 cases(46.2%) of pancreaticoduodenectomy,12 cases(46.2%) of distal pancreatectomy,and 2 cases(7.7%) of total pancreatectomy. Margin determination was based on the “standardised pathology protocol” and the “1 mm” principle. No R2 and R1(direct) resections were observed,while the R0 resection rate was 61.5%(16/26), and the R1(1 mm) resection rate was 38.5%(10/26).The R1(1 mm) resection rates for the anterior margin,posterior margin,transected margin,portal vein groove margin,and uncinate margin were 23.1%(6/26),19.2%(5/26),12.5%(3/24),2/14, and 1/12, respectively. The overall postoperative complication rate was 57.8%(15/26),with major complications including grade B/C pancreatic fistula 25.0%(6/24,excluding 2 cases of total pancreatectomy),delayed gastric emptying in 23.1%(6/26),wound complications 11.5%(3/26),postoperative hemorrhage 7.7%(2/26), chylous fistula 7.7%(2/26) and bile fistula 3.8%(1/26). No reoperation was performed during the perioperative period(<90 days). One patient died on the 32 nd day postoperatively due to a ruptured pseudoaneurysm. A total of 25 patients were followed up,with a follow-up time of 21(24)months(range: 8 to 42 months). During the follow-up period,8 cases(32.0%) died due to tumor recurrence and metastasis,while 17 patients(68.0%) remained alive,including 11 cases of disease-free survival,5 cases of distant metastasis,and 1 case of local recurrence. The overall survival rates at 1- and 3-year after the initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 95.8% and 58.9%, respectively. The overall survival rates at 1- and 3-year after surgery were 77.7% and 57.8%, respectively. Conclusion:Performing pancreatoduodenectomy according to the Heidelberg triangle protocol in LAPC patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy might increase the R0 resection rate without increasing perioperative mortality or the incidence of major postoperative complications.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of the TRIANGLE operation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC).Methods:This study is a retrospective case series analysis. Between January 2020 and December 2022, a total of 103 patients were diagnosed as LAPC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Pancreas Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Among them, 26 patients (25.2%) underwent the TRIANGLE operation. There were 15 males and 11 females,with a age of (59±7) years (range: 49 to 74 years). The pre-treatment serum CA19-9( M(IQR)) was 248.8(391.6)U/ml (range: 0 to 1 428 U/ml),and the serum carcinoembryonic antigen was 4.1(3.8)μg/L(range: 1.4 to 13.4 μg/L). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens included: mFOLFIRINOX regimen in 6 cases(23.1%), GnP regimen in 14 cases(53.8%), and mFOLFIRINOX+GnP regimen in 6 cases(23.1%). The follow-up duration extended until June 2023 or until the occurrence of the patient′s death or loss to follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to estimate the 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates. Results:After neoadjuvant chemotherapy,CA19-9 levels decreased by 92.3(40.1)%(range:2.1% to 97.7%). Evaluation of the response to treatment revealed 13 cases(50.0%) of stable disease,11 cases(42.3%) of partial response,and 2 cases(7.7%) of complete response. The surgical operation consisted of 12 cases(46.2%) of pancreaticoduodenectomy,12 cases(46.2%) of distal pancreatectomy,and 2 cases(7.7%) of total pancreatectomy. Margin determination was based on the “standardised pathology protocol” and the “1 mm” principle. No R2 and R1(direct) resections were observed,while the R0 resection rate was 61.5%(16/26), and the R1(1 mm) resection rate was 38.5%(10/26).The R1(1 mm) resection rates for the anterior margin,posterior margin,transected margin,portal vein groove margin,and uncinate margin were 23.1%(6/26),19.2%(5/26),12.5%(3/24),2/14, and 1/12, respectively. The overall postoperative complication rate was 57.8%(15/26),with major complications including grade B/C pancreatic fistula 25.0%(6/24,excluding 2 cases of total pancreatectomy),delayed gastric emptying in 23.1%(6/26),wound complications 11.5%(3/26),postoperative hemorrhage 7.7%(2/26), chylous fistula 7.7%(2/26) and bile fistula 3.8%(1/26). No reoperation was performed during the perioperative period(<90 days). One patient died on the 32 nd day postoperatively due to a ruptured pseudoaneurysm. A total of 25 patients were followed up,with a follow-up time of 21(24)months(range: 8 to 42 months). During the follow-up period,8 cases(32.0%) died due to tumor recurrence and metastasis,while 17 patients(68.0%) remained alive,including 11 cases of disease-free survival,5 cases of distant metastasis,and 1 case of local recurrence. The overall survival rates at 1- and 3-year after the initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 95.8% and 58.9%, respectively. The overall survival rates at 1- and 3-year after surgery were 77.7% and 57.8%, respectively. Conclusion:Performing pancreatoduodenectomy according to the Heidelberg triangle protocol in LAPC patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy might increase the R0 resection rate without increasing perioperative mortality or the incidence of major postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect of Evodiamine on primary dysmenorrhea in rats and its possible mechanism.Methods Female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,evodiamine low dose group,evodiamine medium dose group,evodiamine high dose group and positive control group,with 10 rats in each group.The primary dysmenorrhea model was established in all the other groups except the normal group.The rats in evodiamine low,medium and high dose groups were intragaically given 10,20 and 40 mg·kg-1 evodipine,respectively.Rats in positive control group were given 2.1 g·kg-1 Tongjingbao granules every day,and rats in normal group and model group were given the same amount of 0.9％NaCl.The times and latency of twisting were recorded in each group.The expression level of serum related factors and the content of Ca2+in uterine tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Serum malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels were detected by thiobarbituric acid method and xanthine oxidase method.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of uterus in each group.The expression of uterine tissue protein was detected by Western blot.Results The prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α)/prostaglandin E2(PGE2)values of normal group,model group,evodiamine low dose group,evodiamine medium dose group,evodiamine high dose group and positive control group were 0.73±0.07,2.35±0.44,1.84±0.18,1.40±0.17,1.04±0.12,and 0.97±0.14;Ca2+content were(1.00±0.17),(2.57±0.33),(2.01±0.24),(1.68±0.11),(1.38±0.16)and(1.78±0.10)nmol·gprot-1;MDA levels were(3.11±0.19),(5.07±0.19),(4.54±0.18),(4.01±0.13),(3.37±0.25)and(4.25±0.37)nmol·mL-1;prostaglandin E receptor 2(EP2)protein levels were 0.25±0.03,0.75±0.09,0.62±0.06,0.53±0.06,0.32±0.03,0.72±0.07,respectively;the Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLPP3)protein levels were 0.35±0.04,0.87±0.07,0.71±0.03,0.58±0.04,0.42±0.03 and 0.82±0.05;the protein levels of cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-1(caspase-1)were 0.40±0.06,0.90±0.07,0.73±0.07,0.59±0.06,0.45±0.03 and 0.86±0.07,respectively.The above indicators,comparison between model group and normal group,comparison between evodiamine low,medium,high dose groups and model group,comparison between different dosage groups of evodiamine,the differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Evodiamine may improve primary dysmenorrhea in rats by inhibiting EP2/NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway.

Objective To explore the role of resveratrol in the immune response and proliferation of macrophages induced by homocysteine(Hcy).Methods ANA-1 cells were divided into control group(conventional culture),model group(100 μmol·L-1 Hcy),experimental-L,-M,-H groups(adding 25,50 and 100 μmol·L-1 resveratrol to model group,respectively),Hcy+Ad-SIRT1 group(100 μmol·L-1 Hcy+Ad-SIRT1),Hcy+si-FOXO1 group(100 μmol·L-1 Hcy+si-FOXO1),Hcy+Res-L+Ad-SIRT1+si-FOXO1 group(100 μmol·L-1 Hcy+25 μmol·L-1 Resveratrol transfected with Ad-SIRT1+si-FOXO1).The cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT),and the concentration of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the supernatant of cell culture medium was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The gene and protein expression of silencing information regulator 1(SIRT1)and forkhead protein 01(FOXO1)were detected by Western blot.Results The optical density of 450 nm in control group,model group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 0.25±0.02,0.36±0.02,0.33±0.01,0.30±0.02 and 0.29±0.01,respectively.Compared with the control group,the cell proliferation in the model group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Cell proliferation in experimental-L,-M,-H groups was significantly decreased compared with model group(all P＜0.05).IL-6 in the supernatant of cell culture medium of control group,model group and experimental-L group were(394.04±20.06),(614.23±21.09)and(501.53±16.52)pg·mL-1,respectively;TNF-α were(516.54±18.96),(717.22±24.81)and(632.74±19.11)pg·mL-1,respectively;SIRT1 relative protein expression were(1.00±0.05),(0.57±0.05)and(0.77±0.04),respectively;the relative protein expression of FOXO1 were 1.00±0.05,2.31±0.18 and 1.58±0.11,respectively.Compared with the control group,the above indexes in the experimental-L group had statistical significance(all P＜0.05).The contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in cell culture fluid supernatant in model group,experimental-L group,Hcy+Ad-SIRT1 group and Hcy+si-FOXO1 group were significantly lower than those in model group,with statistical significance(all P＜0.05).After co-transfection with Ad-SIRT1 and si-FOXO1,the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in cell culture medium superserum of experimental-L group were significantly lower than those of Ad-SIRT1 group and si-FOXO1 group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Resveratrol can attenuate the immune response and proliferation of macrophages induced by Hcy,which may be related to the alteration of SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway.