Objective: To analyze the infection characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City, so as to provide the reference for effective AIDS intervention. Methods: Newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were recruited. Demographic information, HIV testing status, infection routes and sexual behaviors were collected using questionnaire surveys. Blood samples were collected before antiviral treatment, and HIV-1 pol gene sequences were detected to construct molecular transmission networks. The characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases, including infection routes, time, and location were analyzed. Factors affecting infection time and location among HIV/AIDS cases were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 007 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Hangzhou City in 2022, with 907 cases (90.07%) completing questionnaire surveys. Among them, 833 were males (91.84%), and 532 had out-of-province household registrations (58.65%). Ninety-one molecular transmission networks were established, and 276 cases were involved, with homosexual contact as the main infection route (199 cases, 72.10%). There were 311 recently infected cases (35.34%) and 569 previously infected cases (64.66%) among 880 cases whose infection time could be determined. There were 531 locally infected. cases (70.24%) and 225 imported cases (29.76%) among 756 cases whose infection location could be determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV/AIDS cases who were identified through voluntary counseling and testing (OR=1.826, 95%CI: 1.055-3.175) and sought sexual partners through homosexual dating apps (OR=2.461, 95%CI: 1.193-5.234) were more likely to be recently infected; the cases who lived in Hangzhou City for more than one year (>1 to 5 years, OR=2.853, 95%CI: 1.552-5.358; >5 years, OR=3.534, 95%CI: 1.382-9.804), sought sexual partners through entertainment venues (OR=3.449, 95%CI: 1.390-8.935), online/social apps (OR=2.416, 95%CI: 1.084-5.488) and homosexual dating apps (OR=3.734, 95%CI: 1.677-8.493) were more likely to be locally infected; student cases were more likely to be infected outside Hangzhou City (OR=0.115, 95%CI: 0.019-0.525). Conclusions The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou City in 2022 were primarily infected through homosexual contact, previously and locally. Seeking sexual partners through homosexual dating apps is an important influencing factor for recent and local infections, highlighting the need for strengthening traceback investigations of related cases.

BACKGROUND:Ossification of the ligamentum flavum was previously considered to be rare in the population.As research has progressed,its incidence rate is increasing gradually,which has aroused the interest of a large number of researchers. OBJECTIVE:To visualize and analyze the research results on ossification of the ligamentum flavum from the Web of Science Core Collection since 1999 using bibliometric methods,and to review the research history of ossification of the ligamentum flavum,highlighting important literature,summarizing research hotspots,and providing ideas for researchers to find research directions. METHODS:Using the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source,relevant papers on ossification of the ligamentum flavum were searched and screened.VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R6 were used to conduct the visual analysis of annual publication volume,research countries,institutions,citations,journals,authors,and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 347 papers were included.Since 1999,the number of published papers has increased in a spiral pattern.China's research started later than Japan's,but the number of publications has come up later,with Peking University being the institution with the most publications,and Prof.Chen Zhongqiang from Peking University being the scholar with the most publications.(2)Five of the 10 most frequently cited publications were related to the surgical treatment of the disease.(3)Excluding keywords directly related to the research topic and synthetically analyzing frequencies and betweenness centralities of key words,terms such as"thoracic myelopathy,""dural ossification,""minimally invasive surgery,"and"ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament"occupied a central position in this field.(4)Keywords clustering analysis showed that clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum accounted for a large proportion of study.(5)The timeline and burst analysis of keywords revealed that"minimally invasive surgery"appeared as a keyword around 2015,with the highest burst strength and the latest burst start time,and began to receive extensive attention from researchers in 2019.The burst of the keyword"dural ossification"has not yet ended.(6)Surgical treatment for ossification of the ligamentum flavum has been at the forefront of research.Development and research of minimally invasive surgery and research on dural ossification secondary to ossification of the ligamentum flavum are both current research hotspots and possible future research trends.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of vaccine-associated immune thrombocytopenia(VA-ITP)based on the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System(VAERS), and to provide a reference for vaccine safety monitoring, vaccination prevention, and clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Data from VAERS on all reported cases of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) after vaccination since the establishment of the database in 1990 to the data lock point of 7th November 2023 were analyzed retrospectively for information on such as sex, age, vaccine type, vaccine dose, and occurrence time of ITP.Results Among the 877 cases of VA-ITP, there were 868 cases of effective statistical vaccine types, involving 43 vaccine types. The top 10 vaccine types were COVID-19 vaccine(434 cases, 50%), MMR vaccine(82 cases, 9. 4%),HEPA vaccine(48 cases, 5. 5%), FLU3 vaccine(41 cases, 4. 7%), FLU4 vaccine(32 cases, 3. 7%), HPV4 vaccine(30 cases,3. 5%), DTAP vaccine(29 cases, 3. 3%), MMRV vaccine(32 cases, 3. 7%), VARZOS vaccine(17 cases, 2. 0%) and HPV9vaccine(13 cases, 1. 5%). Among the 877 reported cases, 843 cases with definite sex were counted, including 374 males and469 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1∶1. 25. The 377 cases of patients were under 18 years of age, accounting for about 44. 7% of the total, and there was significant difference in the composition ratio of sexes among patients with VA-ITP at different ages(χ~2= 10. 029, P < 0. 05). The incidence of ITP within 8 days after vaccination, with a total of 336 cases, was39.9%, and there was no significant difference in the occurrence time composition ratio of ITP between different sexes(χ~2=3. 296, P > 0. 05). The 54. 9% of ITP occurred after the first dose of vaccine, and there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of different vaccination doses between male and female recipients(χ~2= 5. 323, P > 0. 05), but there was significant difference in the composition ratio of vaccination doses among different age groups(χ~2= 30. 591, P < 0. 01).Conclusion By analyzing the summary data from VAERS database, the adverse reaction of VA-ITP was fully recognized.After clinical vaccination, attention should be focused on the platelet status of minors and the elderly, as well as those who were vaccinated within 8 days, and the continuous vaccine safety monitoring should be carried out, which is helpful to reduce the missed diagnosis of vaccine adverse events(AE) and improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder （RBD） is a type of parasomnia closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases related to α-synucleinopathies， such as Parkinson disease， dementia with Lewy bodies， and multiple system atrophy， and early diagnosis is of great importance for disease monitoring and intervention.At present， RBD is mainly diagnosed based on video polysomnography （v-PSG） and nocturnal abnormal behaviors， but the application of v-PSG is limited by its high technical demands.Various validated RBD-related scales have become essential tools for auxiliary diagnosis， which provides methods and tools for the diagnosis of RBD and the assessment of disease progression and outcomes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tooth loss and the occurrence of esophageal cancer in a natural village in Wenfeng District, Anyang City, Henan Province. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted to observe the occurrence of tooth loss and esophageal cancer among the asymptomatic residents of the natural village for 16 years from January 2008 to July 2024. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline. Results Among the total population of 711 cases, 136 cases were lost to follow-up and 575 cases were included in the final statistics, including 45 cases with esophageal cancer. Significant statistical difference was found between esophageal cancer patients with and without tooth loss (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that tooth loss was associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.977, 95%CI: 1.543-10.255). After the adjustment for confounders, tooth loss remained significantly associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.038, 95%CI: 1.035-8.914). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between the number of teeth lost and the incidence of esophageal cancer. When the number of teeth lost was less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increased with the number of teeth lost. When more than 12 teeth were lost, the risk of esophageal cancer decreased as the number of teeth lost increased. Conclusion Tooth loss is a risk factor for the occurrence of esophageal cancer in this natural village. When the number of teeth lost is less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increases with the number of teeth lost.

Objective To understand the disease spectrum of a natural village in an area with high incidence of esophageal cancer to provide a reference for precise prevention and control. Methods From 2008 to 2024, 711 asymptomatic people over the age of 35 years in a natural village with high incidence of esophageal cancer in China were surveyed, and 171 of them were subjected to gastroscopy, biopsy, and pathological examination. All participants were followed up for a long time, and their disease history was recorded. Results A total of 16 years of follow-up were performed, and 703 people were effectively followed up. In 2008, 171 people underwent gastroscopy, and 160 people had biopsy and pathological results in endoscopic screening. By 2024, 76 people had been diagnosed with malignant tumors of 12 different types, and among these people, 45 had esophageal cancer. Conclusion Esophageal cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality from malignant tumors in this region. Biopsy and pathological examination should be strengthened during gastroscopy, and follow-ups and regular check-ups should be given high importance to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer.

Objective:To screen the independent influencing factors of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and establish a predictive model, and explore its clinical value.Methods:A retrospective case control study was conducted. The clinical data of cardiac arrest patients admitted to the emergency department of Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University and received CPR from January to July 2023 were analyzed, including general information, blood biochemical indicators, main cause of cardiac arrest, whether it was defibrillation rhythm, duration from admission to CPR, and whether ROSC was achieved. The clinical data between the patients whether achieved ROSC or not were compared. The binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent influencing factors of ROSC in in-hospital CPR patients. According to the above influencing factors, the ROSC prediction model was established, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the model for ROSC.Results:A total of 235 patients who received CPR in the emergency department were enrolled, including 153 cases (65.11%) of in-hospital CPR and 82 cases (34.89%) of out-of-hospital CPR. The ROSC ratio was 30.21% (71/235). Among all patients, the majority were aged 61-80 years [40.43% (95/235)], and cardiogenic disease was the main cause of cardiac arrest [32.77% (77/235)]. Among 153 patients with in-hospital CPR, 89 were non-ROSC and 64 were ROSC with ROSC rate of 41.83%. Compared with the non-ROSC group, the patients in the ROSC group had lower blood lactic acid (Lac), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Lac/albumin (Alb) ratio (LAR), and ratio of non-defibrillation rhythm [Lac (mmol/L): 5.50 (2.33, 9.65) vs. 7.10 (3.50, 13.35), NT-proBNP (μg/L): 0.87 (0.20, 8.68) vs. 3.00 (0.58, 20.17), LAR: 0.14 (0.07, 0.29) vs. 0.19 (0.10, 0.43), non-defibrillation rhythm ratio: 68.75% (44/64) vs. 93.26% (83/89)], higher actual base excess (ABE) and Alb [ABE (mmol/L): -3.95 (-12.75, 0.23) vs. -7.50 (-13.50, -3.35), Alb (g/L): 38.13±7.03 vs. 34.09±7.81], and shorter duration from admission to CPR [hours: 3.25 (1.00, 14.00) vs. 8.00 (2.00, 27.50)], the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that LAR [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.037, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.005-0.287], non-defibrillation rhythm ( OR = 0.145, 95% CI was 0.049-0.426), and duration from admission to CPR ( OR = 0.984, 95% CI was 0.972-0.997) were independent influencing factors for ROSC in hospitalized CPR patients (all P < 0.05). Based on the above influencing factors, a ROSC prediction model was constructed through regression analysis results. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting ROSC in in-hospital CPR patients was 0.757 (95% CI was 0.680-0.834), Yoden index was 0.429, sensitivity was 76.6%, and specificity was 66.3%. Conclusions:LAR, non-defibrillation rhythm and duration from admission to CPR were independent influencing factors for ROSC in patients with in-hospital CPR. The ROSC prediction model established based on the above influencing factors has a good predictive value for ROSC of CPR patients in hospital, and can guide clinicians to evaluate the prognosis of patients through relevant indicators as early as possible.