OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess the quality of prosthetic prescriptions of removable partial dentures (RPDs) and to analyze the current situation of the communication and information delivery between clinicians and technicians. METHODS: All RPD prosthetic prescriptions received by a major dental laboratory in 4 weeks were involved in a quality audit, and the prescriptions were divided into three groups in accordance with the grades of clients. The filling of prosthetic prescriptions was recorded. The items in the prescriptions for audit included the general information of the patient, the general information of the clinician, the design diagram information, other detailed information, and the return date. The prescriptions were categorized into four levels on the basis of their quality by two quality inspectors who have been working for more than 10 years. RESULTS: A total of 916 prescriptions were collected and assessed. The names in the general information of the patient and the clinician were filled out best, both at the rate of 97.6% (n=894). The return date was filled out worst, only at the rate of 6.4% (n=59). Of those prescriptions, 86.8% (n=795) exhibited inadequate design diagram information. The results of the quality assessment demonstrated that 74.2% of prescriptions were assessed as noncompliant ones and failed to meet the acceptable clinical quality standard. CONCLUSIONS At present, the overall quality of RPD prosthetic prescriptions is poor. The responsibilities of clinicians and technicians are unclear, and the communication between them is not ideal.
Humans ; Denture Design ; Denture, Partial, Removable ; Prescriptions

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)frequently results in sudden death and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide.The drugs approved for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD are usually used in combination but are inefficient owing to their side effects and single therapeutic targets.Therefore,the use of natural products in developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD has received great scholarly attention.Andrographolide(AG)is a diterpenoid lactone compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata.In addition to its use in conditions such as sore throat,AG can be used to prevent and treat ASCVD.It is different from drugs that are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and can not only treat obesity,diabetes,hyperlipidaemia and ASCVD but also inhibit the pathological process of atherosclerosis(AS)including lipid accumulation,inflammation,oxidative stress and cellular abnormalities by regulating various targets and pathways.However,the pharmaco-logical mechanisms of AG underlying the prevention and treatment of ASCVD have not been corrobo-rated,which may hinder its clinical development and application.Therefore,this review summarizes the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying the development of ASCVD and the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological effects of AG on the relative risk factors of AS and ASCVD.The findings support the use of the old pharmacological compound('old bottle')as a novel drug('novel wine')for the pre-vention and treatment of ASCVD.Additionally,this review summarizes studies on the availability as well as pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of AG,aiming to provide more information regarding the clinical application and further research and development of AG.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different concentrations of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADMSCs) derived exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs)and exosomes (EXOs) on the biological function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) .Methods:(1) Through hydrodynamic liposuction, adipose tissue was obtained from the thighs of 10 women (aged 18-65 years) in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from June 2019 to August 2020. The hADMSCs were isolated by enzymatic hydrolysis, cultured to passage 4 and induced into adipocytes and osteocytes. The surface protein markers were identified by flow cytometry. (2) hADMSCs-NVs and hADMSCs-EXOs were prepared and observed under an electron microscope. Their surface protein markers were analyzed with particle size analyzer, particle size was analyzed with nanoparticle tracker. Protein quantitative analysis and nanoparticle tracking were used to detect the total protein and particle number of NVs and EXOs produced by 1×10 6 hADMSCs. (3) The control group (DMEM basic medium), 40, 60, 80 μg/ml NVs groups and 20, 40, 60 μg/ml EXOs groups were set to compare the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs through CCK-8 proliferation test, cell scratch test and angiogenesis test respectively. Graphpad Prism 7.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was applied to the comparison between multiple groups, and Tukey test was applied to pairwise comparison. P<0.05 represented statistical significance. Results:(1) The fourth generation of hADMSCs were slender spindle-shaped cells under optical microscope. After 21 days of adipogenesis induction, the transparent lipid droplets inside the cells were stained red by oil red O staining. After 14 days of osteogenesis induction, a large proportion of brown black staining area was observed by alkaline phosphatase calcium cobalt staining. The surface protein markers CD90 and CD29 of hADMSCs were positive. (2) Under transmission electron microscope, the structures of hADMSCs-NVs and EXOs were similar, both were discoid vesicles. The expression levels of CD9, CD81 and IgG were similar between NVS and EXOs. The particle sizes of NVs and EXOs were about the same, which were (72.0 ± 21.51) nm and (81.27±22.37) nm. The total protein content of NVs produced by 1×10 6 hADMSCs was (140.7±5.1) μg, about 100 times that of EXOs, which was (1.3±0.3) μg. The number of NVs [(644.5 ± 17.1)×10 8/ml] particles was about 90 times that of EXOs [(7.1±0.1)×10 8/ml]. (3) In CCK-8 proliferation assay, at 12, 24 and 48 hours after culture, the growth trend of HUVECs in the groups were generally consistent, and the difference in absorbance value was statistically significant ( P<0.01); at 48 hours after culture, the absorbance values of 60 μg/ml NVs and 40 μg/ml EXOs were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups ( P>0.05). At 8 and 24 hours after cell scratch assay, the changes of scratch width in each group were different, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01); at 24 hours after scratch, the change of scratch width in 60 μg/ml NVs and 40 μg/ml EXOs groups were greater than that in the control group (all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups ( P>0.05). In the angiogenesis assay, the number of branch points and the length of blood vessels in each group were different, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The number of capillary branches formed by HUVECs in 60 μg/ml NVs and 40 μg/ml EXOs groups were higher than that in the control group (all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups (all P>0.05). The capillary length of 60 μg/ml NVs and 40 μg/ml EXOs groups were longer than that of the control group ( all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The shape and size of NVs were similar to EXOs, while the total protein content of NVs was about 100 times that of EXOs. The effects of hADMSCs-NVs and EXOs on the biological functions of HUVECs are similar and the optimum concentrations of NVs and EXOs are 60 μg/ml and 40 μg/ml, respectively.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different concentrations of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADMSCs) derived exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs)and exosomes (EXOs) on the biological function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) .Methods:(1) Through hydrodynamic liposuction, adipose tissue was obtained from the thighs of 10 women (aged 18-65 years) in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from June 2019 to August 2020. The hADMSCs were isolated by enzymatic hydrolysis, cultured to passage 4 and induced into adipocytes and osteocytes. The surface protein markers were identified by flow cytometry. (2) hADMSCs-NVs and hADMSCs-EXOs were prepared and observed under an electron microscope. Their surface protein markers were analyzed with particle size analyzer, particle size was analyzed with nanoparticle tracker. Protein quantitative analysis and nanoparticle tracking were used to detect the total protein and particle number of NVs and EXOs produced by 1×10 6 hADMSCs. (3) The control group (DMEM basic medium), 40, 60, 80 μg/ml NVs groups and 20, 40, 60 μg/ml EXOs groups were set to compare the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs through CCK-8 proliferation test, cell scratch test and angiogenesis test respectively. Graphpad Prism 7.0 was used for statistical analysis, and the measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was applied to the comparison between multiple groups, and Tukey test was applied to pairwise comparison. P<0.05 represented statistical significance. Results:(1) The fourth generation of hADMSCs were slender spindle-shaped cells under optical microscope. After 21 days of adipogenesis induction, the transparent lipid droplets inside the cells were stained red by oil red O staining. After 14 days of osteogenesis induction, a large proportion of brown black staining area was observed by alkaline phosphatase calcium cobalt staining. The surface protein markers CD90 and CD29 of hADMSCs were positive. (2) Under transmission electron microscope, the structures of hADMSCs-NVs and EXOs were similar, both were discoid vesicles. The expression levels of CD9, CD81 and IgG were similar between NVS and EXOs. The particle sizes of NVs and EXOs were about the same, which were (72.0 ± 21.51) nm and (81.27±22.37) nm. The total protein content of NVs produced by 1×10 6 hADMSCs was (140.7±5.1) μg, about 100 times that of EXOs, which was (1.3±0.3) μg. The number of NVs [(644.5 ± 17.1)×10 8/ml] particles was about 90 times that of EXOs [(7.1±0.1)×10 8/ml]. (3) In CCK-8 proliferation assay, at 12, 24 and 48 hours after culture, the growth trend of HUVECs in the groups were generally consistent, and the difference in absorbance value was statistically significant ( P<0.01); at 48 hours after culture, the absorbance values of 60 μg/ml NVs and 40 μg/ml EXOs were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups ( P>0.05). At 8 and 24 hours after cell scratch assay, the changes of scratch width in each group were different, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01); at 24 hours after scratch, the change of scratch width in 60 μg/ml NVs and 40 μg/ml EXOs groups were greater than that in the control group (all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups ( P>0.05). In the angiogenesis assay, the number of branch points and the length of blood vessels in each group were different, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The number of capillary branches formed by HUVECs in 60 μg/ml NVs and 40 μg/ml EXOs groups were higher than that in the control group (all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups (all P>0.05). The capillary length of 60 μg/ml NVs and 40 μg/ml EXOs groups were longer than that of the control group ( all P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The shape and size of NVs were similar to EXOs, while the total protein content of NVs was about 100 times that of EXOs. The effects of hADMSCs-NVs and EXOs on the biological functions of HUVECs are similar and the optimum concentrations of NVs and EXOs are 60 μg/ml and 40 μg/ml, respectively.

Hypoxia is a serious impediment to current treatments of many malignant tumors. Catalase, an antioxidant enzyme, is capable of decomposing endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H

Objective: To explore the socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics of the children with oppositional defiant disorder(ODD), and to provide evidence for revealing the pathogenesis of ODD. Methods: General Conditions Questionnaire and Achenbach Children′s Behavior Checklist Scale (CBCL) were used to evaluate 44 cases of ODD children aged 8 to 14 years old who were first referred to the Eighth People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou City from August 2016 to January 2017, and 50 healthy children were randomly selected according to their grades from a primary school in Zhengzhou.Chi-square test and independent sample t test were used to analyze data. Results: The father′s and mother′s education levels and family per capita income in ODD group were lower than those in healthy control group, and their academic achievements in ODD group were worse than those in healthy control group, and the diffe-rences were statistically significant(all P=0.000). The scores of schizoid (2.32±2.73), depression(4.48±6.12), social problems(3.09±3.34), compulsion(4.05±5.60), social withdrawal(2.39±3.20), hyperactivity(4.95±4.37), aggressive behavior(7.59±7.62) and rule-breaking(2.91±3.85) in ODD children were higher than those of the healthy control group(1.04±1.37, 1.48±2.06, 0.68±1.13, 0.78±1.46, 0.60±1.16, 1.70±1.98, 2.48±3.28, 0.62±1.58), and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The scores of social problems(2.85±3.33), compulsion(3.96±5.11), social withdrawal(2.63±3.16), hyperactivity(5.44±4.50) in male ODD children were higher than those in the male healthy children(0.80±1.05, 1.30±1.92, 0.95±1.50, 2.15±1.56), and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Compared with the female children(0.83±1.22, 1.10±1.84, 0.60±1.18, 0.43±0.92, 0.53±1.09, 0.37±0.80, 1.40±2.17, 1.87±2.14, 0.30±0.78), the scores of schizoid(2.24±2.64), depression(4.65±4.93), social problems(3.47±3.37), compulsion(4.18±6.38), somatic complaints(2.12±3.65), social withdrawal (2.00±3.26), hyperactivity(4.18±4.12), aggressive behavior (8.24±7.26) and rule-breaking(3.76±4.85) in female ODD children were significantly higher, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). There was no significant gender difference in the score of CBCL scale in ODD group(all P>0.05). Conclusions There are significant emotional and behavioral problems in ODD children whose family socioeconomic status is lower, and their psychological characteristics vary with gender differences.

In recent years,liver transplantation donor shortage as one of world medical problems is paid more attention by domestic and overseas scholars.In view of that,heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation emerges which transplants the whole or some parts of a donor liver outside the original liver position on the condition that some parts or the whole of the original liver were retained.As for the liver transplantation with poor conditions on portal vein,reconstruction of portal vein has become an aporia.Based on this,some scholars put forward the theory——arterialization of portal vein(PVA),namely a method to increase arterial blood supply or replace portal vein blood perfusion of liver by establishing some pathes among artery and portal vein or its branches.The research background and current situation of heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation with portal vein arterialization,the transplanting position of donor liver,vessel reconstruction,dynamics mechanism after reconstruction and liver regene-ration are summarized in this review.

Objective To analyze the recurrence rate of intubation and increase of ventilator support rate within 24 hours after using fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in critically ill patients with hypoxemia complicated with respiratory failure, and to approach the feasibility of FOB in such patients.Methods A prospective study was conducted, including 200 critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure using FOB [oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) ≤ 300 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa)] admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College. The rates of intubation and increased ventilatory support and the reasons for bronchoscopy related complications after using FOB 24 hours were recorded, the main risk factors leading to these changes and complications were analyzed and screened by logistic regression analytic method.Results Within 24 hours after using FOB for 200 patients with respiratory failure, an increase in mechanical ventilatory support was required in 68 patients (34%) of that 28 (14%) led to endotracheal intubation. With the extension of time, the rates of intubation and ventilatory support showed a tendency of elevation, the rise in ventilatory support rate being faster. The reasons for bronchoscopy related complications after FOB consisted of cardiovascular disease (41%), coronary artery disease (17%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 17%), chronic restrictive pulmonary disease (10%), immunity suppression (54%), malignant neoplastic hematologic disorder (20%), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS, 12%), solid organ transplantation (3%), solid tumor (10%), corticosteroid therapy (25%), immunosuppressive drug (16%), diabetes (15%), chronic renal failure (14%), swallowing nerve injury (37%), anticoagulant therapy (19%), antiplatelet therapy (13%). In the patients with occurrence of COPD or immunosuppression, the rate of invasive ventilation used was significantly higher than that without using invasive ventilation [COPD: 35% (10/28) vs. 14% (24/172),χ2 = 8.081,P = 0.004; immunosuppression: 75% (21/28) vs. 50% (86/172),χ2 = 6.051,P = 0.014]. The logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of COPD or immunosuppression was obviously related to whether the intubation being necessary or not [COPD: odds ratio (OR) = 5.200, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.500 - 17.700,P = 0.006; immunosuppression:OR = 5.300, 95%CI =1.600 - 17.100,P = 0.004].Conclusions In patients with hypoxemia using FOB, they often require addition of mechanical ventilatory support, but the intubation rate is not high. Under the ventilatory support, FOB has certain feasibility for treatment of critically ill patients with hypoxemia and acute respiratory failure.

Objective To compare the molluscicidal effects between“Luo-wei”(TDS),a plant molluscicide in 4 percent, and metaldehyde and niclosamide(MNSC)in the field. Methods A natural ecological environment with Oncomelania hupensis was selected as the test area,the test concentrations of TDS and MNSC were 2.5 g/m3 and 2 ml/m3 respectively by the immersion method;the test doses of TDS and MNSC were 3 g/m2 and 2 ml/m2 respectively by the spray method;the doses of WPN in a control group were 2 g/m3 and 2 g/m2 respectively by the two methods above-mentioned. The molluscicidal effects between TDS and MNSC were compared by using the synchronous design method and parallel comparative method. Results In the TDS group,the death rate of snails was 90.70%by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 81.40%after spraying for 7 days,and there were no significant differences among the observation time points in molluscicidal effects(P>0.05). One day after the spraying,the death rate of snails was less in the TDS group compared with that in the MSCN group(P<0.01),but the death rates of snails were similar in both groups 3 days after the spraying(P>0.05). In the MSCN group,the death rate of snails was 99.17%by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 66.07% by spraying for 1 day. In the WPS group,the death rate of snails was 97.15% by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 71.43%after spraying for 1 day,and there were no significant differences(both P>0.05). Conclusion TDS has a good molluscicidal activity and stable efficacy,and the molluscicidal effect of TDS is similar to that of MSCN in the filed, but the molluscicidal sensitivity of TDS is lower than that of MSCN.