ObjectiveTo explore the scientific connotation of fried charcoal survivability of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos（LJF） by analyzing the correlation between the color change and the intrinsic components during the processing of LJF Carbonisata（LJFC）， and taking pH， charcoal adsorption and microscopic characteristics as indexes. MethodLJFC samples with different degrees of processing were prepared according to the stir-frying time of 0.0， 1.5， 3.0， 4.5， 6.0， 7.5， 9.0， 10.5 min（numbered S1-S8）， and the contents of gallic acid， chlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， rutin， luteoloside， isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the L^*（brightness）， a^*（red-greenness） and b^*（yellow-blueness） of LJFC samples with different degrees of processing were determined by spectrophotometer， and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis（PCA） between the contents of seven representative components and the color of the samples were carried out by SPSS 26. 0 and SIMCA-P 14.1. Then pH， adsorption force and characteristic structure of different samples of LJFC were detected and the processing pattern of LJFC was analyzed. ResultThe results of quantitative analysis revealed that the contents of luteoloside， rutin， chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A gradually decreased， and the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid， isochlorogenic acid C and gallic acid firstly increased and then decreased. The L^* and b^* of the sample powders decreased， and a^* showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The L^* and b^* were positively correlated with the contents of chlorogenic acid， rutin， luteoloside， isochlorogenic acid A， b^* was positively correlated with the content of gallic acid， and a^* was positively correlated with the contents of cryptochlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid C. PCA revealed that samples could be clearly divided into 3 groups， S1-S2 as one group， S3-S5 as one group， and S6-S8 as one group， with S3 having the highest score. The results of regression analysis showed that only isochlorogenic acid C could be used to predict the contents of components by colorimetric values combined with regression equations. Physicochemical analysis showed that pH of LJFC increased with the increase of degree of charcoal stir-frying， while adsorption force showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing， with the highest adsorption force in the S5 sample， and the non-glandular hairs， calcium oxalate clusters and pollen grains had a varying degree of decreasing with the deepening of processing degree， and the microstructures of S6-S8 samples were obviously charred with pollen grains almost invisible. ConclusionThe changes in chemical composition and color characteristics of LJFC during the processing have certain correlations， combined with the changes in physicochemical properties， S5 sample is found to be the optimal processed products， which can provide a reference for the processing standardization and quality evaluation of LJFC， and enrich the scientific connotation of fried charcoal survivability of LJF.

Traumatic fractures and stress fractures are common orthopedic diseases,and there is great potential in researching bone turnover,repair,and promotion of fracture healing.Basic medical experiments often use animal models of long bone fractures in limbs to study the mechanisms of various interventions on fracture healing.Fracture healing is a complex process influenced by multiple factors and involves multiple molecules and pathways.Therefore,to explore the mechanisms more deeply,accelerate the translation of results,and improve the clinical efficacy,it is particularly important to choose the appropriate animal fracture modeling methods in experimental research.Based on this,this paper conducts a literature review of animal species and modeling methods commonly used for long bone fracture models in experimental research.It summarizes five methods:bone defect method,physical impact method,mechanical bending method,open osteotomy method,and drilling method.A side-by-side comparison of their advantages,disadvantages,and scope of application is made,aiming to provide suitable fracture models for studyingthe mechanisms of fracture healing interventions.

Objective - - To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of multi site work related musculoskeletal disorders （ ） Methods WMSDs in surgeons. A total of 102 surgeons from four hospitals were selected as study subjects by convenient sampling method. The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of ， Results WMSDs in the past one year the related individuals and occupational factors. The total prevalence of WMSDs among （ ）， （ ） （ ） surgeons was 54.9%. The top three sites were neck 48.0% lower back 35.3% and shoulder 32.4% . The prevalence of （ vs ，P ） WMSDs in multiple sites was higher than that in a single site 43.1% 11.8% <0.01 . Multivariate logistic regression ， ， analysis showed that surgeons who smoked were tired at work and had a bent back had a higher risk of developing WMSDs ［ （ - ）， （ - ）， （ - ）， P ］ odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 3.66 1.41 9.46 8.33 2.15 32.20 and 18.74 2.14 166.77 all <0.01 Conclusion - after excluding the influence of confounding factors. The prevalence rate of multi site WMSDs among surgeons is ， high and the influencing factors include bad living habits and occupational factors such as working load and working posture.

Arabidopsis thaliana is an important and long-established model species for plant molec-ular biology,genetics,epigenetics,and genomics.However,the latest version of reference genome still contains a significant number of missing segments.Here,we reported a high-quality and almost complete Col-0 genome assembly with two gaps(named Col-XJTU)by combining the Oxford Nanopore Technologies ultra-long reads,Pacific Biosciences high-fidelity long reads,and Hi-C data.The total genome assembly size is 133,725,193 bp,introducing 14.6 Mb of novel sequences compared to the TAIR1 0.1 reference genome.All five chromosomes of the Col-XJTU assembly are highly accurate with consensus quality(QV)scores＞60(ranging from 62 to 68),which are higher than those of the TAIR10.1 reference(ranging from 45 to 52).We completely resolved chro-mosome(Chr)3 and Chr5 in a telomere-to-telomere manner.Chr4 was completely resolved except the nucleolar organizing regions,which comprise long repetitive DNA fragments.The Chr1 cen-tromere(CEN1),reportedly around 9 Mb in length,is particularly challenging to assemble due to the presence of tens of thousands of CEN180 satellite repeats.Using the cutting-edge sequencing data and novel computational approaches,we assembled a 3.8-Mb-long CEN1 and a 3.5-Mb-long CEN2.We also investigated the structure and epigenetics of centromeres.Four clusters of CEN180 monomers were detected,and the centromere-specific histone H3-like protein(CENH3)exhibited a strong preference for CEN 180 Cluster 3.Moreover,we observed hypomethylation patterns in CENH3-enriched regions.We believe that this high-quality genome assembly,Col-XJTU,would serve as a valuable reference to better understand the global pattern of centromeric polymorphisms,as well as the genetic and epigenetic features in plants.

Although there is guidance from different regulatory agencies, there are opportunities to bring greater consistency and stronger applicability to address the practical issues of establishing and operating a data monitoring committee (DMC) for clinical studies of Chinese medicine. We names it as a Chinese Medicine Data Monitoring Committee (CMDMC). A panel composed of clinical and statistical experts shared their experience and thoughts on the important aspects of CMDMCs. Subsequently, a community standard on CMDMCs (T/CACM 1323-2019) was issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on September 12, 2019. This paper summarizes the key content of this standard to help the sponsors of clinical studies establish and operate CMDMCs, which will further develop the scientific integrity and quality of clinical studies.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rTMS for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with cognitive dysfunction were retrieved from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP and SinoMed from the establishment of these databases to June, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the articles, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. Results:A total of ten RCTs with 368 patients were included. Subgroup analysis showed that rTMS could improve the single cognitive function (SMD = 1.00, 95%CI 0.04 to 1.96, P = 0.04) but for overall cognitive function (SMD = 0.47, 95%CI -0.05 to 0.98, P = 0.08). rTMS was well tolerated, that the adverse reactions such as dizziness and mild headache were not significantly different from the control group (RR = 1.67, 95%CI 0.98 to 2.86, P = 0.06). Conclusions:It is still uncertain in the effectiveness of rTMS on cognitive dysfunction after TBI, but it is well tolerated.

Objective: Osteoporosis has become the biggest cause of non-fatal health issue. Currently, the limitations of traditional anti-osteoporosis drugs such as long-term ill-effects and drug resistance, have raised concerns toward complementary and alternative therapies, particularly herbal medicines and their natural active compounds. Thus, this study aimed to provide an integrative analysis of active chemicals, drug targets and interacting pathways of the herbs for osteoporosis treatment. Methods: Here, we introduced a systematic pharmacology model, combining the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) screening model, drug targeting and network pharmacology, to probe into the therapeutic mechanisms of herbs in osteoporosis. Results: We obtained 86 natural compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and their 58 targets from seven osteoporosis-related herbs. Network analysis revealed that they probably synergistically work through multiple mechanisms, such as suppressing inflammatory response, maintaining bone metabolism or improving organism immunity, to benefit patients with osteoporosis. Furthermore, experimental results showed that all the five compounds (calycosin, asperosaponin VI, hederagenin, betulinic acid and luteolin) enhanced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro, which corroborated the validity of this system pharmacology approach. Notably, gentisin and aureusidin among the identified compounds were first predicted to be associated with osteoporosis. Conclusion: Herbs and their natural compounds, being characterized as the classical combination therapies, might be engaged in multiple mechanisms to coordinately improve the osteoporosis symptoms. This work may contribute to offer novel strategies and clues for the therapy and drug discovery of osteoporosis and other complex diseases.

Objective:To investigate the immobilizing effect of full-thickness skin subcutaneous grafting on allogeneic full-thickness skin graft in rats.Methods:The experimental research method was used. The inbred male Brown-Norway rats ( n=10) and Lewis rats ( n=10) were used as donors and recipients respectively. After subcutaneously full-thickness separation of a 2.2 cm×2.2 cm area on the nape of the recipient rat, a full-thickness skin of 2.0 cm×2.0 cm taken from the abdomen of the donor rat was subcutaneously grafted, and the donor site was pulled together and sutured. The autologous skin over the allograft in the recipient rat was excised 5-6 d after grafting, and the stitches were removed 7 d after excision. Within 2 months after grafting, the feeding, activity, and survival of the donor and recipient rats, behavior of tearing and scratching the wounds of the recipient rats, the wound condition after autologous skin excision in recipient rats, and the survival and hair growth of the grafted allogeneic skin were observed. Results:Within 2 months after grafting, the donor and recipient rats all ate normally and could move freely with no abnormal death. No tearing or scratching of the wounds occurred in recipient rats. There was a small amount of exudation and partial epidermal desquamation after autologous skin excision in recipient rats. All transplanted allografts survived, which were free of infection and necrosis, with new hairs growing out smoothly.Conclusions:The immobilizing method of full-thickness skin subcutaneous grafting of allogeneic full-thickness skin graft in rats is simple and time-saving without postoperative dressing change, with reliable pressure fixation and high survival rate of skin grafts, which can be promoted for animal skin grafting models.

Objective:The study aimed to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exo) in promoting angiogenesis of fat grafts by regulating Notch signaling pathway.Methods:Fat from the abdomen of a 30-year-old healthy female who received liposuction in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University in August 2020 was collected. Fat transplantation models were established using 12 BALB/c nude mice, with 0.5 ml of processed fat particles injected into the left and right sides of the backs. 100 μl BMSC-Exo (50 μg) was injected into the left side of the back of nude mice once per week for 4 weeks after fat grafting, which was the exosome group. The right side of the back was injected with 100 μl of phosphate-buffered saline at the same time points for 4 weeks after fat grafting, which was the control group. The following items were observed: (1) Fat grafts were collected and weighed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after transplantation, the retention rate was calculated. (2) HE staining and immunofluorescence staining of Perilipin A was used to visualize the structure and integrity of adipocytes at 8 weeks after transplantation. (3) At 8 weeks after transplantation, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect CD31 positive cells, calculate micro vessel density, detect Notch1 and Notch4 positive cells and calculate the proportion of positive area.(4) At 8 weeks after transplantation, the relative expressions levels of Notch1, Notch4 and VEGF mRNA in fat grafts were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8.0. T-test was used for comparison between groups. P<0.05 indicated the difference was statistically significant. Results:(1) At 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, the retention rates of adipose tissue wet weight in the control group were (41.15±9.68)% and (34.30±6.45)% respectively. The results in the exosome group were (61.77±10.98)% and (55.93±5.89)%, which were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). (2) At 8 weeks after transplantation, the structural integrity of adipocytes in the exosome group was better than the control group, with more neovascularization. There were more intact Perilipin A positive adipocytes in the exosome group and less in the control group. (3) At 8 weeks after transplantation, the density of micro vessels in the control group was 4.67±0.57, which was significantly lower than that in the exosome group (13.00±2.00, P<0.05). The proportion of Notch1 and Notch4 positive area per visual field in the control group was lower than that in the exosome group [(0.53±0.28)% vs. (1.67±0.11)%, (0.11±0.06)% vs. (1.20±0.24)%, P<0.05]. (4) The mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Notch4 and VEGF were 1.53±0.20, 1.50±0.26 and 2.56±0.55 in the exosome group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.00+ 0.00) ( P<0.05). Conclusions:BMSC-Exo may promote angiogenesis and improve retention rate of transplanted fat grafts through the elevation of VEGF expression and the activation of Notch signaling pathway.

Objective:The study aimed to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exo) in promoting angiogenesis of fat grafts by regulating Notch signaling pathway.Methods:Fat from the abdomen of a 30-year-old healthy female who received liposuction in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University in August 2020 was collected. Fat transplantation models were established using 12 BALB/c nude mice, with 0.5 ml of processed fat particles injected into the left and right sides of the backs. 100 μl BMSC-Exo (50 μg) was injected into the left side of the back of nude mice once per week for 4 weeks after fat grafting, which was the exosome group. The right side of the back was injected with 100 μl of phosphate-buffered saline at the same time points for 4 weeks after fat grafting, which was the control group. The following items were observed: (1) Fat grafts were collected and weighed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after transplantation, the retention rate was calculated. (2) HE staining and immunofluorescence staining of Perilipin A was used to visualize the structure and integrity of adipocytes at 8 weeks after transplantation. (3) At 8 weeks after transplantation, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect CD31 positive cells, calculate micro vessel density, detect Notch1 and Notch4 positive cells and calculate the proportion of positive area.(4) At 8 weeks after transplantation, the relative expressions levels of Notch1, Notch4 and VEGF mRNA in fat grafts were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8.0. T-test was used for comparison between groups. P<0.05 indicated the difference was statistically significant. Results:(1) At 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, the retention rates of adipose tissue wet weight in the control group were (41.15±9.68)% and (34.30±6.45)% respectively. The results in the exosome group were (61.77±10.98)% and (55.93±5.89)%, which were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). (2) At 8 weeks after transplantation, the structural integrity of adipocytes in the exosome group was better than the control group, with more neovascularization. There were more intact Perilipin A positive adipocytes in the exosome group and less in the control group. (3) At 8 weeks after transplantation, the density of micro vessels in the control group was 4.67±0.57, which was significantly lower than that in the exosome group (13.00±2.00, P<0.05). The proportion of Notch1 and Notch4 positive area per visual field in the control group was lower than that in the exosome group [(0.53±0.28)% vs. (1.67±0.11)%, (0.11±0.06)% vs. (1.20±0.24)%, P<0.05]. (4) The mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Notch4 and VEGF were 1.53±0.20, 1.50±0.26 and 2.56±0.55 in the exosome group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.00+ 0.00) ( P<0.05). Conclusions:BMSC-Exo may promote angiogenesis and improve retention rate of transplanted fat grafts through the elevation of VEGF expression and the activation of Notch signaling pathway.