Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Shanxi Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide scientific evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: Mumps case data in Shanxi Province were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control. Descriptive epidemiological analysis and age-period-cohort (APC) analysis were carried out on the reported incidence of mumps from 2014 to 2023. Results: A total of 44 360 mumps cases were reported in Shanxi Province from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 11.78/100 000. The incidence rates were high during 2017-2019, which were 21.00/100 000, 16.76/100 000, and 19.51/100 000, respectively. Males had a higher incidence rate (13.50/100 000) than females (9.98/100 000). Children aged 5-9 years were the most affected group, accounting for 47.29% of total cases. In 2017 and 2019, incidence rates among the 5-15-year-old group were particularly high, reaching 155.08/100 000 and 131.78/100 000, respectively. The APC model age effect, period effect and cohort effect of the reported incidence rate in the high-incidence population aged 0-20 years all had statistical significance ( P <0.05). The age-relative risk ( RR ) decreased from 1.75 in the 0-year-old group to 0.33 in the 20-year-old group, and the birth cohort RR decreased from 2.58 in 1994 to 0.26 in 2023. The morbidity risk of the population aged 0-20 years showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing over time, among which it was the highest in 2017 ( RR =1.23) and the lowest in 2023 ( RR =0.29). Conclusions Shanxi exhibits cyclical mumps epidemics, with school-aged children as the high-risk population. School health management work should be carried out, and the surveillance of mumps in high-risk areas and the routine vaccination of two doses of mumps-containing vaccines for eligible children should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the association of the magnitude of systolic blood pressure reduction(SBPr)with post-procedure 24 h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(sICH)and 90-day clinical outcomes in patients with successful endovascular thrombectomy(EVT).Methods Consecutively registered patients with EVT caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke(LVOS)in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College(Yijishan Hospital)between July 2015 and April 2023 and patients with successful reperfusion were analyzed.Demographic data,medical history(hypertension,diabetes),the trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification,the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score and the baseline Alberta stroke early CT(ASPECT)score of patients were collected.And procedure related parameters(including time from onset to puncture,time from onset to reperfusion,occluded site[internal carotid artery,M1 segment of middle cerebral artery,M2 segment of middle cerebral artery],collateral circulation status[determined based on preoperative occluded angiography showing the range of collateral circulation in the occluded vessel area,defined as good collateral circulation with a reflux range of ≥ 50％and poor collateral circulation with a reflux range of＜50％]),immediate postoperative reperfusion status(evaluated using the modified thrombolysis for cerebral infarction[mTICI]grading,successful reperfusion defined as mTICI grading of 2b-3),24 hours sICH,and 90 days clinical outcomes(evaluated using the modified Rankin scale score at 90days after EVT,with a score ≤ 2indicating a good prognosis and a score＞2indicating a poor prognosis).SBPr was defined as(baseline SBP-mean SBP)/baseline SBP x 100％.According to the the magnitude of SBPr,SBPr is divided into 5 categories(＜-10％,-10％-10％,＞10％-20％,＞20％-30％and＞30％).Based on the clinical outcomes at 90 days and the occurrence of sICH at 24 hours after EVT,patients were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group,as well as an sICH group and a non-sICH group.The relationship between SBPr and postoperative 90 days clinical prognosis or sICH was analyzed using a binary Logistic regression model.Subgroup analysis was conducted based on a history of hypertension(yes and no),continuous intravenous hypotensive therapy(yes and no),baseline ASPECT scores(3-5 and 6-10),and collateral circulation status(good and bad).Using a restricted cubic plot to depict the relationship between SBPr and sICH and clinical prognosis at 90days.Results(1)In total,731 patients were included.The median age was 71(62,77)years and 424(58.0％)were men.The median baseline NIHSS score was 14(12,18),the median baseline ASPECT was 9(7,10),405(55.4％)patients achieved 90-day modified Rankin scale score 0-2,and 35 patients(4.8％)developed sICH.(2)Multivariate analysis showed that the older age(OR,1.036,95％CI 1.017-1.056),the higher baseline NIHSS score(OR,1.095,95％CI1.049-1.144),the lower baseline ASPECT score(OR,0.704,95％CI 0.636-0.780),diabetes(OR,1.729,95％CI 1.084-2.758),bad collateral circulation(good collateral circulation vs.bad collateral circulation,OR,0.481,95％CI 0.332-0.696)and SBPr＞30％(SBPr-10％-10％as a reference,OR,2.238,95％CI 1.230-4.071),the higher the risk of poor clinical outcomes at 90 days(all P＜0.05).Continuous intravenous hypotensive therapy is a risk factor for postoperative 24 h sICH(OR,2.278,95％CI 1.047-4.953;P=0.038),while SBPr 20％-30％is associated with a lower risk of postoperative 24 h sICH(SBPr-10％-10％as a reference,OR,0.362,95％CI0.131-0.998;P=0.049).(3)The restrictive cube plot shows that there is a U-shaped relationship between SBPr after EVT and poor clinical outcomes at 90 days,while there is a nearly linear relationship with the occurrence of sICH.The more SBP reduction,the lower the incidence of sICH.(4)In the subgroup analyses,in the non-hypertension history and the good collateral circulation group,SBPr＞30％has a higher risk of poor clinical outcomes compared to SBPr-10％-10％(OR and 95％CI were 2.921[1.000-8.528]and 2.363[1.078-5.183],respectively,with P=0.05 or P＜0.05);After EVT,the group receiving continuous intravenous hypotensive therapy and the baseline ASPECT score 6-10 groups showed a significant correlation between SBPr＞30％and poor clinical outcomes at 90 days(SBPr-10％-10％as a reference,OR and 95％CI were 2.646[1.168-5.993]and 2.481[1.360-4.527],respectively,with P＜0.05).The correlation between SBPr and lower incidence of sICH was only found in the subgroup of poor collateral circulation(SBPr-10％-10％as a reference,SBPr＞20％-30％:OR,0.133,95％CI 0.027-0.652;SBPr＞30％:OR,0.104,95％CI 0.013-0.864;all P＜0.05).Conclusions Among patients who achieved successful reperfusion with EVT,SBPr might be related to a worse functional outcome at 90 days and sICH 24 h after operation.However,the relationship may exhibit significant heterogeneity across different subgroups.Baseline ASPECT score,history of hypertension,collateral circulation,and the use of continuous venous hypertension after EVT have been highlighted in individualized blood pressure management after EVT.

Objective To observe the value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI)combined with microwave ablation(MWA)for treating thyroid benign partially cystic masses.Methods A total of 100 patients with single benign partially cystic mass who would undergo ultrasound-guided ablation treatment were prospectively enrolled.The patients were randomly assigned into PEI group(received PEI combined with MWA sequential ablation)or control group(received simple MWA),each n=50.Data before and after treatments were compared within groups,the therapeutic efficacy were compared between groups after treatments,and the value of sequential ablation was analyzed.Results Ultrasound-guided ablation was successfully performed for all 100 masses.During follow-up,5 cases in PEI group and 3 cases in control group were lost.The operation time of MWA,total MWA energy and patients'pain level during treatments in PEI group were all lower than those in control group(all P＜0.05).Significant difference of thyroid mass volumes were found before and 3,6 and 12 months after treatments in both groups(all P＜0.05).The volume reduction rate(VRR)in PEI group before and 1,3,6 and 12 months after treatments were all higher than that in control group(all P＜0.05).The success rate was 95.56％(43/45)in PEI group and 89.36％(42/47)in control group 12 months after treatments,respectively,without significant difference(P=0.451).There were significant differences of neck aesthetics scores and symptom scores before and 3,6 and 12 months after treatments in both groups(all P＜0.05).The incidence of complications in PEI group was 6.67％(3/45),while in control group was 14.89％(7/47),the former was lower than the latter(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided PEI combined with MWA sequential ablation had better effect for treating thyroid benign partially cystic masses than single MWA.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for acute multiple vessels occlusion(MVO)and its impact on the prognosis of patients with anterior circulation acute large vessel occlusion stroke(ALVOS)who achieved successful recanalization after endovascular treatment(EVT).Methods Patients with anterior circulation ALVOS who received successful EVT at the Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College between July 2015 and April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Baseline data,including age,sex,onset-to-puncture time(OTP),onset-to-recanalization time(OTR),medical history(including atrial fibrillation,diabetes,hypertension),alcohol and smoking history,admission blood pressure(systolic and diastolic),Alberta stroke program early CT score(ASPECTS),National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score,trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification(atherosclerotic type,cardioembolic type,and other etiology types),and 90-day modified Rankin scale(mRS)score were collected.Collateral circulation was assessed based on the degree of contrast agent reflux observed in the occluded arterial supply area during delayed DSA,and patients were classified into poor and good collateral circulation groups.Malignant cerebral edema was defined as a midline shift of ≥5 mm on the follow-up CT scan performed on day 3 post-surgery.The primary endpoint(efficacy indicator)was the 90-day mRS score,with mRS score≤ 2 considered as a good prognosis and mRS score＞2 considered as a poor prognosis.The secondary endpoint(safety indicator)was the 90-day mortality rate.All patients were divided into MVO and non-MVO groups based on whether they had single or multiple intracranial vessel occlusions.Acute MVO was defined as the detection of acute occlusion of other large or medium vessels,in addition to the main vessels(internal carotid artery or M1/M2 segments of the middle crebral artery[MCA]),in CT angiography,MR angiography,or DSA,resulting in ischemia in brain regions distinct from the main occlusion area.Factors that showed statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were further analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of acute MVO and the factors associated with the prognosis of ALVOS patients.Results A total of 846 patients with ALVOS were included,with ages ranging from 26 to 94 years(mean age[69±11]years).The proportion of male patients was 57.2％(484/846).The median admission ASPECTS was 8(7,9)and the median admission NIHSS score was 14(12,18).The incidence of malignant cerebral edema at 3 days post-surgery was 13.4％(112/835),and the 90-day mortality rate was 19.1％(162/846).(1)Among the 846 ALVOS patients,810(95.7％)were in the non-MVO group and 36(4.3％)were in the MVO group.Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the MVO and non-MVO groups in terms of atrial fibrillation,malignant cerebral edema,admission ASPECTS,admission NIHSS scores,TOAST classification,collateral circulation,rate of complete recanalization,and 90-day poor prognosis rate(all P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in 90-day mortality between the two groups(P=0.193).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that TOAST classification of cardioembolic type(OR,16.089,95％CI 1.835-141.061,P=0.012)and other etiology types(OR,9.768,95％CI 1.078-88.540,P=0.043)were associated with the occurrence of MVO.(2)Among the 846 ALVOS patients,445 had a good prognosis at 90days,and 401 had a poor prognosis.Univariate analysis showed that,compared to the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had a lower proportion of males and smokers,and a higher proportion of patients with older age,higher baseline systolic blood pressure,hypertension,diabetes,and atrial fibrillation(all P＜0.01).Additionally,the poor prognosis group had higher admission NIHSS scores(P＜0.01),lower admission ASPECTS,lower rates of good collateral circulation and complete recanalization,higher rates of malignant cerebral edema and MVO,and statistically significant differences in TOAST classification distribution(all P＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that MVO was associated with poor 90-day prognosis in ALVOS patients after EVT(OR,3.368,95％CI 1.149-9.878,P=0.027).Furthermore,older age(OR,1.045,95％CI 1.025-1.066),diabetes(OR,1.719,95％CI 1.080-2.734),higher baseline systolic blood pressure(OR,1.012,95％CI 1.004-1.019),lower admission ASPECTS(OR,0.746,95％CI 0.674-0.826),higher admission NIHSS score(OR,1.115,95％CI 1.070-1.162),without immediate postoperative complete recanalization(OR,0.413,95％CI 0.290-0.592),poor collateral circulation(OR,0.594,95％CI 0.415-0.851),and malignant cerebral edema(OR,6.191,95％CI 3.026-12.670)were all associated with poor 90-day prognosis after EVT in ALVOS patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusions The TOAST classification of cardioembolic type and other etiology types is associated with MVO.MVO is a risk factor for poor outcomes after successful EVT in ALVOS patients.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the association between door-in-door-out time (DIDO) and clinical outcome of patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke (AIS-LVO) of anterior circulation after early endovascular therapy (EVT).Methods:The patients with AIS-LVO of anterior circulation who received EVT in the advanced stroke center of the Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from February 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The baseline characteristics, time metrics and clinical outcomes were collected. DIDO was defined as the duration of time from arrival to referral at the primary stroke center, and the primary outcome was favorable clinical outcome, as evaluated by a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 3 months after EVT. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between DIDO and early endovascular treatment clinical outcomes in patients with AIS-LVO.Results:A total of 320 patients [aged (69.6±10.2) years] were enrolled. The baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and Alberta Stroke Program early CT score were 14 (11, 18) and 8 (7, 9). The DIDO time was 76 (50, 120) minutes. DIDO was not an independent correlation factor for clinical outcomes in patients with EVT in the overall population. However, in patients receiving early EVT (onset-to-reperfusion≤300 minutes), DIDO ( OR=1.030, 95% CI 1.001-1.059, P=0.041) was an independent correlating factor of clinical outcome in patients with EVT. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the DIDO cutoff of 74.5 minutes can be used as an important indicator of prehospital delay in referral to EVT for large vascular occlusion stroke. Door to computed tomography time ( OR=1.393, 95% CI 1.212-1.601, P<0.001) and computed tomography to transfer time ( OR=1.386, 95% CI 1.220-1.575, P<0.001) were factors associated with DIDO≤74.5 minutes in a multivariate analysis in this time frame. Conclusions:In transferred patients undergoing EVT early, DIDO has a signifificant impact on clinical outcome. DIDO can be used as an important quality control indicator to evaluate the referral process for patients with AIS-LVO.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusive stroke (ALVOS) and explore the related influencing factors for prognoses in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECT).Methods:Patients with acute ALVOS who underwent EVT in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2019 to June 2022 were sequentially enrolled. (1) Patients were divided into a low ASPECT group (0-5) and a non-low ASPECT group (6-10), and the differences between the two groups were compared with respect to incidence of perioperative complications and good prognosis rate [modified Rankin scale (mRS) score≤2] 90 days after onset. (2) According to the prognoses 90 days after onset, the low ASPECT group was divided into the good prognosis (mRS score≤2) and poor prognosis (mRS score>2) subgroup. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the independent risk factors for prognoses of the low ASPECT patients after EVT.Results:A total of 582 patients [age 26-94(69±11) years, 345 male patients (59.3%)] were enrolled for analysis. The baseline ASPECT score was 8 (7, 10), and the baseline NIHSS score was 14 (11, 18). Among them, 102 (17.5%) patients were in the low ASPECT score group and 480 (82.5%) patients were in the non-low ASPECT score group. In the total cohort, patients in the low ASPECT score group had a higher incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, lower 90-day good prognosis rate, and higher 90-day mortality rate. Further, propensity score matching statistical analysis showed that patients in the low ASPECT score group had a significantly higher incidence of malignant brain edema after EVT treatment (40.0% vs. 17.6%, χ2=9.13, P=0.003), and a significantly lower 90-day good prognosis rate (24.7% vs. 41.6%, χ2=4.96, P=0.026), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90-day mortality between the two groups (40.3% vs. 26.0%, χ2=3.55, P=0.060). Among 102 patients with low ASPECT score, 22 (21.6%) patients had good prognosis and 80 (78.4%) had poor prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of atrial fibrillation ( OR=4.478, 95% CI 1.186-16.913, P=0.027) was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of EVT in patients with low ASPECT score, while good collateral circulation (grade 2 vs. grade 0: OR=0.206, 95% CI 0.051-0.842, P=0.028) was a protective factor for good prognosis of EVT in patients with low ASPECT score. Conclusions:Although the 90-day good prognosis rate of EVT treatment for patients with low ASPECT score was lower than that of the non-low ASPECT group, 21.6% patients still benefitted from EVT treatment, especially patients with non-atrial fibrillation and good collateral circulation. Future studies involving more patients are needed to validate our observations.

Objective:To summarize the application and effect of "Trinity" emergency chain in the management of patients with epidemic respiratory tract infection under the cooperation of multiple hospitals and districts, and to provide a reference for medical institutions to improve the risk response ability.Methods:Based on the collaborative management of multi-branches, the "Trinity" emergency chain of pre-hospital-emergency-critical care, identification-triage-treatment, expansion-training-dispatch was implemented to optimize and integrate medical resources.Results:During the two months, 43,000 patients were admitted to the fever clinic, with an increase of 36.08%. The average waiting time for treatment was 19.83 min, and the average admission time to ICU was 25.35 min.Conclusions:The "Trinity" emergency chain treatment scheme under the coordination of multi-branches can effectively deal with the public health events of respiratory tract infectious diseases, improve the efficiency of rescue and treatment, and enhance the risk response ability of medical institutions.

Objective:To evaluate the benefits and risks of advanced age patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusive stroke (ALVOS) accepted mechanical thrombectomy (MT), and explore the related influencing factors for prognoses in these patients.Methods:Six hundred and eighty patients with acute anterior circulation ALVOS accepted MT in 3 comprehensive stroke centers from January 2014 to December 2020 were sequentially collected. (1) Patients were divided into advanced age group (≥80 years old) and non-advanced age group (<80 years old) according to age, and the differences between the two groups were compared in successful postoperative vascular recanalization rate, incidence of perioperative complications, and good prognosis rate (modified Rankin scale [mRS] scores≤2) and mortality 90 d after onset. (2) Patients were divided into good prognosis group (mRS scores≤2) and poor prognosis group (mRS scores>2) according to the prognoses 90 d after onset; univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the independent factors for prognoses of the patients after MT. (3) According to the prognoses 90 d after onset, the advanced age patients were divided into good prognosis subgroup (mRS scores≤2) and poor prognosis subgroup (mRS scores>2). Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the independent factors for prognoses of the elderly patients after MT.Results:(1) In these 680 patients, 92 patients (13.5%) were into the advanced age group and 588 patients (86.5%) were in the non-advanced age group; patients in the advanced age group had significantly lower successful recanalization rate (67.4% vs. 77.9%), significantly lower good prognosis rate 90 d after onset (20.7% vs. 50.2%), and statically higher mortality 90 d after onset (40.2% vs. 21.1%) as compared with the non-advanced age group ( P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH, 15.6% vs. 10.6%) and malignant cerebral edema (MCE, 12.2% vs. 17.6%, P>0.05). The baseline data of the advanced age and non-advanced age patients were further matched with propensity score matching analysis (1:1) and statistically analyzed: the 91 elderly patients had significantly lower good prognosis rate 90 d after onset (20.9% vs. 36.3%) and MCE incidence (12.4% vs. 33.3%) than the 91 non-elderly patients ( P<0.05); there was no significant differences in successful vascular recanalization rate (67.0% vs. 71.4%), sICH incidence (15.7% vs. 17.6%) or mortality 90 d after onset (39.6% vs. 37.4%) between the two groups ( P>0.05). (2) Among the 680 patients, 314 (46.2%) had good prognosis and 366 (53.8%) had poor prognosis. As compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had significantly higher proportion of patients at advanced age, significantly lower proportion of male patients, significantly higher proportion of patients with hypertension, diabetes or atrial fibrillation, significantly lower baseline Alberta Stroke early CT (ASPECT) scores, significantly higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, statistically higher proportion of patients with cardiogenic embolism, significantly lower incidence of tandem lesions, significantly shorter time from onset to sheathing, statistically higher proportion of internal carotid artery occlusion, significantly lower proportion of patients with grading 2 collateral circulation, and significantly lower proportion of successful vascular recanalization ( P<0.05). Advanced age ( OR=3.144, 95%CI: 1.675-5.900, P<0.001) was an independent factor for prognoses 90 d after MT, in addition to baseline ASPECT scores, baseline NIHSS scores, diabetes mellitus, successful recanalization, and collateral circulation grading. (3) In the advanced age group, there were 19 patients (20.7%) with good prognosis and 73 patients (79.3%) with poor prognosis. As compared with the good prognosis subgroup, the poor prognosis subgroup had significantly lower proportion of male patients, significantly lower proportion of patients with grading 2 collateral circulation or complete recanalization, and significantly higher baseline NIHSS scores ( P<0.05). Baseline NIHSS score ( OR=1.482, 95%CI: 1.187-1.850, P=0.001) was an independent factor for prognoses 90 d after MT in advanced age patients. Conclusion:Although advanced age is an independent risk factor for prognoses of patients with acute anterior circulation ALVOS accepted MT, there are still some advanced age patients benefiting from MT without increased complications, especially for those with low baseline NIHSS scores.

Objective:To analyze the research hot topics, knowledge evolution context, potential frontier trends and future breakthrough directions in the field of medical security governance in China.Methods:Subject term retrieval was used to study the literatures related to medical security governance published by CNKI from January 2009 to December 2021. CiteSpace V software was used to draw the keyword co-occurrence network, time zone map, cluster map, and emergent word graph, and to visually analyze and predict the frontier hotspots and evolution trends in the field of medical security governance.Results:A total of 793 literatures were retrieved. The cooperation network among medical security governance research institutions in China needed to be strengthened; the mainstream of research focused on basic research on medical insurance system design, research on medical security governance paths and methods, and empirical research combined with the era background or policy hotspots.Conclusions:There are some problems in the current rerearch on medical security governance, such as imperfect theoretical construction, research content to be expanded, insufficient communication and cooperation, etc. Future research hotspots tend to be innovation of the goal, structure and path of medical security governance, application of big data in the field of medical security governance, and research on crisis response and challenges of medical security governance under public health emergencies. Future research should strengthen multi-cooperation to jointly tackle key problems, pay attention to the cross-integration of disciplines, develop localized medical security governance innovation systems and mechanisms, and enrich problem-oriented empirical research.