Given that the existing methods of enhancing the resolution of magnetic resonance(MR)images by algorithms mainly focus on cross-size and same-size supervised super-resolution algorithms,a super-resolution reconstruction network(SG-Diffusion)for MR images is proposed based on an implicit degradation mapping model.The degradation process of MR images is implicitly modeled through a masked autoencoder,which reduces the domain gap between the experimental constructed dataset and the actual MR images,and the sample pairs are generated based on implicit degradation model.After training,a MR image reconstruction network based on self-guided diffusion model is obtained to realize the spatial resolution enhancement of unsupervised same-size MR images.The results of super-resolution experiments of 4-fold accelerated sampling brain MR images on fastMRI dataset show that the MR image super-resolution reconstruction network based on implicit degradation model proposed in the study can effectively improve the spatial resolution of degraded MR images,and that compared with the image degradation reconstruction method based on the explicit degradation model,the proposed SG-Diffusion method achieves better reconstruction results.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly malignant and heterogeneous brain tumor, contains various types of tumor and non-tumor cells. Whether GBM cells can trans-differentiate into non-neural cell types, including mural cells or endothelial cells (ECs), to support tumor growth and invasion remains controversial. Here we generated two genetic GBM models de novo in immunocompetent mouse brains, mimicking essential pathological and molecular features of human GBMs. Lineage-tracing and transplantation studies demonstrated that, although blood vessels in GBM brains underwent drastic remodeling, evidence of trans-differentiation of GBM cells into vascular cells was barely detected. Intriguingly, GBM cells could promiscuously express markers for mural cells during gliomagenesis. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing showed that patterns of copy number variations (CNVs) of mural cells and ECs were distinct from those of GBM cells, indicating discrete origins of GBM cells and vascular components. Importantly, single-cell CNV analysis of human GBM specimens also suggested that GBM cells and vascular cells are likely separate lineages. Rather than expansion owing to trans-differentiation, vascular cell expanded by proliferation during tumorigenesis. Therefore, cross-lineage trans-differentiation of GBM cells is very unlikely to occur during gliomagenesis. Our findings advance understanding of cell lineage dynamics during gliomagenesis, and have implications for targeted treatment of GBMs.
Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; Glioblastoma/pathology* ; Endothelial Cells/pathology* ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Brain/metabolism* ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective:To explore the effect of remote gastrointestinal symptom cluster monitoring in home nutrition management of gastric cancer patients.Methods:From January to December 2021, convenience sampling was used to select 139 patients with gastric cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy in the Department of Oncology Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology of Xinxiang Central Hospital as the research subject. According to the random number table method, patients were divided into a control group (69 cases) and an observation group (70 cases) . During the chemotherapy period, the control group received routine nursing, while the observation group implemented remote gastrointestinal symptom cluster monitoring for home nutrition management on the basis of the control group. The nutritional indicators, severity and distress of gastrointestinal symptom clusters, and unplanned hospitalization rates between the two groups were compared.Results:After intervention, the hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, albumin, and prealbumin in the control group were lower than those before intervention, and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score, severity and distress scores of gastrointestinal symptom clusters were higher than those before intervention, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . After intervention, the hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, albumin, and prealbumin in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the PG-SGA score, severity and distress of gastrointestinal symptom clusters were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . The unplanned hospitalization rates of the control group and the observation group during chemotherapy were 23.19% (16/69) and 10.00% (7/70) , respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Compared with routine nursing, remote gastrointestinal symptom cluster monitoring for home nutrition management can effectively stabilize the nutritional levels of gastric cancer patients during chemotherapy, alleviate gastrointestinal symptom cluster distress, and reduce unplanned hospitalization rates.

Objective:To explore the significance of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) as a new biomarker for the differential diagnosis of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and suspected myocarditis in children.Methods:A total of 24 children diagnosed with POTS and 21 children diagnosed with suspected myocarditis treated in the Pediatrics Department of the Peking University First Hospital from July to December 2016 were included in the study.Plasma Hcy levels were measured in each subject and compared between children with POTS and suspected myocarditis.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were depicted for assessing the diagnostic potential of Hcy in distinguishing POTS from suspected myocarditis.Results:Plasma Hcy level in the POTS group was significantly higher than that in the suspected myocarditis group [(14.25±8.09) μmol/L vs.(8.99±3.19) μmol/L], which was also significantly higher than that of the mean levels in Beijing children [(8.82±5.58) μmol/L] (all P<0.05). When the cut-off was 9.36 μmol/L, the area under the ROC curve was 0.76, and the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing POTS from suspected myocarditis were 71% and 68%, respectively. Conclusions:Plasma Hcy levels are helpful in the differential diagnosis of POTS and suspected myocarditis in children.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate transcription to control development and homeostasis in a variety of tissues and organs. However, their roles in the development of the cerebral cortex have not been well elucidated. Here, a bioinformatics pipeline was applied to delineate the dynamic expression and potential cis-regulating effects of mouse lncRNAs using transcriptome data from 8 embryonic time points and sub-regions of the developing cerebral cortex. We further characterized a sense lncRNA, SenZfp536, which is transcribed downstream of and partially overlaps with the protein-coding gene Zfp536. Both SenZfp536 and Zfp536 were predominantly expressed in the proliferative zone of the developing cortex. Zfp536 was cis-regulated by SenZfp536, which facilitates looping between the promoter of Zfp536 and the genomic region that transcribes SenZfp536. Surprisingly, knocking down or activating the expression of SenZfp536 increased or compromised the proliferation of cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs), respectively. Finally, overexpressing Zfp536 in cortical NPCs reversed the enhanced proliferation of cortical NPCs caused by SenZfp536 knockdown. The study deepens our understanding of how lncRNAs regulate the propagation of cortical NPCs through cis-regulatory mechanisms.

Objective To measure the change of facial volume maintenance rate after autologous fat grafted for repaired progressive facial hemiatrophy by using three-dimensional digital technology.Methods 3D scanner was used to acquire facial data in 10 patients with progressive facial hemiatrophy before operation;Mimics 17.0 software was used to reconstruce patients' facial 3D model and to calculate the volume of facial tissue defect;autologous fat was grafted to repair facial deformity.The facial volume maintenance rate was calculated in all the patients 3 months and 6 months after operation.Results We had performed facial 3D data acquisition and facial repaired with autologus fat grafted in 10 patients;patients' facial morphology was improved.The mean facial volume maintenance rate was (35.80±3.44)％ in 3 months and (27.82±3.80)％ 6 months after surgery.Conclusions The mean facial volume maintenance rate in postoperative 3 months is inferior to that in 6 months in single autologous fat grafted for repairing progressive facial hemiatrophy.

Vasovagal syncope(VVS),with its relatively high morbidity,is one of the most common types of au-tonomic-mediated reflex syncope in children,which can seriously affect pediatric patients in their life and study.A se-ries of research have shown that the mechanism for VVS is closely related to autonomic nervous imbalance,neurohor-monal factor,and cerebral blood flow abnormality,and has a certain degree of genetic tendency.Now the progress in the mechanisms for VVS at home and abroad is reviewed,in order to provide certain help for further research.

Objective To explore the changes of Beclin-1,P62/SQSTM1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)and unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK-1)in the brains of the rats in the deve-lopmental stage with epilepsy. Methods Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley (SD)rats aged 21 days were randomly divided into the control group and the epilepsy group. The rats in 2 groups were randomly subdivided into 4 groups according to the time intervals (3 h,6 h,12 h and 48 h),respectively,with 9 rats in each group. The rats in the epilep-sy group were injected with kainic acid (12 mg/kg)to induce epilepsy,and the rats in the control group were injected with equal volume of saline. The rats in 2 groups were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Then,the brain tissues of the rats were quickly removed according to the time intervals. The brain damages were determined by adopting Nissl staining method. The apoptotic cells were detected by Terminal - deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL)assays. The expressions of Beclin-1,P62/SQSTM1,LC3 and ULK-1 mRNA levels in cortex were mea-sured by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)analysis. Results Nissl staining indicated that many neurons were damaged performing vague outline,irregularly aligned,pyknotic nuclei and shrunken somata in the epilepsy 48 h group. In addition,there was a huge loss of neurons in cortex in the epilepsy 48 h group [(82 ± 8)num-bers],compared with the control group [(122 ± 8)numbers],and the difference was statistically significant (F＝3. 768, P＝0. 01). The apoptotic cells tremendously increased in the epilepsy 48 h group [(13 ± 7)numbers],compared with the control group [(2 ± 1)numbers]by TUNEL analysis,and the diffe-rence was statistically significant (t＝ -3. 821, P＝0. 003). qPCR showed the mRNA levels of Beclin-1,P62/SQSTM1,LC3 and ULK-1 were upregulated in the epi-lepsy 12 h group (1. 70 ± 0. 75,1. 75 ± 0. 77,1. 52 ± 0. 43,7. 48 ± 6. 12)and the epilepsy 48 h group (1. 63 ± 0. 43, 1. 48 ± 0. 74,1. 74 ± 0. 55,7. 69 ± 5. 65),compared with the control group (1. 00,1. 00,1. 00,1. 00),and the differences were statistically significant (F＝2. 820,3. 452,5. 811,5. 002,all P＜0. 05). Conclusion The autophagy activates be-fore apoptosis occurs,and autophagy-related genes probably are involved in epilepsy-induced brain damage.

Objective To explore the effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2)on the apoptosis induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2)in the human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs).Methods CoCl2was used in the primary HPAECs to mimize hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis.The aspartate aminotransferase 1(AAT1),and the key enzyme generating endogenous SO2 were over -expressed by transfecting HPAECs with lentivirus containing AAT1 cDNA.HPAECs were divided into 4 groups:vehicle group,vehicle + CoCl2 group,AAT1 group and AAT1 + CoCl2 group.The expressions of AAT1,B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2),bcl-associated X protein (bax),Caspase-3 and activated Caspase-3 (cleaved Caspase-3)in the HPAECs were measured by Western blot.The AAT activity was assessed with colorimetry method.The SO2 content in the HPAECs was in situ observed by SO2-specific fluorescent probe.The HPAECs apoptosis was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)assay.Results There were significant differences in the endogenous SO2 content,the expre-ssions of AAT1 and bcl-2,and the ratio of cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 among 4 groups of HPAECs were (F＝147.364,23.738,6.521,64.884,all P＜0.05).However,there was no difference in the expression of bax among 4 groups of HPAECs (F＝1.620,P＞0.05).Compared with vehicle group,AAT activity [(0.96 ± 0.24)Carmen's unit/μg vs.(2.21 ± 0. 60)Carmen's unit/μg],endogenous SO2 content (40.71 ± 7.72 vs.105.60 ± 16.20)and bcl-2 expression (0.59 ± 0.19 vs.1.02 ± 0.20)in the HPAECs of vehicle +CoCl2 group were significantly de-creased,while the cell apoptosis assessed by TUNEL and the ratio of cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 (1.56 ± 0.25 vs.0.95 ± 0.13)were significantly increased (all P＜0.05).However,there were no differences in the expression of AAT1 (0. 50 ± 0.12 vs.0.53 ± 0.11)in the HPAECs between vehicle group and vehicle+CoCl2 group (P＞0.05). The SO2 content (351.50 ± 42.43 vs.105.60 ± 16.20)and AAT1 expression (1.22 ± 0.33 vs.0.53 ± 0.11)in the HPAECs of AAT1 group were higher than those of vehicle group (all P ＜0. 05 ). Compared with AAT1 group, endogenous SO2content (333.50 ± 46.22 vs.351.50 ± 42.43)and the expression of AAT1 (1.26 ± 0.36 vs.1.22 ± 0.33)and bcl-2 (1.14 ± 0.38 vs.1.03 ± 0.27)in the HPAECs of AAT1 +CoCl2group did not change (all P＞0. 05).Moreover,no difference was observed in the HPAECs apoptosis assessed by TUNEL and the ratio of cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 (0.51 ± 0.17 vs.0.50 ± 0.11)between the two AAT1 -overexpressed groups (all P ＞0. 05).Conclusion Endo-genous SO2inhibited the hypoxic HPAECs apoptosis stimulated by the treatment of CoCl2.

Objective To evaluate endoscopy for the diagnosis of primary gastrointestinal mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods The clinical pathology,hematological/biochemical studies,and endoscopic data of 98 primary gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma and DLBCL patients from Aug 2010 to May 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.Results 17 patients had higher than normal LDH blood level (＞270 U/L).47 patients were Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive;Gastrointestinal endoscopic study,including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)/endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic ultrasonography established diagnosis of MALT lymphoma and DLBCL in 96 out of 98 cases (98％).The endoscopic manifestations of MALT lymphoma and DLBCL were ulcerative,uplift,diffuse and infiltrative,and erosive,with ulcerative type as the dominant one.The follow-up examination showed that the survival ratio (88％) of MALT patients was higher than that of DLBCL(68％),and more patients with lower Ann Arbor stage survived (92％) than those with higher Ann Arbor stage (64％).Conclusion Endoscopic biopsy together with endoscopic ultrasonography makes definite diagnosis of MALT and DLBCL.