Background: This study focuses on the development of a hydrogel wound patch incorporating natural extracts, designed to function as a sun patch. By maintaining a moist environment and delivering bioactive compounds, the patch promotes wound healing while also providing cooling and ultraviolet (UV) protection. This dual-purpose approach enhances skin recovery and shields damaged areas from external stressors. The study aims to optimize the formulation and evaluate its efficacy for both therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Methods: Hydrogel solutions prepared using acrylamide, glycerol, and carboxymethyl cellulose were enriched with extracts from Saururus chinensis, Styrax japonicus, and Centella asiatica. The enriched solutions were processed into patches and tested for their adhesion, cooling effects, and UV protective abilities. Additionally, the wound healing efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model. Results: The hydrogel patches demonstrated comparable adhesion properties, effective skin cooling, and high UV protection rates similar to those of commercially available products. In the mouse model, the patches significantly improved wound closure and tissue regeneration in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion The study confirms that hydrogel sun patches enriched with natural extracts have the ability to effectively promote wound healing and offer substantial UV protection and cooling benefits, demonstrating their potential medical and cosmetic applications.

Objective: We aimed to describe the [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT findings in Korean men with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Materials and Methods: The results of paired FDG and PSMA PET/CT examinations performed in 42 consecutive men with prostate cancer for treatment planning after failure of anti-androgen therapy and chemotherapy were studied. Tumor lesions with FDG or PSMA uptake intensity higher than that of the liver on visual review were considered positive and noted per patient and tumor site (prostate bed, lymph node, bone, and visceral organ). The presence of unequivocally discordant FDG and PSMA uptake patterns in tumor lesions was assessed. Patients were grouped according to the total tumor volume as seen on each PET/CT scan, and the clinical findings between the patient groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: On patient-based analysis, the image findings were PSMA+/FDG- in 2 patients, PSMA-/FDG+ in one, and PSMA+/FDG+ in 39 patients. On site-based analysis, the discordance (PSMA+/FDG- or PSMA-/FDG+) rate was 9.5% (4/42) for prostate/bed, 11.9% (5/42) for lymph nodes, 9.5% (4/42) for bones, and 11.9% (5/42) for visceral organs. FDG uptake was higher than PSMA uptake in at least one tumor site in 54.8% (23/42) of patients. Patients with greater total tumor volume on FDG PET/CT than that on PSMA PET/CT (“FDG-dominant pattern”) accounted for 28.6% (12/42), and they had significantly shorter time from diagnosis (median 25 months vs. 62 months, P = 0.049), and higher aspartate aminotransferase (median 28.5 vs. 22.5, P = 0.027) and lactate dehydrogenase (median 341.5 vs. 224.5, P = 0.010) levels. Conclusion Most patients with advanced mCRPC had tumors with positive findings on both FDG and PSMA PET/CT. However, the uptake patterns varied; 54.8% of the patients had tumor(s) with FDG uptake greater than PSMA uptake, and FDGdominant pattern was noted in 28.6% of the patients.

Background: It is well known that a large number of patients with diabetes also have dyslipidemia, which significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination drugs consisting of metformin and atorvastatin, widely used as therapeutic agents for diabetes and dyslipidemia. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group and phase III multicenter study included adults with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels >7.0% and <10.0%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >100 and <250 mg/dL. One hundred eighty-five eligible subjects were randomized to the combination group (metformin+atorvastatin), metformin group (metformin+atorvastatin placebo), and atorvastatin group (atorvastatin+metformin placebo). The primary efficacy endpoints were the percent changes in HbA1c and LDL-C levels from baseline at the end of the treatment. Results: After 16 weeks of treatment compared to baseline, HbA1c showed a significant difference of 0.94% compared to the atorvastatin group in the combination group (0.35% vs. −0.58%, respectively; P<0.0001), whereas the proportion of patients with increased HbA1c was also 62% and 15%, respectively, showing a significant difference (P<0.001). The combination group also showed a significant decrease in LDL-C levels compared to the metformin group (−55.20% vs. −7.69%, P<0.001) without previously unknown adverse drug events. Conclusion The addition of atorvastatin to metformin improved HbA1c and LDL-C levels to a significant extent compared to metformin or atorvastatin alone in diabetes and dyslipidemia patients. This study also suggested metformin’s preventive effect on the glucose-elevating potential of atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, insufficiently controlled with exercise and diet. Metformin and atorvastatin combination might be an effective treatment in reducing the CVD risk in patients with both diabetes and dyslipidemia because of its lowering effect on LDL-C and glucose.

Background: Recent diabetes management guidelines recommend that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with proven cardiovascular benefits should be prioritized for combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was aimed at evaluating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA usage rates and various related factors in patients with T2DM and established CVD. Methods: We enrolled adults with T2DM aged ≥30 years who were hospitalized due to established CVD from January 2019 to May 2020 at 13 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Korea in this retrospective observational study. Results: Overall, 2,050 patients were eligible for analysis among 2,107 enrolled patients. The mean patient age, diabetes duration, and glycosylated hemoglobin level were 70.0 years, 12.0 years, and 7.5%, respectively. During the mean follow-up duration of 9.7 months, 25.7% of the patients were prescribed SGLT2is after CVD events. However, only 1.8% were prescribed GLP-1RAs. Compared with SGLT2i non-users, SGLT2i users were more frequently male and obese. Furthermore, they had a shorter diabetes duration but showed worse glycemic control and better renal function at the time of the event. GLP-1RA users had a longer duration of diabetes and worse glycemic control at the time of the event than GLP-1RA non-users. Conclusion The SGLT2i or GLP-1RA prescription rates were suboptimal in patients with T2DM and established CVD. Sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, glycemic control, and renal function were associated with the use of these agents.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychiatric impact of the Seoul Halloween crowd crush on individuals related to the victims compared to the general population. It also explores the moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between trauma exposure and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: In total, 2,220 participants completed various post-incident questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Hwa-byung symptom scale, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5, and Brief Resilience Scale) 30 days after the incident. Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in the statistical package for the social sciences. Results: Individuals related to the victims exhibited higher symptom severity and a greater risk for clinically significant levels of depression, anxiety, anger, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (odds ratio=3.28, 3.33, 1.51, and 4.39 respectively). The impact of relevance to victims on anxiety and PTSD symptoms was moderated by resilience, with a stronger effect observed for individuals with low resilience (β=3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.78–4.24 for anxiety and β=14.53, 95% CI 12.43–16.63 for PTSD) than for those with high resilience (β=1.69, 95% CI 0.72–2.65 for anxiety and β=8.33, 95% CI 5.56–11.09 for PTSD). Conclusion When related to the victims, it was found that not only PTSD, but also depression, anxiety, and anger could intensify. Resilience emerged as a potential buffer against these adverse effects, emphasizing its significance in mitigating the psychiatric impact of community trauma.

Objective: We aimed to describe the [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT findings in Korean men with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Materials and Methods: The results of paired FDG and PSMA PET/CT examinations performed in 42 consecutive men with prostate cancer for treatment planning after failure of anti-androgen therapy and chemotherapy were studied. Tumor lesions with FDG or PSMA uptake intensity higher than that of the liver on visual review were considered positive and noted per patient and tumor site (prostate bed, lymph node, bone, and visceral organ). The presence of unequivocally discordant FDG and PSMA uptake patterns in tumor lesions was assessed. Patients were grouped according to the total tumor volume as seen on each PET/CT scan, and the clinical findings between the patient groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: On patient-based analysis, the image findings were PSMA+/FDG- in 2 patients, PSMA-/FDG+ in one, and PSMA+/FDG+ in 39 patients. On site-based analysis, the discordance (PSMA+/FDG- or PSMA-/FDG+) rate was 9.5% (4/42) for prostate/bed, 11.9% (5/42) for lymph nodes, 9.5% (4/42) for bones, and 11.9% (5/42) for visceral organs. FDG uptake was higher than PSMA uptake in at least one tumor site in 54.8% (23/42) of patients. Patients with greater total tumor volume on FDG PET/CT than that on PSMA PET/CT (“FDG-dominant pattern”) accounted for 28.6% (12/42), and they had significantly shorter time from diagnosis (median 25 months vs. 62 months, P = 0.049), and higher aspartate aminotransferase (median 28.5 vs. 22.5, P = 0.027) and lactate dehydrogenase (median 341.5 vs. 224.5, P = 0.010) levels. Conclusion Most patients with advanced mCRPC had tumors with positive findings on both FDG and PSMA PET/CT. However, the uptake patterns varied; 54.8% of the patients had tumor(s) with FDG uptake greater than PSMA uptake, and FDGdominant pattern was noted in 28.6% of the patients.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychiatric impact of the Seoul Halloween crowd crush on individuals related to the victims compared to the general population. It also explores the moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between trauma exposure and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: In total, 2,220 participants completed various post-incident questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Hwa-byung symptom scale, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5, and Brief Resilience Scale) 30 days after the incident. Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in the statistical package for the social sciences. Results: Individuals related to the victims exhibited higher symptom severity and a greater risk for clinically significant levels of depression, anxiety, anger, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (odds ratio=3.28, 3.33, 1.51, and 4.39 respectively). The impact of relevance to victims on anxiety and PTSD symptoms was moderated by resilience, with a stronger effect observed for individuals with low resilience (β=3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.78–4.24 for anxiety and β=14.53, 95% CI 12.43–16.63 for PTSD) than for those with high resilience (β=1.69, 95% CI 0.72–2.65 for anxiety and β=8.33, 95% CI 5.56–11.09 for PTSD). Conclusion When related to the victims, it was found that not only PTSD, but also depression, anxiety, and anger could intensify. Resilience emerged as a potential buffer against these adverse effects, emphasizing its significance in mitigating the psychiatric impact of community trauma.

Objective: We aimed to describe the [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT findings in Korean men with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Materials and Methods: The results of paired FDG and PSMA PET/CT examinations performed in 42 consecutive men with prostate cancer for treatment planning after failure of anti-androgen therapy and chemotherapy were studied. Tumor lesions with FDG or PSMA uptake intensity higher than that of the liver on visual review were considered positive and noted per patient and tumor site (prostate bed, lymph node, bone, and visceral organ). The presence of unequivocally discordant FDG and PSMA uptake patterns in tumor lesions was assessed. Patients were grouped according to the total tumor volume as seen on each PET/CT scan, and the clinical findings between the patient groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: On patient-based analysis, the image findings were PSMA+/FDG- in 2 patients, PSMA-/FDG+ in one, and PSMA+/FDG+ in 39 patients. On site-based analysis, the discordance (PSMA+/FDG- or PSMA-/FDG+) rate was 9.5% (4/42) for prostate/bed, 11.9% (5/42) for lymph nodes, 9.5% (4/42) for bones, and 11.9% (5/42) for visceral organs. FDG uptake was higher than PSMA uptake in at least one tumor site in 54.8% (23/42) of patients. Patients with greater total tumor volume on FDG PET/CT than that on PSMA PET/CT (“FDG-dominant pattern”) accounted for 28.6% (12/42), and they had significantly shorter time from diagnosis (median 25 months vs. 62 months, P = 0.049), and higher aspartate aminotransferase (median 28.5 vs. 22.5, P = 0.027) and lactate dehydrogenase (median 341.5 vs. 224.5, P = 0.010) levels. Conclusion Most patients with advanced mCRPC had tumors with positive findings on both FDG and PSMA PET/CT. However, the uptake patterns varied; 54.8% of the patients had tumor(s) with FDG uptake greater than PSMA uptake, and FDGdominant pattern was noted in 28.6% of the patients.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychiatric impact of the Seoul Halloween crowd crush on individuals related to the victims compared to the general population. It also explores the moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between trauma exposure and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: In total, 2,220 participants completed various post-incident questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Hwa-byung symptom scale, post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5, and Brief Resilience Scale) 30 days after the incident. Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in the statistical package for the social sciences. Results: Individuals related to the victims exhibited higher symptom severity and a greater risk for clinically significant levels of depression, anxiety, anger, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (odds ratio=3.28, 3.33, 1.51, and 4.39 respectively). The impact of relevance to victims on anxiety and PTSD symptoms was moderated by resilience, with a stronger effect observed for individuals with low resilience (β=3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.78–4.24 for anxiety and β=14.53, 95% CI 12.43–16.63 for PTSD) than for those with high resilience (β=1.69, 95% CI 0.72–2.65 for anxiety and β=8.33, 95% CI 5.56–11.09 for PTSD). Conclusion When related to the victims, it was found that not only PTSD, but also depression, anxiety, and anger could intensify. Resilience emerged as a potential buffer against these adverse effects, emphasizing its significance in mitigating the psychiatric impact of community trauma.