Purpose: Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and their babies are affected by complications and congenital abnormalities during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for cardiac anomalies and the characteristics of pregestational DM and GDM in mothers and babies in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study used medical records from Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital between January 2013 and July 2021. We studied 1983 infants, with 335 neonates from mothers with DM. Results: Body weight and body mass index were high in mothers with pregestational DM at delivery (p<0.005). The rate of preterm births was lower in the pregestational DM group than in the GDM group. Furthermore, the cardiac anomaly rate was high in the pregestational DM group (p<0.001). The rate of hyperbilirubinemia in the DM group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no significant risk factors for congenital heart disease. Conclusion DM in pregnant women is associated with congenital anomalies. Therefore, the appropriate management of mothers with DM is important for the prognosis of their neonates.

Purpose: Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and their babies are affected by complications and congenital abnormalities during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for cardiac anomalies and the characteristics of pregestational DM and GDM in mothers and babies in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study used medical records from Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital between January 2013 and July 2021. We studied 1983 infants, with 335 neonates from mothers with DM. Results: Body weight and body mass index were high in mothers with pregestational DM at delivery (p<0.005). The rate of preterm births was lower in the pregestational DM group than in the GDM group. Furthermore, the cardiac anomaly rate was high in the pregestational DM group (p<0.001). The rate of hyperbilirubinemia in the DM group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no significant risk factors for congenital heart disease. Conclusion DM in pregnant women is associated with congenital anomalies. Therefore, the appropriate management of mothers with DM is important for the prognosis of their neonates.

Purpose: Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and their babies are affected by complications and congenital abnormalities during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for cardiac anomalies and the characteristics of pregestational DM and GDM in mothers and babies in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study used medical records from Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital between January 2013 and July 2021. We studied 1983 infants, with 335 neonates from mothers with DM. Results: Body weight and body mass index were high in mothers with pregestational DM at delivery (p<0.005). The rate of preterm births was lower in the pregestational DM group than in the GDM group. Furthermore, the cardiac anomaly rate was high in the pregestational DM group (p<0.001). The rate of hyperbilirubinemia in the DM group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no significant risk factors for congenital heart disease. Conclusion DM in pregnant women is associated with congenital anomalies. Therefore, the appropriate management of mothers with DM is important for the prognosis of their neonates.

Purpose: Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and their babies are affected by complications and congenital abnormalities during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for cardiac anomalies and the characteristics of pregestational DM and GDM in mothers and babies in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study used medical records from Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital between January 2013 and July 2021. We studied 1983 infants, with 335 neonates from mothers with DM. Results: Body weight and body mass index were high in mothers with pregestational DM at delivery (p<0.005). The rate of preterm births was lower in the pregestational DM group than in the GDM group. Furthermore, the cardiac anomaly rate was high in the pregestational DM group (p<0.001). The rate of hyperbilirubinemia in the DM group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no significant risk factors for congenital heart disease. Conclusion DM in pregnant women is associated with congenital anomalies. Therefore, the appropriate management of mothers with DM is important for the prognosis of their neonates.

Purpose: Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and their babies are affected by complications and congenital abnormalities during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for cardiac anomalies and the characteristics of pregestational DM and GDM in mothers and babies in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study used medical records from Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital between January 2013 and July 2021. We studied 1983 infants, with 335 neonates from mothers with DM. Results: Body weight and body mass index were high in mothers with pregestational DM at delivery (p<0.005). The rate of preterm births was lower in the pregestational DM group than in the GDM group. Furthermore, the cardiac anomaly rate was high in the pregestational DM group (p<0.001). The rate of hyperbilirubinemia in the DM group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no significant risk factors for congenital heart disease. Conclusion DM in pregnant women is associated with congenital anomalies. Therefore, the appropriate management of mothers with DM is important for the prognosis of their neonates.

Purpose: Despite enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and/or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I or II often experience significant growth deficiencies. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) treatment in children diagnosed with MPS I or II. Materials and Methods: A total of nine pediatric patients—four with MPS I and five with MPS II—underwent treatment with ERT and hGH at Samsung Medical Center. Results: The mean hGH dose administered was 0.26±0.03 mg/kg/week. In the MPS I group, three patients showed an increase in height Z-score from –4.09±0.83 to –3.68±0.43 after 1 year of hGH treatment, and to –3.10±0.72 by the end of the hGH regimen. In the MPS II group, while the height Z-score of four patients decreased according to standard growth charts, it improved from 1.61±1.79 to 2.71±1.68 based on the disease-specific growth chart through hGH treatment. Two patients discontinued hGH treatment due to lack of efficacy after 22 and 6 months each of treatment, respectively. No new-onset neurological symptoms or necessity for prosthetic or orthopedic surgery were reported during hGH treatment. Conclusion This study provides insights into the impact of hGH on MPS patients, demonstrating its potential to reverse growth deceleration in some cases. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of hGH on changes in body composition, muscle strength, and bone health in this population.

Background: We analyzed hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and various lung function test results in healthy individuals after a 6-year follow-up period to explore the influence of lung function changes on glycemic control. Methods: Subjects whose HbA1c levels did not qualify as diabetes mellitus (DM) and who had at least two consecutive lung function tests were selected among the people who visited a health promotion center. Lung function parameters, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flow 25% to 75% (FEF25%−75%), were divided into four groups based on their baseline quantiles. To evaluate future DM onset risk in relation to lung function changes, the correlation between baseline HbA1c levels and changes in lung function parameters after a 6-year follow-up period was analyzed. Results: Overall, 17,568 individuals were included; 0.9% of the subjects were diagnosed with DM. The individuals included in the quartile with FEV1/FVC ratio values of 78% to 82% had lower risk of DM than those in the quartile with FEV1/FVC ratio values of ≥86% after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (P=0.04). Baseline percent predicted FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEF25%−75%, and differences in the FEV1/FVC ratio or FEF25%−75%, showed negative linear correlations with baseline HbA1c levels. Conclusion Healthy subjects with FEV1/FVC ratio values between 78% and 82% had 40% lower risk for future DM. Smaller differences and lower baseline FEV1/FVC ratio or FEF25%−75% values were associated with higher baseline HbA1c levels. These findings suggest that airflow limitation affects systemic glucose control and that the FEV1/FVC ratio could be one of the factors predicting future DM risk in healthy individuals.

Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 100 million confirmed cases of human infectious disease (COVID-19) since December 2019 to paralyze our global community. However, only limited access has been allowed to COVID-19 vaccines and antiviral treatment options. Here, we report the efficacy of the anticancer drug pralatrexate against SARS-CoV-2. In Vero and human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells, pralatrexate reduced viral RNA copies of SARS-CoV-2 without detectable cytotoxicity, and viral replication was successfully inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. In a time-to-addition assay, pralatrexate treatment at almost half a day after infection also exhibited inhibitory effects on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of pralatrexate as a drug repurposing COVID-19 remedy.