Animals ; Callithrix ; Sex Factors ; Vocalization, Animal ; Sex Characteristics

Objectives:To analyze the early clinical efficacy of modified percutaneous transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(MPTLIF)in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods:The clinical data of 26 patients who underwent MPTLIF at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University between Jan-uary 2020 and October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 12 males and 14 females,aged 44-77 years(58.3±8.4 years);Lumbar spondylolisthesis in 16 cases,lumbar spinal instability with radicular stenosis in 10 cases;3 cases were of L3/4 and 23 cases were of L4/5.The operative time,intraoperative bleeding,post-operative hospital stay,and postoperative drainage were analyzed.The visual analogue scale(VAS)for pain was documented before operation,at 3d and 3 months after operation and at the final follow-up,the Oswestry disability index(ODI)was used for evaluation before operation,at 3 months and the final follow-up after oper-ation,and the modified MacNab efficacy evaluation criteria were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy at the final follow-up.The anteroposterior height of the intervertebral space,lumbar lordosis angle,and lordosis an-gle of the operated segment were measured on X-ray and CT images before surgery and at the final follow-up.Results:All the patients successfully underwent the operation with an operative time of 98.9±6.6min,in-traoperative bleeding of 41.0±12.6mL,postoperative drainage of 38.1±9.5mL,and an average postoperative hos-pital stay of 3.8±0.9d without complications such as epidural hematoma,infection,or muscle paralysis and paralysis.The follow-up time was 17.7±4.2 months,and the VAS scores preoperatively,3d postoperatively,3 months postoperatively,and at final follow-up were 5.85±0.67,2.15±0.54,1.12±0.33,0.54±0.51,respectively.The ODI were(47.38±6.66)％,(11.73±6.73)％,and(6.58±6.51)％before operation,at 3 months and the final follow-up,respectively.The VAS scores and ODI at all time points after operation significantly improved compared with the preoperative values(P＜0.05),and which improved over time(P＜0.05).At final follow-up,ac-cording to the modified MacNab criteria,24 cases were evaluated as excellent and 2 cases were evaluated as good.The anteroposterior height of the intervertebral space(anterior edge 10.95±1.24mm,posterior edge 9.45± 1.13mm),lumbar lordosis(47.38°±4.56°)and lordosis angle of the operated segment(8.62°±1.92°)were higher at final follow-up than before operation(anterior edge 8.85±1.00mm,posterior edge 6.78±1.07mm,43.81°±4.85°,6.62°±2.02°),with significant improvement(P＜0.05).Conclusions:MPTLIF is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease in cases selected for strict indications,which can achieve great early clinical efficacy.

Pruritus is a common symptom in the patients with end-stage renal disease,up to 80％of the patients receiving hemodialysis suffer from pruritus,40％of these patients experience moderate to severe pru-ritus,which causes poor sleep,depression,work interference,decrease of overall quality of life and increase of death risk.However,at present,the clinical understanding of skin pruritus associated with end-stage kidney disease is not sufficient,and there is a lack of effective theories to reveal its pathogenesis.This article summa-rizes the latest research progress on the pathogenesis of this disease,hoping to provide the new ideas for clini-cal diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To analyze the current status and deficiencies of family bed service policies in China, for references for promoting the construction of China′s home health service system.Methods:Key words such as " family bed" and " home health services" were used to search for relevant policies(from January 1, 1984 to May 31, 2023)in Peking University Treasure Database, the State Council′s policy document repository, and official websites of health administrative departments at all levels. NVivo 11.0 software was utilized for a three-level coding process to establish a policy text analysis framework and to identify deficiencies in the construction of policies.Results:A total of 63 policy documents were included, comprising 53 provincial and municipal documents, which were mainly concentrated in economically developed provinces; After three-level coding, 72 third level nodes, 21 second level nodes, and 8 first level nodes(service objects, service providers, service methods, service content, service fees, subsidy policies, hospital bed configuration, and standardized management) were obtained. Among them, the responsibilities of service providers needed to be further clarified, the technical and innovative nature of service content was still insufficient, the charging standards and medical insurance reimbursement policies needed to be improved, the support for subsidy policies was limited, and the use of intelligent devices in bed configuration needed to be strengthened.Conclusions:China′s family bed service policy focused on eight dimensions, covering a comprehensive range of content, but there were still areas that need to be refined and improved. This study suggested that relevant departments should further clarify the responsibilities of service providers, deepen the construction of service connotations, moderately increase government support, promote the intelligent construction of services, and achieve multi-party collaboration to jointly promote the sustainable development of family bed services in China.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can induce coagulation dysfunction in patients and is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic complications, including microvascular thrombosis, venous thromboembolism, and stroke. In patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, the risk of COVID-19-related coagulation dysfunction and thrombotic complications is further elevated. This article reviewed the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related hypercoagulability and thrombotic complications in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

As an anti-inflammatory factor, Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is composed of p35 subunit and EBI3 subunit. IL-35 plays an important role in many diseases, but many mechanisms are not clear. In recent years, it has been found that IL-35 plays an important immunomodulatory role in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes, pemphigus and primary biliary cirrhosis, etc. This review summarizes the research progress of the mechanism of IL-35 in the above autoimmune diseases.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with confirmed venous thromboembolism (VTE) in order to improve recognition of VTE, and reduce the rate of missed diagnosis and wrong diagnosis. Methods A retrospectively review was performed for 205 patients diagnosed with VTE confirmed by CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), radionuclide pulmonary ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) imaging, lower extremity deep vein ultrasound or venography in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2009 to December 2018. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, imaging results, treatment and prognosis of patients diagnosed with VTE were analyzed. The clinical possibility was assessed by pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) simplified Wells score and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Wells score. 130 non-VTE patients admitted in the same period were enrolled as controls, and the risk factors of VTE were screened by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Among 205 VTE patients, 14 cases had incomplete data, 2 cases were complicated with other diseases deteriorated, 2 cases were excluded because of economic reasons, 10 cases abandoned treatment because of serious illness, and finally 177 cases were included in the analysis. The main clinical symptoms of VTE patients were chest tightness (36.16%), followed by chest pain (29.94%), dyspnea (29.38%) and hemoptysis (24.29%). Swelling or tenderness of unilateral/bilateral lower extremities (38.98%) and lung moist rale (20.90%) were the most common signs. ST-T changes were the main changes in electrocardiogram (ECG, 49.15%), followed by SⅠQⅢTⅢ or QⅢTⅢ changes (35.03%). Only 5.65% of the patients had plasma D-dimer less than 0.5 mg/L. 31.07% (55/177) patients had normal arterial blood gas results. Of the 177 VTE patients, 175 were diagnosed as PTE by CTPA, with bilateral/multi-lobar pulmonary artery embolism and its branches being the main type [44.57% (78/175)]. Two cases were diagnosed as PTE by V/Q imaging. Among them, 112 cases were received lower extremity deep venous ultrasound or lower extremity deep venography, 51 cases were diagnosed as lower extremity DVT, with thrombosis of popliteal and above vein as common [68.63% (35/51)]. The clinical possibility assessment showed that 67.23% (119/177) patients might have PTE (PTE simplified Wells score greater than or equal to 2), 38.98% (69/177) patients might have lower extremity DVT (DVT Wells score greater than or equal to 2). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that operation less than 4 weeks [odds ratio (OR) = 5.503, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.577-19.206, P = 0.007], trauma or fracture less than 3 months (OR = 6.771, 95%CI = 1.510-30.370, P = 0.012), VTE history (OR = 0.072, 95%CI =0.009-0.549, P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for VTE occurrence. Thrombolytic therapy was administered in 13 cases while anticoagulant therapy alone was prescribed in 164 cases. 176 patients recovered, while 1 case died. Conclusions VTE clinical manifestations are not specific. Patients with risk factors should be vigilant, be strengthen with diagnostic awareness, paid attention to the evaluation of clinical possibilities. Timely thrombolytic or anticoagulant treatment after diagnosis, can improve the survival rate.

Objective To optimize the parameters for the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)of the ulnar nerve in elbow.Methods 5 groups of DTI sequences with different b values and numbers of diffusion gradient directions (NDGDs)were used to collect ulnar nerve images from 13 volunteers,and then the diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)was established.The fractional anisotropy (FA),apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),length of ulnar nerve fiber and DTI image quality were compared under different imaging parameters. Results DTI results for 18 normal ulnar nerves were included in the study.Under different imaging conditions,FAs showed no significant differences.With constant NDGDs,increasing b value decreased both image quality and ADCs of the ulnar nerve.NDGDs had no significant effects on ADCs or image quality.When b=1 000 s/mm2 and NDGDs=20,the length of the ulnar nerve fiber was the longest and DTT had the best subjective scoring in image quality.Conclusion b=1 000 s/mm2 and NDGDs=20 is recommended for DTI of elbow ulnar nerve,so as to obtain high image quality and stable observing targets.

Objective: To investigate the impact of thyroid hormone on atrial ifbrillation (AF) prevalence in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).
Methods: A total of 322 non-valvular heart disease CHF patients treated in our hospital from 2011-0-01 to 2012-10-01 were retrospectively studied. Based on previous history and the ECG at admission, the patients were divided into 2 groups: AF group,n=187 and Sinus rhythm group,n=135. The proifle of serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), hyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and LDL-C were examined within 24 hours of admission; 12 lead ECG and echocardiography were conducted to analyze the related factor for AF occurrence.
Results: Compared with Sinus rhythm group, AF group had increased FT4 level as 14.52 (12.74, 15.85) pmol/L vs 13.11 (11.68, 14.85) pmol/L,P<0.001, while FT3 level was similar between 2 groups as 4.06 (3.76, 4.44) pmol/L vs 4.1(3.80, 4.52) pmol/L,P=0.250. Spearman related analysis indicated that FT4 level was positively related to left atrial dimension (LAD) (r=0.134,P=0.016), FT3 level was positively related to LDL-C (r=0.235,P<0.001) and negatively related to age (r=-0.268, P<0.001). Taking FT4 as the continuous variable, Logistic regression analysis indicated that FT4 level [OR=1.227, 95% CI (1.112-1.354),P<0.001], LAD [OR=1.154, 95% CI (1.105-1.205),P<0.001], age [OR=1.038, 95% CI (1.012-1.064),P=0.003], CHF duration [OR=1.111, 95% CI (1.021-1.209),P=0.015], LDL-C level [OR=0.689, 95% CI (0.493-0.963),P=0.029] were related to AF prevalence in CHF patients.
Conclusion: High serum level of FT4 may increase the risk AF occurrence in CHF patients.

Background It is imperative for the microbial monitor after opening the bottle of eyedrops in order to ensure the safety during use of ophthalmic solutions with multi-dose packaging.Objective This study was to research the microbiological properties and sterile duration of methylcellulose (MC) eye drops in three common environmental conditions,including room temperature condition of community,refrigeration condition of community and room temperature condition of hospital.Methods MC eye drops were assigned to the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,and 200 bottles of MC eye drops with or without ethylparaben were collected in each group,including sealed or unsealed drugs at average.The containers of all the eye drops were opened and the opening times were record.The drugs was admistered 1 drop for 3 times per day,with the opening period for 5-10 seconds.Then the drugs were preserved in different environments based on grouping.Microbial isolation and purification were performed by the same lab technician at 8:00 from 1 through 10 days after opening of drugs with automatic microbial analyzer.Results In the unsealed MC eye drops without ethylparaben,the bacterial positive rates were about 30％ in the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,but no microbial colony was seen in the sealed eye drops.Ten days after opening of containers,the bacterial cultured rates were 30％,32％ and 36％ in the eye drops without ethylparaben in the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,and those in the eye drops with ethylparaben were 15％,19％ and 23％,respectively,showing significant differences between the eye drops with and without ethylparaben (x2 =6.452,4.448,4.063,all at P＜0.05).The 95％ confidence interval (CI) of difference values of intergroup bacterial rates were-0.166-0.126,-0.110-0.190 and-0.088-0.208 between the community room temperature group and the community refrigeration group,between the hospital room temperature group and the community refrigeration group,between the hospital room temperature group and the community room temperature group respectively in the unsealed eye drops without ethylparaben,and those in the unsealed eye drops with ethylparaben were-0.159-0.079,-0.089-0.169 and-0.043-0.203 respectively,indicating insignificant differences among the groups.Cultured bacteria were identified as Micrococcus luteus,Acinetobacter lwoffii,Bacillus subtilis,Acinetobacter radioresistens,Myroides and Staptococcus xylosus.Conclusions Ethylparaben can reduce the contamination rate of microorganisms after opening of MC eye drops.Three environmental conditions do not play an influence on microbial contamination of MC eye drops after opening.The bacteria of contaminated eye drops appear to be common microorganisms in atmosphere and soil,rather than eye common pathogens.