OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory effect of chidamide on CD8⁺ T cells in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS: The expression levels of CXCL9 and CXCL3 mRNA in Jurkat cells, lymphocytes treated with chidamide and lymphocytes co-cultured with chidamide-treated Jurkat cells were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in lymphocytes treated with chidamide and lymphocytes co-cultured with chidamide-treated Jurkat cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Chidamide upregulated CXCL9 mRNA expression in Jurkat cell line in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.950). The mRNA expression of CXCL9 in chidamide 5 μmol/L group was 164 times higher than that in control group. Chidamide upregulated CXCL9 mRNA expression in lymphocytes, but the up-regulated level was significantly lower than that in Jurkat cell line treated with the same concentration of chidamide. Co-culture with chidamide treated Jurkat cells upregulated the proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in lymphocytes. CONCLUSION In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chidamide may increase the concentration of CXCL9 in the tumor microenvironment by up-regulating the expression of CXCL9 in tumor cells, leading to an increase in the number of CD8⁺ T cells.
Humans ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Aminopyridines/pharmacology* ; Jurkat Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis ; Tumor Microenvironment

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of methionine restriction on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human acute leukemia cells. METHODS: Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the effect of methionine restriction on HL-60 and Jurkat cells proliferation. The effect of methionine restriction on cell cycle of HL-60 and Jurkat cells was examined by PI staining. Annexin V-FITC / PI double staining was applied to detect apoptosis of HL-60 and Jurkat cells following methionine restriction. The expression of cell cycle-related proteins cyclin B1, CDC2 and apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 was evaluated by Western blot assay. RESULTS: Methionine restriction significantly inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 and Jurkat cells in a time-dependent manner (HL-60: r =0.7773, Jurkat: r =0.8725), arrested the cells at G2/M phase (P < 0.001), and significantly induced apoptosis of HL-60 and Jurkat cells (HL-60: P < 0.001; Jurkat: P < 0.05). Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that methionine restriction significantly reduced the proteins expression of Cyclin B1 (P < 0.05), CDC2 (P < 0.01) and Bcl-2 (P < 0.001) in HL-60 and Jurkat cells. CONCLUSION Acute leukemia cells HL-60 and Jurkat exhibit methionine dependence. Methionine restriction can significantly inhibit the proliferation, promote cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis of HL-60 and Jurkat cells, which suggests that methionine restriction may be a potential therapeutic strategy for acute leukemia.
Humans ; Cyclin B1/pharmacology* ; Cell Proliferation ; Methionine/pharmacology* ; Cell Cycle ; Apoptosis ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Cell Division ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Jurkat Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism* ; HL-60 Cells

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, and the mechanism of SLE is yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the role of two-pore segment channel 2 (TPCN2) in SLE pathogenesis. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of TPCN2 in SLE. We performed a loss-of-function assay by lentiviral construct in Jurkat and THP-1 cell. Knockdown of TPCN2 were confirmed at the RNA level by qRT-PCR and protein level by Western blotting. Cell Count Kit-8 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of TPCN2-deficient cells. In addition, gene expression profile of TPCN2-deficient cells was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS: TPCN2 knockdown with short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated lentiviruses inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest of G2/M phase in both Jurkat and THP-1 cells. We analyzed the transcriptome of knockdown-TPCN2-Jurkat cells, and screened the differential genes, which were enriched for the G2/M checkpoint, complement, and interleukin-6-Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways, as well as changes in levels of forkhead box O, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin, and T cell receptor pathways; moreover, TPCN2 significantly influenced cellular processes and biological regulation. CONCLUSION TPCN2 might be a potential protective factor against SLE.
Apoptosis/genetics* ; Cell Division ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of down-regulation of long non-coding RNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (LncRNA-HOTAIRM1) to the proliferation and apoptosis of Jurkat in human leukemia T lymphocytes, and explore its mechanism. METHODS: Jurkat cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group, HOTAIRM1 siRNA-NC group and HOTAIRM1 siRNA group; the expressions of LncRNA-HOTAIRM1 mRNA, KIT receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) mRNA and serine threonine kinase (AKT) mRNA in Jurkat cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantification (RT-qPCR); the proliferation of Jurkat cells in each groups was detected by CCK-8 method; the apoptosis of Jurkat cells in each groups was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining; the expressions of KIT, AKT, p-KIT, p-AKT, B-lymphoma-2 gene (BCL-2) and Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the cells in the control group and HOTAIRM1 siRNA-NC group, the expression level of LncRNA-HOTAIRM1 mRNA, cell survival rate, expression levels of KIT mRNA, AKT mRNA, p-KIT, p-AKT and BCL-2 proteins in Jurkat cells in HOTAIRM1 siRNA group were significantly lower (P<0.05), while the expression level of Cleared Caspase-3 protein and Jurkat cell apoptosis rate were significantly higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION LncRNA-HOTAIRM1 may inhibit Jurkat cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through KIT/AKT signaling pathway.
Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*

Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) has been used to treat tumor in China for more than 40 years. However, its components and effectiveness in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its mechanism of anti-cancer activity remain unknown. In the current study, high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was used to analyze the components of BJOE. Then, the anti-leukemia effects of BJOE were examined both in vitro and in vivo using ALL Jurkat cells and the p388 mouse leukemia transplant model, respectively. The primary ALL leukemia cells were also used to confirm the anti-leukemia effects of BJOE. The apoptotic-related results indicated that BJOE induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells and were suggestive of intrinsic apoptotic induction. Moreover, BJOE inhibited Akt (protein kinase B) activation and upregulated its downstream targets p53 and FoxO1 (forkhead box gene, group O-1) to initiate apoptosis. The activation of GSK3β was also involved. Our findings demonstrate that BJOE has anti-leukemia effects on ALL cells and can induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells through the phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K) /Akt signaling pathway.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brucea/chemistry* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Plant Oils/pharmacology* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Seeds/chemistry* ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) Jurkat cell. METHODS: The effects of DHA on the proliferation of Jurkat cells and the recovery of DHA-inhibited cell viability by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were examined by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell apoptosis and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western-blot was used to detected protein expression of DNA damage-related genes, as well as apoptosis-associated genes, respectively. RESULTS: DHA inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells, and shows a concentration-dependent manner(r =0.936), and NAC could partially restore the activity of DHA on cell proliferation inhibition. With the increase of drug concentration, the apoptosis rate (r =0.946) and ROS accumulation was increased (r =0.965). Western blot showed that the protein expressions of DNA damage-related gene γ-H2AX and apoptosis-related genes p53, c-Caspase3, BAX and cPARP were significantly increased, and BCL-2 protein expression was decreased. CONCLUSION DHA can induce ROS production in Jurkat cells, which can cause DNA damage, activate the P53 apoptotic pathway, and promote apoptosis of cells.
Apoptosis ; Artemisinins ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Oxidative Stress ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Reactive Oxygen Species

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of regulating A20 expression on NF-κB and biological characteristics of Jurkat cells with glucocorticoid (GC) resistance. METHODS: CCRF CEM and Jurkat cells were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) at concentrations of 100、10、1、0.1、0.01 and 0.001 μmol/L, and cultured for 24、48 and 72 h. The proliferation inhibition rate of Jurkat cell was detected by CCK-8. A20 plasmid was constructed, A20-siRNA was designed and synthesized, and transfected into Jurkat cells by liposome. CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation rates of Jurkat cells in different concentrations of DEX group, DEX combined with A20 plasmid group and A20-siRNA group. The mRNA expression level of NF-κB was detected by RT-qPCR, the protein expression level of NF-κB was detected by Western blot, and the apoptosis of Jurkat cells was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of DEX at different concentrations on the growth of CCRF CEM cells were time-dependent (r=0.984, P＜0.05) and concentration-dependent (r=0.966, P＜0.05). At the point of 24 hour, the IC approached 1 μmol/L in CCRF CEM cells. Great large differences began to appear between 1 and 10 μmol/L, the proliferation rate of Jurkat cells treated with 1 μmol/L DEX did not show a significant change. Therefore, 1 μmol/L was selected as control group. The cell proliferation rate of A20 plasmid transfection combined with different concentrations of DEX group was lower than that of DEX group and A20-siRNA combined with DEX group. After transfection of A20 plasmid, the expression level of NF-κB was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05), and the apoptotic rate was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05). After transfection of Jurkat cells with A20-siRNA, the expression level of NF-κB was significantly higher than that of control group (P＜0.05). The apoptotic rate of cells in A20-siRNA group was not significantly changed (P＞0.05). CONCLUSION Jurkat cells are resistant to DEX. A20 overexpression combined with DEX can increase sensitivity of Jurkat cells with GC resistance and decrease the proliferation rate of Jurkat cells, down-regulate the expression level of NF-κB and promote the apoptosis of Jurkat cells.
Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; NF-kappa B ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of down-regulating the CD59 gene expression by RNAi lentivirus as vector on Jurkat cell line of acute T-lineage leukemia. METHODS: The expression of CD59 in Jurkat cell line of acute T-line leukemia was induced to decrease by RNAi lentivirus as vector. The transfection of RNA lentivirus and the localization of CD59 molecule were analyzed by laser confocal technique. The relative expression of CD59 gene in blank control, negative control and RNAi lentivirus transfected group was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of TNF-β and IL-3 in supernatants of cultured cells in 3 groups. The expression levels of apoptosis-related molecules including Caspase-3, Survivin, BCL-2 and BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: The transfection efficiency for Jurkat cells was higher than 90%. CD59 was mainly located on the cell membrane. Compared with the blank control group and the negative control group, the expression level of CD59 mRNA and protein in the RNAi lentivirus transfected group significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group and the negative control group, the expression of TNF-β and IL-3 in the RNAi lentivirus transfected group were significantly higher and lower (P<0.05) respectively. The expression levels of Survivin and BCL-2 in the RNAi lentivirus transfected group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and the negative control group, while the expression levels of Caspase-3 and BAX in the RNAi lentivirus transfected group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group and the negative control group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION The down-regulation of CD59 gene expression induced by RNAi lenti-virus can decrease the expression of proliferation and differentiation-promoting molecule such as IL-3 and increase the expression of TNF-related factor in Jurkat cell line of acute T-lineage leukemia, which also can increase the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Caspase-3 and BAX, and decrease the expression of anti-apoptosis-related proteins such as Survivin and BCL-2.
Apoptosis ; CD59 Antigens ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Lentivirus ; Leukemia ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of β-arrestin1 gene on senescence of T-ALL cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS: The bone marrow specimens of T-ALL patients and controls were collected, the expression of β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin1 in the T-ALL patients was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, and the relation of β-arrestin1 expression with the clinical pathologic characteristics and the prognosis of T-ALL patients was analyzed statistically. The stable Jurkat cell line with knocked down or overexpressed β-arrestin1 was constructed, the CCK method was used to detect the Jurkat cell number, the β-gal staining was used to analyze the effect of β-arrestin1 on senescence of Jurkat cells, the cross analysis of RNA-Seg data and KEGG data was performed for screening the possible signaling pathway, and Western blot was performed for varifying the key sites of signaling pathway. RESULTS: The β-arrestin1 expression in specimens of T-ALL patients decreased (P＜0.01), moreover the β-arrestin1 expression negatively related with peripheral blood cell number (r=-0.601), the blasts in peripheral blood (r=-0.516) and extramedullary infiltration (r=-0.359), while positively related with the response to chemotherapy (r=0.393). The detection of stable Jurkat cell line with knocked-down and overexpressed β-arrestin1 found that the β-arrestin 1 could decrease the Jurkat cell number and accelarate the senescence of Jurkat cells (P＜0.05). The cross analysis of RNA-Seg data and KEGG data showed that the senescence of T-ALL cells may be regulated via RAS-P16-PRb-E2F1 by β-arrestin 1. Western bolt confirmed that β-arrestin1 promoted the expression of Ras and p16, and decreased the expression of pRB and E2F1 (P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS β-arrestin1 accelerates the senescence of Jurkat cells via Ras-p16-pRb-E2F1, and delays the progression in T-ALL, which may provide a new hypothesis for the pathogenesis of T-ALL.
Cellular Senescence ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Prognosis ; beta-Arrestin 1 ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of Ginsenoside (Rh2) on human acute T lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells and it mechamism. METHODS: The effects of different concentration of Rh2 (0, 10 , 20, 40 and 80 µg/ml) on the proliferation activity of Jurkat cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, and the semi-inhibitory concentration (IC) of Rh2 on Jurkat cells at 48 h was calculated. Microscopy and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining were used to observe the apoptosis of Jurkat cells treated with IC Rh2 for 48 h. And then, the cell experiment was divided into 4 groups: control, Rh2 (IC), PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (50 µmol/l) and Rh2 (IC) + LY294002 (50 µmol/l). After synchronous culture for 48 h, the apoptosis and cycle changes of Jurkat cells were detected by using PI single staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of apoptosis-related protein BAX, BCL-2, Cleaved-Caspasase 3, cell cycle-related protein Cyclin D1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related protein AKT and p-AKT. RESULTS: Rh2 (10-80 µg/ml) inhibited the Jurkat cell proliferation in a dose-time dependent manner (r = 0.999, P＜0.01; r = 0.991; P＞0.05), accompanied by obvious morphological changes of apoptosis cells. Flow cytometry showed that compared with the control group, the cell apoptosis rate in Rh2 or LY294002 group significantly increased, and the cell cycle was mostly blocked in G0/G1 phase. However, the cell apoptosis and cell cycle block in Rh2+LY294002 group were more significant than that in Rh2 and LY294002 group. Western blot showed that compared with the control group, Rh2 significantly promoted the expression of BAX and Cleaved-Caspasase 3, inhibited the expression of BCL-2, Cyclin D1 and p-AKT, furthermore LY294002 significantly promoted this effect. CONCLUSION Rh2 can induce the apoptosis of Jurkat cells in time-dose dependent manner, moreover, Rh2 also can result in an obvious block of Jurkat cells at G0/G1, that may be closely related to a series of apoptotic signaling cascades mediated by Rh2 inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway.
Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Ginsenosides ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma