Purpose: Here, we report the clinical features and successful treatment of a very rare case of dacryocystocele due to secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction by cavernous hemangioma in an adult patient.Case summary: A 78-year-old man had a painless mass on the right medial canthus and epiphora for 5-6 years. The mass on the lower area of the right medial canthus had a well-defined border, was fixed in position, and smooth. Lacrimal irrigation via the lower punctum showed reflux through the opposite punctum without nasal passage. Orbital computed tomography showed multicystic mass formation on the right lacrimal sac and a bony lesion with ground glass opacity on the anteromedial side of the right nasolacrimal duct causing duct narrowing. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed a multicystic, fluid-filled structure in the right lacrimal sac. An intranasal bony lesion 14 mm in diameter was also observed. The patient was diagnosed with dacryocystocele due to secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction by an intranasal mass. Endoscopic transnasal removal of two lacrimal cystic masses and the intranasal mass, and dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) were performed. Pathological examination revealed chronic inflammation with lymphoid follicles of the tear bag and cavernous hemangioma of the nasal cavity. Conclusions Acquired dacryocystocele in adults is most commonly idiopathic. Here, we report a case of a dacryocystocele due to secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction by cavernous hemangioma that was treated successfully by endoscopic transnasal tumor removal and DCR.

Background: The decrease in incidence of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma has not been as dramatic as expected with the development of improved research tools and test methods. The human papillomavirus (HPV) test alone has been suggested for screening in some countries. The National Cancer Screening Project in Korea has applied Papanicolaou smears (Pap smears) as the screening method for cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. We evaluated the value of Pap smear and HPV testing as diagnostic screening tools in a single institution. Methods: Patients co-tested with HPV test and Pap smear simultaneously or within one month of each other were included in this study. Patients with only punch biopsy results were excluded because of sampling errors. A total of 999 cases were included, and the collected reports encompassed results of smear cytology, HPV subtypes, and histologic examinations. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were higher for Pap smears than for HPV tests (sensitivity, 97.14%; specificity, 85.58% for Pap smears; sensitivity, 88.32%; specificity, 54.92% for HPV tests). HPV tests and Pap smears did not differ greatly in detection of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (85.35% for HPV test, 80.31% for Pap smears). When atypical glandular cells were noted on Pap smears, the likelihood for histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma following Pap smear was higher than that of high-risk HPV test results (18.8 and 1.53, respectively). Conclusions Pap smears were more useful than HPV tests in the diagnosis of HSIL, SCC, and glandular lesions.

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a slow-growing benign neoplasm that can be found in any organ. Pediatric laryngotracheal GCT is rare. We experienced a 6-year-old boy suffering from a barking cough and symptoms of stridor and croup for one month. Head and neck computed tomography revealed a protruding mass that occluded 60% of the airway lumen. Under the impression of hemangioma or papilloma, excision revealed a submucosal non-encapsulated mass. Histologically, the mass was composed of sheets of large polyhedralshaped tumor cells containing plump eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and centrally placed, small, bland-appearing nuclei. The tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, and voluminous eosinophilic cytoplasm was stained by diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff. The present report describes a unique case of a huge pediatric laryngeal GCT extending to the subglottic trachea. We also review the clinical course of pediatric laryngotracheal GCT and emphasize the importance of diagnosing GCT in children.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones among nursing students. METHODS: Data were collected from 160 nursing students in D and B cities, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and the analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient test, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones differed significantly in terms of the participants' knowledge about environmental hormones. Behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones was negatively correlated with knowledge of environmental hormones, attitude towards pro-environmental behavior, and environmental self-efficacy; these factors were significant predictors of behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones, and accounted for 27.0% of the variance. CONCLUSION Environmental self-efficacy was identified as the most significant factor affecting behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones in nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs to improve pro-environmental behavior and environmental self-efficacy in nursing students.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the factors associated with behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones among nursing students.METHODS: Data were collected from 160 nursing students in D and B cities, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and the analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient test, and stepwise multiple regression.RESULTS: Behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones differed significantly in terms of the participants' knowledge about environmental hormones. Behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones was negatively correlated with knowledge of environmental hormones, attitude towards pro-environmental behavior, and environmental self-efficacy; these factors were significant predictors of behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones, and accounted for 27.0% of the variance.CONCLUSION: Environmental self-efficacy was identified as the most significant factor affecting behavior that reduces exposure to environmental hormones in nursing students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs to improve pro-environmental behavior and environmental self-efficacy in nursing students.
Humans ; Nursing ; Students, Nursing

BACKGROUND: Pathologic diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms is made by comparing light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular cytogenetic findings with clinicoradiologic observations. Intraoperative frozen cytology smears can improve the diagnostic accuracy for CNS neoplasms. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic value of cytology in frozen diagnoses of CNS neoplasms. METHODS: Cases were selected from patients undergoing both frozen cytology and frozen sections. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. RESULTS: Four hundred and fifty-four cases were included in this retrospective single-center review study covering a span of 10 years. Five discrepant cases (1.1%) were found after excluding 53 deferred cases (31 cases of tentative diagnosis, 22 cases of inadequate frozen sampling). A total of 346 cases of complete concordance and 50 cases of partial concordance were classified as not discordant cases in the present study. Diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen diagnosis was 87.2%, and the accuracy was 98.8% after excluding deferred cases. Discrepancies between frozen and permanent diagnoses (n = 5, 1.1%) were found in cases of nonrepresentative sampling (n = 2) and misinterpretation (n = 3). High concordance was observed more frequently in meningeal tumors (97/98, 99%), metastatic brain tumors (51/52, 98.1%), pituitary adenomas (86/89, 96.6%), schwannomas (45/47, 95.8%), high-grade astrocytic tumors (47/58, 81%), low grade astrocytic tumors (10/13, 76.9%), non-neoplastic lesions (23/36, 63.9%), in decreasing frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Using intraoperative cytology and frozen sections of CNS tumors is a highly accurate diagnostic ancillary method, providing subtyping of CNS neoplasms, especially in frequently encountered entities.
Brain Neoplasms ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; Central Nervous System ; Cytogenetics ; Diagnosis ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; Methods ; Neurilemmoma ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The cytopathic effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have been well described since the virus was first reported; however, the morphology of CMV infection has not been clearly studied. We examined the difference in detailed cytologic findings in bronchial washing cytology between liquid-based and conventionally prepared smears. METHODS: Bronchial washing cytology was processed using either the conventional preparation (CP) or liquid-based preparation (LBP). Sixty-nine cells with typical cytopathic effects of CMV infection were detected on CP slides and 18 cells on LBP slides. Using the image analyzer, area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis of the cytoplasm, nucleus, and intranuclear inclusion were measured in singly scattered CMV-infected cells, and histiocytes were used as a control. RESULTS: The mean cytoplasmic area of CMV-infected cells was 1.47 times larger than that of histiocytes in CP and 2.92 times larger in LBP (p<.05). The mean nuclear area of CMV-infected cells was 2.61 times larger than that of histiocytes in CP and 4.25 times larger in LBP (p<.05). The nucleus to cytoplasm ratio and intranuclear inclusion to cytoplasm ratio of the mean area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis in CP were larger than those in LBP (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The sizes of cytoplasm, nucleus, and intranuclear inclusion were larger in LBP than in CP, indicating that CMV-infected cells are easily detectable in LBP. However, the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio was larger in CP, suggesting that differentiation from malignancy or regenerative atypia requires caution in CP.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Cytoplasm ; Histiocytes ; Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies ; Lung

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow/*metabolism/pathology ; Calcium Oxalate/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/*etiology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy/*adverse effects ; Pancytopenia/*pathology ; Recurrence ; Renal Insufficiency/etiology ; Thyrotropin/blood

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, which is endemic to South India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Africa. It is primarily an infection of the nose. Although involvement of other parts of body has occasionally been reported, it rarely presents as a disseminated disease. We describe a case of nasal rhinosporidiosis in Korea and discuss its clinical manifestations and management.
Africa ; Communicable Diseases ; India ; Korea ; Nasal Cavity* ; Nose ; Polyps ; Rhinosporidiosis* ; Rhinosporidium ; Sri Lanka

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Myxoma*