OBJECTIVES: Workplace incivility is experienced by dental hygienists, who perform a variety of tasks and roles in dentistry. Therefore, to enhance the performance of dental and medical institutions, it is necessary to identify dental hygienists experiencing incivility that affects the organizational performance. METHODS: Over a two-month period from May 1 to June 30, 2015, dental hygienists from 30 dental and medical institutions in Busan, the North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, Daegu, Seoul, and the Gyeonggi Province were convenience sampled. Data, from a total of 344 participants, were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS statistical analysis software. RESULTS: Emotional exhaustion had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between patient incivility and job performance, a full mediating effect in relation to job satisfaction, and a partial mediating effect on the association with turnover intention. Meanwhile, emotional exhaustion had a full mediating effect on the relationships between superior incivility and job performance, as well as turnover intention, while a partial mediating effect in relation to job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: An in-depth review of interventions that can enable a mutually respectful working environment, and promote a healthy culture among dental hygienists in dental and medical institutions is needed.
Busan ; Daegu ; Dental Hygienists ; Dentistry ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Negotiating ; Seoul ; Work Performance

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effect of fine dust concentrations in the air on the incidence of viral respiratory infections in the Republic of Korea.METHODS: A time series analysis using R statistics was performed to determine the relationship between weekly concentrations of fine dust in the air and the incidences of acute respiratory tract infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (HAdV), rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), and influenza virus (IFV), from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2017. Correlations between various meteorological factors and the amount of fine dust were analyzed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. To analyze the relationship between viral infections and fine dust, a quasi-poisson analysis was performed.RESULTS: The incidence of the HAdV was proportional to fine dust and air temperature. The IFV was proportional to fine dust and relative humidity and was inversely proportional to temperature. The HMPV was proportional to fine dust, wind speed, and inversely proportional to relative humidity. The HCoV was proportional to micro dust, relative humidity, and inversely proportional to temperature. Both the HBoV and HPIV were directly proportional to fine dust, temperature, wind speed, and inversely proportional to relative humidity. The RSV was inversely proportional to fine dust, temperature, wind speed. A lag effect was observed for the influenza virus, in that its incidence increased 2–3 weeks later on the cumulative lag model.CONCLUSION: As the weekly average concentration of fine dust increases, the incidence of HAdV, HMPV, HCoV, HBoV, HPIV, and influenza increase.
Adenoviridae ; Air Pollution ; Coronavirus ; Dust ; Human bocavirus ; Humans ; Humidity ; Incidence ; Influenza, Human ; Metapneumovirus ; Meteorological Concepts ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; Particulate Matter ; Republic of Korea ; Respiration Disorders ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Rhinovirus ; Wind

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for energy are derived from total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of DRI for predicting the energy requirements of elementary school-age children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The present study involved 25 elementary school-age children aged between 9 and 11 years. TEE was assessed by the DLW method, and the results were compared with the TEE predicted by the DRI equations in order to evaluate accuracy. RESULTS: The subjects' TEE measured by the DLW method was 1,925.2 ± 380.9 kcal/day in boys and 1,930.0 ± 279.4 kcal/day in girls, whereas resting energy expenditure was 1,220.2 ± 176.9 kcal/day in boys and 1,245.9 ± 171.3 kcal/day for girls. The physical activity level was 1.58 ± 0.20 in boys and 1.55 ± 0.13 in girls. The mean bias between the predicted and measured TEE was 12.6% in boys and −1.6% in girls, and the percentage of accurate predictions was 28.6% and 63.6%, respectively. In boys, the equation resulted in underprediction of TEE among the subjects having low TEE values, whereas there was overprediction among subjects having high TEE values as shown by the Bland-Altman plot. On the contrary, this proportional bias was not observed in girls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the DRI equation for energy could result in the overestimation of energy requirements in elementary school-age boys. In the case of girls, the equations could be accurate at the group level. However, the DRI appears to be invalid for individual girls, as more than one third of girls had their TEE inaccurately predicted. We recommend more studies for confirmation of these results.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Child* ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Methods ; Motor Activity ; Nutritional Requirements ; Recommended Dietary Allowances* ; Water

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate outcomes in adult patients with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) or Burkitt-like lymphoma treated with an rituximab plus hyper-CVAD (R-hyper-CVAD) regimen by focusing on tolerability and actual delivered relative dose intensity (RDI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients > or = 20 years of age and pathologically diagnosed with BL or Burkitt-like lymphoma were treated with at least one cycle of R-hyper-CVAD as the first-line treatment in this study. Eligible patients' case report forms were requested from their physicians to obtain clinical and laboratory data for this retrospective study. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (median age, 51 years) from 14 medical centers in Korea were analyzed, none of which were infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The majority of patients had advanced diseases, and 24 patients achieved a complete response (75.0%). After a median follow-up period of 20.0 months, 2-year event-free and overall survival rates were 70.9% and 81.4%, respectively. Eleven patients (25.6%) were unable to complete the R-hyper-CVAD regimen, including six patients due to early death. The RDIs of adriamycin, vincristine, methotrexate, and cytarabine were between 60% and 65%, which means less than 25% of patients received greater than 80% of the planned dose of each drug. Poor performance status was related to the lower RDIs of doxorubicin and methotrexate. CONCLUSION: R-hyper-CVAD showed excellent treatment outcomes in patients who were suitable for dose-intense chemotherapy. However, management of patients who are intolerant to a dose-intense regimen remains problematic due to the frequent occurrence of treatmentrelated complications.
Adult ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; Cytarabine ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphoma* ; Methotrexate ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Vincristine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to develop a new restraint for the intensive care units (ICU) and to investigate the application effect in comparison with a control group using existing restraints. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized quasi-experimental research design was used. The participants were 40 (control 20, experimental 20) patients who were recruited by convenience sampling the ICU of a university hospital. To avoid contamination of the experiment, data for the control group were collected prior to the experimental group. Measurement variables were edema and skin damage (redness and abrasion) at the application site, and nurses' perceived convenience in applying restraints. RESULTS: Three days after applying the restraint, amount of edema at the application site was small and incidence of skin damage decreased in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Also, score for application convenience measured by the nurses was higher in for the newly developed restraint than for existing restraints. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the newly developed restraint has lower effects such as edema and skin damage and is more convenient compared with existing restraints, and is therefore recommended for patients in the ICU.
Edema ; Humans ; Incidence ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Research Design ; Restraint, Physical ; Skin

Collision tumor means the coexistence of two adjacent, but histologically distinct tumors without histologic admixture in the same tissue and is rare incidence involving ovary. Because of their incidence of occurrence, benign cystic teratomas often occur coincidentally with other abnormalities of the ovary. Most common histologic combination of collision tumor in the ovary is coexistence of teratoma with mucinous tumors. But its association with serous tumor has been noted rare and incidence is unknown. We have experienced a case laparoscopic treatment of a huge serous cystadenoma combined with ovarian benign cystic teratoma in right ovary, and report it with a brief review of literature.
Cystadenoma, Serous ; Dermoid Cyst ; Female ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Mucins ; Ovary ; Teratoma

Previous observations suggest that Bis, a Bcl-2-binding protein, may play a role the neuronal and glial differentiation in vivo. To examine this further, we investigated Bis expression during the in vitro differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells induced by retinoic acid (RA). Western blotting and RT-PCR assays showed that Bis expression was temporarily decreased during the free floating stage and then began to increase on day 6 after the induction of differentiation. Double immunostaining indicated that Bis-expressing cells do not express several markers of differentiation, including NeuN, MAP-2 and Tuj-1. However, some of the Bis-expressing cells also were stained with GFAP-antibodies, indicating that Bis is involved glial differentiation. Using an shRNA strategy, we developed bis-knock down P19 cells and compared them with control P19 cells for the expression of NeuroD, Mash-1 and GFAP during RA-induced differentiation. Among these, only GFAP induction was significantly attenuated in P19-dnbis cells and the population showing GFAP immunoreactivity was also decreased. It is noteworthy that distribution of mature neurons and migrating neurons was disorganized, and the close association of migrating neuroblasts with astrocytes was not observed in P19-dnbis cells. These results suggest that Bis is involved in the migration-inducing activity of glial cells.
Astrocytes ; Blotting, Western ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Tretinoin

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of reflux esophagitis in patients after a subtotal gastrectomy and to determine risk factors for reflux esophagitis. METHODS: Among 225 patients who underwent a subtotal gastrectomy from June 2003 to December 2004 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 201 patients who received follow-up for more than six months and underwent at least one endoscpoic examination were retrospectively reviewed. We used the Los Angeles (LA) classification system and included a minimal change for reflux esophagitis. RESULTS: There were 173 patients who underwent a Billroth I procedure and 28 patients who underwent a Billroth II procedure. The cumulative incidence of reflux esophagitis was 40.8%. A patient age > or =65 years (p=0.04), a follow-up duration > or =40 months (p=0.03), bile reflux gastritis (p<0.01) and postoperative obesity (p=0.02) were significant risk factors for the development of reflux esophagitis including a minimal change. The number of postoperative endoscopies > or =4 (p=0.012), bile reflux gastritis (p=0.002) and postoperative obesity (p=0.038) were risk factors for a minimal change. A patient age > or =65 years (p=0.04), a follow-up duration > or =40 months (p=0.03) and Helicobacter pylori eradication before surgery (p<0.01) were independent risk factors for LA grade A/B reflux esophagitis. CONCLUSIONS: Bile reflux gastritis is a risk factor for the development of reflux esophagitis after a subtotal gastrectomy. Preoperative helicobacter eradication is also associated with reflux esophagitis, except for a minimal change, but further studies are needed.
Bile Reflux ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; Gastritis ; Gastroenterostomy ; Helicobacter ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Incidence ; Los Angeles ; Obesity ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

The caudate lobe often exhibits enlargement and nodularity in cases of cirrhosis, which makes differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from other mass-like lesions of the caudate lobe difficult in cirrhotic patients. A 12x6 cm mass-like enlargement of the caudate lobe was incidentally found by computed tomography in a 38-year-old man suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Magnetic resonance imaging, liver colloidal scan, and sonoguided liver biopsy were used for the differential diagnosis. A literature review revealed two case reports, all of which (like ours) presented with an enlarged caudate lobe supplied with blood via a branch of the portal vein. Therefore, in cases of giant hyperplasia of the caudate lobe, confirmation of the caudate lobe blood supply and the enhancement pattern might be important for the differentiation.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Colloids ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Portal Vein ; Stress, Psychological