Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of helicopter parenting and respectful parenting on medical students’ mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. Methods: This study constructed a hypothetical model based on the relationship between helicopter parenting, respectful parenting, mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. It set up a structural model to test the fit of the model based on empirical data. The significance of the mediating effects of the paths was tested using multiple mediation analysis. Results: The fit of the initial measurement model did not meet the goodness-of-fit acceptance criteria; therefore, revised models were established. The revised models all showed good fit indices, and the overall path coefficients were significant. Helicopter parenting and respectful parenting are inversely correlated and affect the mindset of medical students, which, in turn, affects their adjustment to college through grit and self-directedness. The results of the multimodal effects of each pathway showed that helicopter parenting negatively affects college adjustment, while respectful parenting has a positive mediating effect on college adjustment. Conclusion Parenting attitudes have a significant impact on medical students’ mindset, grit, and self-direction, which affects their college adjustment. Parents need to respect their children’s autonomy and independence and avoid excessive interference.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of helicopter parenting and respectful parenting on medical students’ mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. Methods: This study constructed a hypothetical model based on the relationship between helicopter parenting, respectful parenting, mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. It set up a structural model to test the fit of the model based on empirical data. The significance of the mediating effects of the paths was tested using multiple mediation analysis. Results: The fit of the initial measurement model did not meet the goodness-of-fit acceptance criteria; therefore, revised models were established. The revised models all showed good fit indices, and the overall path coefficients were significant. Helicopter parenting and respectful parenting are inversely correlated and affect the mindset of medical students, which, in turn, affects their adjustment to college through grit and self-directedness. The results of the multimodal effects of each pathway showed that helicopter parenting negatively affects college adjustment, while respectful parenting has a positive mediating effect on college adjustment. Conclusion Parenting attitudes have a significant impact on medical students’ mindset, grit, and self-direction, which affects their college adjustment. Parents need to respect their children’s autonomy and independence and avoid excessive interference.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of helicopter parenting and respectful parenting on medical students’ mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. Methods: This study constructed a hypothetical model based on the relationship between helicopter parenting, respectful parenting, mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. It set up a structural model to test the fit of the model based on empirical data. The significance of the mediating effects of the paths was tested using multiple mediation analysis. Results: The fit of the initial measurement model did not meet the goodness-of-fit acceptance criteria; therefore, revised models were established. The revised models all showed good fit indices, and the overall path coefficients were significant. Helicopter parenting and respectful parenting are inversely correlated and affect the mindset of medical students, which, in turn, affects their adjustment to college through grit and self-directedness. The results of the multimodal effects of each pathway showed that helicopter parenting negatively affects college adjustment, while respectful parenting has a positive mediating effect on college adjustment. Conclusion Parenting attitudes have a significant impact on medical students’ mindset, grit, and self-direction, which affects their college adjustment. Parents need to respect their children’s autonomy and independence and avoid excessive interference.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of helicopter parenting and respectful parenting on medical students’ mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. Methods: This study constructed a hypothetical model based on the relationship between helicopter parenting, respectful parenting, mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. It set up a structural model to test the fit of the model based on empirical data. The significance of the mediating effects of the paths was tested using multiple mediation analysis. Results: The fit of the initial measurement model did not meet the goodness-of-fit acceptance criteria; therefore, revised models were established. The revised models all showed good fit indices, and the overall path coefficients were significant. Helicopter parenting and respectful parenting are inversely correlated and affect the mindset of medical students, which, in turn, affects their adjustment to college through grit and self-directedness. The results of the multimodal effects of each pathway showed that helicopter parenting negatively affects college adjustment, while respectful parenting has a positive mediating effect on college adjustment. Conclusion Parenting attitudes have a significant impact on medical students’ mindset, grit, and self-direction, which affects their college adjustment. Parents need to respect their children’s autonomy and independence and avoid excessive interference.

Background: Several noninvasive tools are available for the assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including clinical and blood biomarkers, transient elastography (TE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether magnetic resonance (MR)-based examinations better discriminate the pathophysiologic features and fibrosis progression in NAFLD than other noninvasive methods. Methods: A total of 133 subjects (31 healthy volunteers and 102 patients with NAFLD) were subjected to clinical and noninvasive NAFLD evaluation, with additional liver biopsy in some patients (n=54). Results: MRI-PDFF correlated far better with hepatic fat measured by MR spectroscopy (r=0.978, P<0.001) than with the TE controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (r=0.727, P<0.001). In addition, MRI-PDFF showed stronger correlations with various pathophysiologic parameters for cellular injury, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation, than the TE-CAP. The MRI-PDFF and TE-CAP cutoff levels associated with abnormal elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase were 9.9% and 270 dB/m, respectively. The MRE liver stiffness measurement (LSM) showed stronger correlations with liver enzymes, platelets, complement component 3, several clinical fibrosis scores, and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score than the TE-LSM. In an analysis of only biopsied patients, MRE performed better in discriminating advanced fibrosis with a cutoff value of 3.9 kPa than the TE (cutoff 8.1 kPa) and ELF test (cutoff 9.2 kPa). Conclusion Our results suggest that MRI-based assessment of NAFLD is the best non-invasive tool that captures the histologic, pathophysiologic and metabolic features of the disease.

Background: Several noninvasive tools are available for the assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including clinical and blood biomarkers, transient elastography (TE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether magnetic resonance (MR)-based examinations better discriminate the pathophysiologic features and fibrosis progression in NAFLD than other noninvasive methods. Methods: A total of 133 subjects (31 healthy volunteers and 102 patients with NAFLD) were subjected to clinical and noninvasive NAFLD evaluation, with additional liver biopsy in some patients (n=54). Results: MRI-PDFF correlated far better with hepatic fat measured by MR spectroscopy (r=0.978, P<0.001) than with the TE controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (r=0.727, P<0.001). In addition, MRI-PDFF showed stronger correlations with various pathophysiologic parameters for cellular injury, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation, than the TE-CAP. The MRI-PDFF and TE-CAP cutoff levels associated with abnormal elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase were 9.9% and 270 dB/m, respectively. The MRE liver stiffness measurement (LSM) showed stronger correlations with liver enzymes, platelets, complement component 3, several clinical fibrosis scores, and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score than the TE-LSM. In an analysis of only biopsied patients, MRE performed better in discriminating advanced fibrosis with a cutoff value of 3.9 kPa than the TE (cutoff 8.1 kPa) and ELF test (cutoff 9.2 kPa). Conclusion Our results suggest that MRI-based assessment of NAFLD is the best non-invasive tool that captures the histologic, pathophysiologic and metabolic features of the disease.

We report two cases of giant cell tumor arising from the rib and their F-18 FDG PET/CT findings. The two patients complained of chest wall pain, and large lobulated soft tissue masses with intense FDG uptake were seen on F-18 FDG PET/CT. A malignant tumor such as osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma was suspected due to the large size of the mass, bony destruction, and intense FDG uptake. En bloc resection was performed and final pathologic results revealed giant cell tumor of the rib. Giant cell tumor of the rib is very rare, and larger lesions with high FDG uptake can be misdiagnosed as an intrathoracic malignancy arising from the rib, pleura, or chest wall.
Chondrosarcoma ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; Pleura ; Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography ; Ribs ; Thoracic Wall

There are many studies on the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and economic burden of diabetes across the past four decades in Korea. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of nationwide study regarding diabetes encompassing all age group. Eight years ago, the Committee on the Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus of Korean Diabetes Association collaborated with Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service to evaluate the status of diabetes care and characteristics in diabetic patients in Korea. In 2007, the collaborative task force team published a comprehensive survey titled "Diabetes in Korea 2007." In this review, we reappraise the diabetic epidemics from the joint report and suggest further studies that are needed to be investigated in the future.
Advisory Committees ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Joints ; Korea ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: This study compared fracture strength and fracture modes between metal wire reinforcement and glass fiber reinforcement in repaired maxillary complete denture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, fracture was reproduced on center of maxillary complete dentures and the denture was repaired with auto-polymerizing resin. The experimental groups (n = 10) were subjected to the following condition: without reinforcing material (control group), reinforcing with metal wire (W group), reinforcing with glass fiber pre-impregnated with light-curing resin (SES MESH, INNO Dental Co., Yeoncheon, Korea, G group). The fracture strength and fracture modes of a maxillary complete denture were tested using Instron test machine (Instron Co., Canton, MA, USA) at a 5.0 mm/min crosshead speed. The flexure load was applied to center of denture with a 20 mm diameter ball attachment. When fracture occurred, the fracture mode was classified based on fracture lines. The Kruskal-wallis test and the Mann-whitney U test were performed to identify statistical differences at alpha=.05. RESULTS: W group showed the highest value of fracture strength, there was no significant difference (P>.05) between control group and G group. Control group and W group showed anteroposterior fracture mainly, group W showed adhesive fracture of denture base and reinforcing material. CONCLUSION: In limitation of this study, the glass fiber did not improve the fracture strength of repaired maxillary complete denture, and adhesive failure was occurred along the lines of glass fiber.
Adhesives ; Denture Bases ; Denture Repair ; Denture, Complete* ; Dentures ; Glass* ; Korea

The aim of the study was to assess the association between usual dietary nutrient intake and obesity in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. We examined 2,832 type 2 diabetic patients from the Korean National Diabetes Program cohort who completed dietary assessment and clinical evaluation in this cross-sectional study. In men, higher dietary fiber intake was associated with a lower odds of being obese (Ptrend = 0.003) and in women, higher protein intake was associated with a lower odds of being obese (Ptrend = 0.03) after adjustment for age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, alcohol drinking, income, education level, and calorie intake. In men, higher fiber intake was associated with lower odds of obesity after further adjustment for diastolic blood pressure, physical activity, and possible confounding nutritional intake and medication. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio for the highest quintile of fiber intake was 0.37 (Ptrend < 0.001). In women, protein intake was not associated with obesity after further adjustment. In conclusion, higher intake of dietary fiber is associated with lower odds of being obese in type 2 diabetic men, suggesting a role for dietary fiber in the management and prevention of obesity in type 2 diabetes (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT 01212198).
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications/diagnosis ; Dietary Fiber ; *Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/*etiology ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors