⁶³Ni is predominantly generated through neutron activation in nuclear reactors and is classified as a pure beta-emitting radionuclide with a half-life of 101.1 a. During decay, ⁶³Ni emits a beta ray with an energy of 65.87 keV. ⁶³Ni can be used in the manufacture of beta radiation sources, which are utilized as reference and working sources for beta activity measurement and beta energy response calibration. Additionally, it is used in electron capture detectors for chromatography, ionization sources in electron tubes, and electron capture probes in gas chromatography. These instruments have extensive applications in food safety, public health and epidemic prevention, soil pollution monitoring, and security. ⁶³Ni is an artificial radionuclide not commonly found in the natural environment under normal conditions. However, the ⁶³Ni generated during routine operations of nuclear power plants, as well as residual materials and wastes contaminated with ⁶³Ni during plant decommissioning, may be released into the environment through liquid effluents or solid wastes. This can pose potential radiation risks to both the public and the environment. Hence, it is necessary to monitor the activity concentration of ⁶³Ni. Currently, reports on this subject are limited in China, and there is a lack of established standards for the determination of ⁶³Ni in nuclear power plants. This article reviews the global literature on the pretreatment and purification measurement processes of ⁶³Ni. The merits and demerits are summarized for pretreatment methods such as acid leaching, mixed acid digestion, ashing acid leaching/dissolution, and alkali fusion, and for separation and purification methods like solvent extraction, precipitation, and extraction chromatography. The article also highlights the advantages of measurement using liquid scintillation counters. This review provides a reference for the establishment of the determination method of ⁶³Ni in liquid effluents and solid wastes from nuclear power plants.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined with anterograde channel screw technique for the treatment of acetabular transverse and posterior wall fractures. METHODS: Between March 2020 and October 2022, 17 cases of acetabular transverse and posterior wall fractures were treated with the single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined with anterograde channel screw technique. There were 11 males and 6 females, with an average age of 53.6 years (range, 42-64 years). Causes of injury included traffic accident in 12 cases, and falling from height in 5 cases. The time from injury to operation ranged from 4 to 16 days with an average of 8.8 days. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and fluoroscopy frequency were recorded; X-ray films were reviewed regularly after operation to observe the fracture healing, and postoperative complications were recorded. At last follow-up, Matta score was used to evaluate the reduction of fracture, Harris score and modified Merle D'Aubigné-Postel scores system were used to evaluate the hip joint function. RESULTS: The operation time was 150-230 minutes (mean, 185.9 minutes), the intraoperative blood loss was 385-520 mL (mean, 446.2 mL), and the fluoroscopy frequency was 18-34 times (mean, 27.5 times). Postoperative fat liquefaction occurred in 1 case and the other incisions healed by first intention; 3 cases had limb numbness after operation, and the symptoms disappeared after active symptomatic treatment; no urogenital system and intestinal injury occurred. All patients were followed up 12-28 months (mean, 19.9 months). Bone union was achieved in all cases with an average healing time of 10.8 weeks (range, 8-14 weeks). There was no complication such as loosening and breakage of internal fixators. At last follow-up, according to Matta score, 12 cases achieved anatomic reduction, 3 satisfactory reduction, and 2 fair reduction, the satisfactory rate was 88.2%; according to Harris hip function score, 12 cases were excellent, 3 good, and 2 fair, the excellent and good rate was 88.2%; according to the modified Merle D'Aubign Aubigné-Postel scoring system, the results were excellent in 11 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 3 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 82.4%. CONCLUSION The single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined with anterograde channel screw technique is a minimally invasive method for the treatment of acetabular transverse and posterior wall fractures with less complications, simple operation, and satisfactory effectiveness.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Treatment Outcome ; Fractures, Bone/surgery* ; Acetabulum/injuries* ; Bone Screws ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND:Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fracture is a typical unstable fracture characterized by high vertical shear force and high incidence of postoperative complications.At present,there are many fixation methods for Pauwels Ⅲ fracture,and there is no clear conclusion as to which internal fixation is the best fixation method for Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fracture in young adults. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effect of three inverted triangle cannulated screws assisted transverse lag screws and femoral neck system in fixing Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fractures of young adults. METHODS:From May 2021 to December 2022,21 young and middle-aged patients with Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fracture were treated with three inverted triangle cannulated screws assisted by transverse lag screws and femoral neck system in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University.Of them,9 patients were treated with three inverted triangle cannulated screws and one transverse lag screws perpendicular to the fracture line as the 3+1 cannulated screw group and 12 patients were treated with femoral neck system as the femoral neck system group.The two fixation methods were compared in terms of operation time,intraoperative blood loss,total incision length,intraoperative fluoroscopy times,fracture healing time,and limb function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)All patients were followed up.Patients in the 3+1 cannulated screw group were followed up for 10-25 months,with a mean of(17.44±4.30)months.The patients in the femoral neck system group were followed up for 8-24 months,with a mean of(15.58±4.68)months.(2)The intraoperative fluoroscopy times and Harris score at 3 months postoperatively in the femoral neck system group were better than those in the 3+1 cannulated screw group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The intraoperative blood loss,total incision length,and femoral neck shortening distance in the 3+1 cannulated screw group were better than those in the femoral neck system group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in operation time,fracture healing time,and Harris score at the last follow-up between the two groups(P>0.05).(3)It is indicated that three inverted triangle cannulated screws assisted transverse lag screw and femoral neck system can achieve good clinical effects in the treatment of young and middle-aged Pauwels Ⅲ femoral neck fracture.The femoral neck system has fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times and better early overall stability,while the 3+1 cannulated screw is more minimally invasive,easier to operate.Both fixation methods are worthy of clinical application and promotion,and can be selected according to the actual clinical situation.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress on the evaluation methods of head-neck nail positions in femoral intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS: The literature about the evaluation methods of head-neck nail positions for femoral intertrochanteric fractures in recent years was extensively reviewed, and research progress in the aspects of evaluation methods, clinical applications, and limitations were summarized. RESULTS: The position of head-neck nails in femoral intertrochanteric fractures is closely related to postoperative complications of head-neck nail cutting. Currently, the tip-apex distance (TAD) and femoral head zoning are widely used to evaluate the position of head-neck nails. The main opinion in the literature is that the use of TAD and femoral head zoning can effectively reduce the incidence of head-neck nails cutting. Parker's ratio, as one of the evaluation methods, has been controversial in subsequent studies and has not been widely used in clinical practice. The TAD as referenced to the calcar (CalTAD), which was modified based on TAD, has been gradually accepted by the clinic, but whether it is better than the TAD has not yet been conclusively determined. In recent years, new evaluation methods have been proposed to supplement the previous evaluation methods, such as the tip-neck distance ratio (TNDR) and the standardized TAD (STAD) to avoid the limitations of the TAD and the CalTAD by the volume of the femoral head, and the axis-blade angle (ABA) to supplement the direction of the head-neck nails channel, but at present the clinical application is relatively underutilized, and the validity of the method needs to be further verified. CONCLUSION Currently, there are many methods for evaluating the position of head-neck nails in femoral intertrochanteric fractures, TAD<25 mm combined with head-neck nails placed in the middle-middle quadrant or lower-middle quadrant of the femoral head division is currently a highly recognized assessment in the literature, but the optimal assessment is still controversial, and further research needs to be studied.
Humans ; Nails ; Head ; Neck ; Femoral Fractures ; Hip Fractures/surgery*

Transcranial magneto-acoustic electrical stimulation (TMAES) is a novel method of brain nerve regulation and research, which uses induction current generated by the coupling of ultrasound and magnetic field to regulate neural electrical activity in different brain regions. As the second special envoy of nerve signal, calcium plays a key role in nerve signal transmission. In order to investigate the effect of TMAES on prefrontal cortex electrical activity, 15 mice were divided into control group, ultrasound stimulation (TUS) group and TMAES group. The TMAES group received 2.6 W/cm ² and 0.3 T of magnetic induction intensity, the TUS group received only ultrasound stimulation, and the control group received no ultrasound and magnetic field for one week. The calcium ion concentration in the prefrontal cortex of mice was recorded in real time by optical fiber photometric detection technology. The new object recognition experiment was conducted to compare the behavioral differences and the time-frequency distribution of calcium signal in each group. The results showed that the mean value of calcium transient signal in the TMAES group was (4.84 ± 0.11)% within 10 s after the stimulation, which was higher than that in the TUS group (4.40 ± 0.10)% and the control group (4.22 ± 0.08)%, and the waveform of calcium transient signal was slower, suggesting that calcium metabolism was faster. The main energy band of the TMAES group was 0-20 Hz, that of the TUS group was 0-12 Hz and that of the control group was 0-8 Hz. The cognitive index was 0.71 in the TMAES group, 0.63 in the TUS group, and 0.58 in the control group, indicating that both ultrasonic and magneto-acoustic stimulation could improve the cognitive ability of mice, but the effect of the TMAES group was better than that of the TUS group. These results suggest that TMAES can change the calcium homeostasis of prefrontal cortex nerve clusters, regulate the discharge activity of prefrontal nerve clusters, and promote cognitive function. The results of this study provide data support and reference for further exploration of the deep neural mechanism of TMAES.
Acoustics ; Animals ; Brain ; Calcium ; Electric Stimulation ; Mice ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation is a new non-invasive neuromodulation technology, in which the induced electric field generated by the coupling effect of ultrasound and static magnetic field are used to regulate the neural rhythm oscillation activity in the corresponding brain region. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation on the information transfer and communication in neuronal clusters during memory. In the experiment, twenty healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (five rats) and stimulation groups (fifteen rats). Transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation of 0.05~0.15 T and 2.66~13.33 W/cm ² was applied to the rats in stimulation groups, and no stimulation was applied to the rats in the control group. The local field potentials signals in the prefrontal cortex of rats during the T-maze working memory tasks were acquired. Then the coupling differences between delta rhythm phase, theta rhythm phase and gamma rhythm amplitude of rats in different parameter stimulation groups and control group were compared. The experimental results showed that the coupling intensity of delta and gamma rhythm in stimulation groups was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05), while the coupling intensity of theta and gamma rhythm was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). With the increase of stimulation parameters, the degree of coupling between delta and gamma rhythm showed a decreasing trend, while the degree of coupling between theta and gamma rhythm tended to increase. The preliminary results of this paper indicated that transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation inhibited delta rhythmic neuronal activity and enhanced the oscillation of theta and gamma rhythm in the prefrontal cortex, thus promoted the exchange and transmission of information between neuronal clusters in different spatial scales. This lays the foundation for further exploring the mechanism of transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation in regulating brain memory function.
Acoustics ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Theta Rhythm/physiology* ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing operative repair of TAPVC in our institution from December 2013 to January 2018. Patients with functionally univentricular circulations or atrial isomerism were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether there was pulmonary vein obstruction. The clinical variables of the two groups were compared. Variables for the multivariable analysis were chosen if there was statistical significance on univariable analysis.Results:145 patients were included, 91(63%) males, aged 4(2, 8)months and weight 5.5(4.5, 7.5)kg. Mean follow-up interval was(51±23) months. Postoperative obstruction developed in 27 patients(18.6%). The differences of anatomic type[supracardiac 18(67%) vs.59(50%), cardiac 4(15%) vs. 50(42%), infracardiac 3(11%) vs. 1(1%), mixed 2(7%) vs. 8(7%), P=0.003], preoperative obstruction[yes 19(70%) vs. 37(31%), no 8(30%) vs. 81(69%), P<0.001], associated cardiac lesions[yes 13(48%) vs. 27(23%), no 14(52%) vs. 91(77%), P=0.008] and bypass time[109(89, 129)min vs. 88(70, 110)min, P=0.002] between two groups were statistical significant. A multivariable model showed preoperative obstruction( P<0.001) and bypass time( P=0.009) were associated with postoperative obstruction. Conclusion:The incidence of pulmonary vein obstruction after correction of TAPVC was still high. If there was preoperative obstruction, or the bypass time was too long during operation, the surveillance of pulmonary vein obstruction should be strengthened after operation.

Objective:To analyze the results of surgical treatment in patients with obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.Methods:Inclusion criteria: Patients with obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between December 2012 to January 2018. Exclusion criteria: (1)With complicated malformations, such as single ventricle and visceral inversion; (2)The maximum flow velocity of pulmonary vein was less than 1.2 m/s; (3)Had not underwent surgery. 57 patients[33 males and 24 females, age: (3.2±1.7) months, weight: (5.0±0.9) kg] were enrolled. There were four anatomical subtypes: supracardiac type(n=30), cardiac type(n=16), infracardiac type(n=5), and mixed type(n=6). Patients were followed up after operation.Results:During the follow-up of(52±21) months, 8 cases(14.0%, 8/57) died postoperatively. Postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis was present in 7 patients(12.3%, 7/57). The mortality of patients with postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis(57.1%, 4/7) was significantly higher than that of patients without postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis(8.0%, 4/50).Conclusion:The results of surgical treatment in patients with obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection were encouraging, however, recurrent pulmonary venous stenosis still should be taken care.

Objective To explore the distribution of lactate and base excess in children with Tetralogy of Fallot in perio-perative period, its dynamic variation and its relationship with prognosis.Methods Perioperative arterial lactate level was dy-namically monitored in 1 552 children with tetralogy of Fallot.According to the prognosis, 1 505 subjects were assigned to sur-vive group, and 47 subjects to nonsurvive group.The lactate and base excess levels of all subjects were collected after induction (T1), after protamine administration(T2), and 24 h(T3) after surgery in the intensive care unit(ICU).Results The pa-tients who could not survive showed significant elevated lactate levels as compared to patients who survived after surgery [(7.91 ±5.76)mmol/L vs.(1.20 ±0.51)mmol/L, P＜0.05].However, in nonsurvivors, the BE value decreased signifi-cantly in the ICU period in comparison to survivors[(－1.91 ±5.09)mmol/L vs.(2.52 ±2.85)mmol/L, P＜0.05].Logis-tic regression analysis was performed, indicating the elevated lactate and depressed base excess levels measured 24 h after sur-gery were independent risk factors.Conclusion The dynamic monitoring of lactate and base excess levels in the perioperative period in patients with tetralogy of Fallot were sensitive indicators to assess severity , to guide treatments, and for the prognosis. In the perioperative period, when the lactate increased and(or) base excess levels decreased, the mortality rate increased as well.lactate and base excess levels measured 24 h after surgery in the ICU were independent risk factors that significantly in-creased the mortality rate.

Purpose Using quantitative morphometric techniques, To analyzse the developmental characteristics of pulmonary arterial and alveolar with a porcine model of cyanotic congenital heart defect with decreased pulmonary blood flow that we had established. Methods Lung biopsy specimens were taken from animals of control ( C) and cyanosis ( D) groups and than sectioned and stained. The morphological observation and the method of half-quantitative morphometric technique were applied to measure the following char-acteristics:the media thickness ( MT) and the percentage of media thickness ( MT%) , the media section area ( MS%) and the per-centage of media section area ( MS) , the numbers of micro-arteries per square centimeter ( APSC) . In addition, we calculated the ratio of CMA, PMA and NMA in the same section of lung biopsy specimens. Results There showed universally distended, irregular and thin-walled vessels in the lung biopsy specimens of group D under the light microscope. There was an increased number of pulmonary arteries whose media were hypoplastic. The MT, MT% and MS, MS% in group D were significantly less than those of group C ( all P<0. 001), the APSC was also less in group D than in group C (P<0. 01), but MAN were not significantly different between two groups (P>0. 05). Electron microscopy revealed endothelial swell and irregularity, a thinned basement membrane, a disorganized or disrupted elastic fibers layer. The smooth muscle of vascular media shrunk. In addition to these, other changes included the mitochon-drion vacuolization, a diminished cellular organelle and type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial hyperplasia. Conclusion The pulmonary vessels are evidently hypoplastic or degenerated in cyanotic congenital heart defect with decreased pulmonary blood flow, and the function is thought to be influenced by the morphological changes. To promote the pulmonary artery growth and improve this pathophysiological state, it is critical to increase the pulmonary blood flow.