Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. As the incidence of AD continues to rise annually, researchers have shown keen interest in the active components found in natural plants and their neuroprotective effects against AD. Quercetin, a flavonol widely present in fruits and vegetables, has multiple biological effects including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of AD, and the antioxidant properties of quercetin are essential for its neuroprotective function. Quercetin can modulate multiple signaling pathways related to AD, such as Nrf2-ARE, JNK, p38 MAPK, PON2, PI3K/Akt, and PKC, all of which are closely related to oxidative stress. Furthermore, quercetin is capable of inhibiting the aggregation of β‑amyloid protein (Aβ) and the phosphorylation of tau protein, as well as the activity of β‑secretase 1 and acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the progression of the disease.The review also provides insights into the pharmacokinetic properties of quercetin, including its absorption, metabolism, and excretion, as well as its bioavailability challenges and clinical applications. To improve the bioavailability and enhance the targeting of quercetin, the potential of quercetin nanomedicine delivery systems in the treatment of AD is also discussed. In summary, the multifaceted mechanisms of quercetin against AD provide a new perspective for drug development. However, translating these findings into clinical practice requires overcoming current limitations and ongoing research. In this way, its therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD can be fully utilized.

Panvascular disease， with vascular diseases as the common pathological feature， is mainly manifested as atherosclerosis. Panvascular disease mainly affects the important organs of the heart， brain， kidney， and limbs. It is one of the leading causes of death for Chinese residents at present. Previously， due to the narrow branches of disciplines， too much attention was paid to local lesions， resulting in the neglect of panvascular disease as a systemic one. The fact that panvascular disease has overall pathology and comprehensive and individualized treatment strategies， makes the disease highly compatible with the principles of holism concept and syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. It is believed that blood stasis is the core pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is involved in the whole process of atherosclerosis. The theories of ''blood vessel''， ''meridians''， ''visceral manifestation''， and ''organs-meridians'' in TCM are helpful to comprehensively understand the complexity of panvascular diseases. Moreover， those theories can provide systematic treatment strategies. The TCM syndromes of panvascular diseases evolve from ''phlegm， stasis， stagnation， and deficiency''. Panvascular arteriosclerosis is related to the syndrome of ''stasis and phlegm''， and the treatment mainly promotes blood circulation and removes phlegm. There are different specific drugs and mechanisms of action for coronary atherosclerosis， cerebral atherosclerosis， and renal artery atherosclerotic stenosis. Panvascular venous lesions are related to the syndrome of ''deficiency and stasis'' in TCM， and the TCM treatment mainly invigorates Qi and promotes blood circulation， which can inhibit venous thrombosis， improve venous ulcers， and resist venous endothelial damage. Panvascular microcirculatory lesions are inseparable from the ''stagnation and stasis'' in TCM， and the treatment mainly promotes Qi and dredges collaterals， which has a good effect on coronary microvascular lesions， diabetic microvascular lesions， pulmonary microvascular lesions， and pancreatic microvascular lesions. Panvascular lymphatic lesions are related to the syndrome of ''water and stasis'' in TCM. The treatment method focuses on promoting blood circulation and water excretion， which can promote lymphangiogenesis and enhance lymphatic reflux. In addition， the combination of TCM and modern technology， especially the application of artificial intelligence， can improve the efficiency of early identification and personalized treatment， resulting in early screening and comprehensive management of panvascular diseases. Therefore， TCM will play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of panvascular diseases.

Panvascular disease， with vascular diseases as the common pathological feature， is mainly manifested as atherosclerosis. Panvascular disease mainly affects the important organs of the heart， brain， kidney， and limbs. It is one of the leading causes of death for Chinese residents at present. Previously， due to the narrow branches of disciplines， too much attention was paid to local lesions， resulting in the neglect of panvascular disease as a systemic one. The fact that panvascular disease has overall pathology and comprehensive and individualized treatment strategies， makes the disease highly compatible with the principles of holism concept and syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. It is believed that blood stasis is the core pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is involved in the whole process of atherosclerosis. The theories of ''blood vessel''， ''meridians''， ''visceral manifestation''， and ''organs-meridians'' in TCM are helpful to comprehensively understand the complexity of panvascular diseases. Moreover， those theories can provide systematic treatment strategies. The TCM syndromes of panvascular diseases evolve from ''phlegm， stasis， stagnation， and deficiency''. Panvascular arteriosclerosis is related to the syndrome of ''stasis and phlegm''， and the treatment mainly promotes blood circulation and removes phlegm. There are different specific drugs and mechanisms of action for coronary atherosclerosis， cerebral atherosclerosis， and renal artery atherosclerotic stenosis. Panvascular venous lesions are related to the syndrome of ''deficiency and stasis'' in TCM， and the TCM treatment mainly invigorates Qi and promotes blood circulation， which can inhibit venous thrombosis， improve venous ulcers， and resist venous endothelial damage. Panvascular microcirculatory lesions are inseparable from the ''stagnation and stasis'' in TCM， and the treatment mainly promotes Qi and dredges collaterals， which has a good effect on coronary microvascular lesions， diabetic microvascular lesions， pulmonary microvascular lesions， and pancreatic microvascular lesions. Panvascular lymphatic lesions are related to the syndrome of ''water and stasis'' in TCM. The treatment method focuses on promoting blood circulation and water excretion， which can promote lymphangiogenesis and enhance lymphatic reflux. In addition， the combination of TCM and modern technology， especially the application of artificial intelligence， can improve the efficiency of early identification and personalized treatment， resulting in early screening and comprehensive management of panvascular diseases. Therefore， TCM will play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of panvascular diseases.

Objective To analyze the clinical significance of subjective visual vertical (SVV) tests at different head deflection angles in assessing utricle function in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods A total of 61 BPPV patients who were treated at the Hearing Impairment and Vertigo Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively included, and 29 healthy adults were selected as controls. SVV tests were performed on all research subjects at different head deflection angles: upright head (0°), left head 45° (L45°), right head 45° (R45°). The test results between the two groups were compared. Results SVV absolute value at R45° in BPPV group was lower than that in the control group (P＝0.003); there was no significant difference in SVV values at 0° and L45° between the two groups. There was no statistical difference in SVV values at different head deflection angles between the control group and the left BPPV group. SVV absolute value at R45° in right BPPV group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.001); there was no statistical difference in SVV values at 0° and L45° between the two groups. Conclusions SVV test can provide subjective information about the utricle, and SVV tests at different head deflection angles can fine-tune evaluate the function of the utricle in BPPV patients.

Humans ; Vascular Stiffness ; Coal Mining ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Coal ; Miners

Objective To study the stress change characteristics of the cervical disc after removing different ranges of the uncinate process by establishing a three⁃dimensional finite element model of the C

A series of phthalimide-donepezil (PTA-DPZ) hybrids (5a-e, 6a-l) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The results showed that some hybrids had strong AChE inhibitory activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) at nanomolar range, which was better than the control drugs galanthamine and tacrine, and equivalent to DPZ. Compound 6k exhibited the strongest inhibition to AChE with an IC₅₀ value of 0.13 μmol·L^-1. Kinetic and molecular modeling studies showed that 6k targeted both catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE. Moreover, some compounds could inhibit AChE-induced β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. In addition, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion prediction results showed 6k conforms to the Lipinski's rule of five and had high partition coefficient P value. These compounds, especially 6k, may be considered as a dual-functional lead compound for in-depth research.

Five flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the methanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the ethanol extract of Diphylleia sinensi by using various chromatographic methods, including silica gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as diphyflavonoid A (1), diphyflavonoid B (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, and MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were two new flavonoid glycosides, and compounds 3 and 5 were isolated from the genus Diphylleia for the first time.

Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease(CPID)is a common chronic inflammatory disease in women,and has a long course and is easy to relapse.Danggui Shaoyao Powder is from Jin Gui Yao Lve(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber),which was a commonly-used formula for the treatment of women's abdominal pain in ancient medical records.It is now often used in the treatment of CPID and has achieved satisfactory therapeutic effect.The article summarizes and analyzes the achievements in the clinical research and experimental study of Danggui Shaoyao Powder in the treatment of CPID over the past 10 years,and invesigates the clinical efficacy of Danggui Shaoyao Powder in the treatment of CPID and its therapeutic mechanism.In the field of clinical studies,Danggui Shaoyao Powder for the treatment of CPID was used by modification,or alone,or in combination with antibiotics and Chinese medicine external treatment,and its combined use was effective on significantly improving the indicators of inflammatory response and immune function,alleviating the clinical signs and symptoms such as pain,and did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions compared with the application of western medicines alone.In the field of experimental studies,Danggui Shaoyao Powder played the therapeutic role in CPID by decreasing the adhesion of endothelial cells,regulating the degradation of extracellular matrix,improving the level of inflammatory factors,and down-regulating the expression of proteins related to the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)pathway.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of new simplified insulin resistance(IR)assessment indexes in identifying subclinical left ventricular systolic function impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 150 T2DM patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF≥50%)who were admitted to Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to measure left ventricular global longitudinal strain(GLS).According to GLS value,the subjects were divided into the normal group(GLS≥18%group,n=80)and the impaired group(GLS<18%group,n=70).Some new simplified IR assessment indicators were calculated and compared between the two groups,including body mass index(BMI),TG/HDL-C ratio,triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index,TyG-BMI index,TyG-WHR and metabolic score for IR(METS-IR).Correlation between the GLS and the new simplified IR assessment indexes was analyzed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of different simplified IR assessment indexes,with the area under the curve(AUC)calculated.Furthermore,according to whether the subjects were complicated with hypertension,binary logistics regression analysis was performed to explore the independent correlation between the simplified IR assessment index and GLS<18%.Results Total 150 were included with aged(54.5±13.7)years with 96(64.0%)men and 54(36.0%)women.Compared with the GLS≥18%group,the TG/HDL-C ratio,TyG index,TyG-BMI,and METS-IR of subjects in the GLS<18%group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TG/HDL-C ratio,TyG index,TyG-BMI,TyG-WHR,and METS-IR were negatively correlated with GLS(P<0.05).ROC analysis showed that TyG index had a certain predictive value for the evaluation of GLS<18%(AUC=0.678,95%CI 0.591-0.765,P<0.001).Stratification based on hypertension and further adjusting for confounding factors,TyG index remains significantly associated with GLS<18%(OR=3.249,95%CI 1.045-10.103,P=0.042).Conclusions The novel simplified insulin resistance evaluation indexes are closely associated with left ventricular subclinical systolic dysfunction in T2DM patients with preserved ejection fraction.TyG index is an effective index to identify left ventricular subclinical dysfunction in these populations.