ObjectiveTo establish the fingerprints of 15 batches of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules， to quantitatively analyze 10 index components， and to evaluate the quality uniformity of samples from different batches. MethodsThe fingerprints and quantitative analysis of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules were established by a combination method of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and charged aerosol detector（HPLC-DAD-CAD）， adenosine， guanosine， vanillic acid， safflomin A， agarotetrol， naringin， hesperidin， militarine， ginsenoside Rb₁， and glycyrrhizic acid were selected as quality attribute indexes. A total of 15 batches of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules from 2022 to 2024（3 boxes per batch） were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed， and the quality uniformity level of the manufacturers was characterized by parameters of intra-batch consistency（P_A） and inter-batch consistency（P_B）. The homogeneity and difference of quality attribute indexes of samples from different years were analyzed by heatmap clustering analysis. ResultsHPLC fingerprints and quantitative method of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules were established， and the methods could be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of this preparation， which was found to be stable and reliable by method validation. The similarity of fingerprints of 15 batches of samples was 0.887-0.975， a total of 13 common peaks were calibrated， and 10 common peaks were designated， all of which were quality attribute index components. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the contents of the above 10 ingredients in the samples were 0.038-0.078， 0.115-0.251， 0.007-0.018， 0.291-0.673， 0.122-0.257， 0.887-1.905， 1.841-3.364， 1.412-2.450， 2.207-3.112， 0.650-1.161， respectively. And the contents of ginsenoside Rb₁ and glycyrrhizic acid met the limit requirements in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. For the samples from 15 batches， the P_A values of the 10 index components were all <10%， indicating good intra-batch homogeneity， and the P_B values ranged from 33.86% to 92.97%， suggesting that the inter-batch homogeneity was poor. Heatmap clustering analysis showed that the samples from different years were clustered into separate categories， and adenosine， guanosine， safflomin A， naringin， hesperidin and agarotetrol were the main differential components. ConclusionThe intra-annual quality uniformity of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules is good and the inter-annual quality uniformity is insufficient， which may be related to the quality difference of Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparatum， Carthami Flos， Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum， Citri Fructus， etc. In this study， the fingerprint and multi-indicator determination method of Hengzhi Kechuan capsules was established， which can be used for more accurate and efficient quality control and standardization enhancement.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of quercetin on Gastro entero pancreatic NEN(GEP-NEN).Methods Human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor BON-1 cells were randomly divided into control group,quercetin group(80 μmol·L-1 quercetin),quercetin+si-NC group(transfected with si-NC+80 μmol·L-1 quercetin),quercetin+si-growth arrest-specific+ranscript 5(GAS5)group(transfected with si-GAS5+80 μmol·L-1 quercetin).Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeted binding of GASS5 to miR-18b-5p;real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)and Bel-2 associated X protein(Bax);positive expression of GAS5 and miR-18b-5p in cells was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)assay.Results Dual luciferase reporter gene results showed that GAS5 was targeted to miR-18b-5p.The GAS5 expression levels of control group,quercetin group,quercetin+si-NC group and quercetin+si-GAS5 group were 1.00±0.13,1.72±0.19,1.78±0.14 and 1.16±0.11,respectively;the expression levels of miR-18b-5p were 1.00±0.15,0.67±0.08,0.72±0.06 and 0.95±0.11 respectively;Bax mRNA expression levels were 1.00±0.12,2.17±0.25,2.32±0.28 and 1.37±0.15,respectively;Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were 1.00±0.15,0.41±0.05,0.37±0.06 and 1.21±0.13,respectively.The above indexes were significantly different between quercetin group and control group(all P＜0.05);the above indexes were significantly different between quercetin+si-NC group and quercetin+si-GAS5 group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Quercetin may slow down the development of GEP-NEN by targeting GAS5/miR-18b-5p molecular axis to inhibit cell growth.

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)is one of the main causes of death and disa-bility in the East and the West.Though medical technology develops rapidly,its morbidity and mortality are still high.High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)is a kind of damage associated molecule patterns(DAMPs)that is re-leased from inflammatory cells and necrotic cells,causing inflammatory activation,releasing inflammatory factors,triggering the coagulation cascade,regulating cell migration,chemotaxis,apoptosis and autophagy.This review aims to describe the advances in the mechanism of HMGB1 involved in acute STEMI,and hope to provide new ideas for the prevention,treatment and prognosis improvement of STEMI.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in the treatment of pa-tients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)co-infection,and provide scientific basis for clinical treatment.Methods 89 initially treated non-cirrhotic patients with HCV/HIV co-infection in a hospital of Butuo County of Liangshan Prefecture from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected.All patients re-ceived glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment for 8 weeks and were followed up for 12 weeks.Virological response rate at the end-of-treatment and sustained virological response rate after 12 weeks(SVR12)of treatment as well as oc-currence of adverse reaction were recorded.Results Among 89 initially treated non-cirrhotic patients with HCV/HIV co-infection,most were middle-aged and young married men(n=79,88.8％).HIV was mainly transmitted through sexual contact(n=62,69.7％)and intravenous drug use(n=27,30.3％).The most common HCV geno-types were genotype 1b(n=33,37.1％)and genotype 3b(n=25,28.1％).All patients completed 8 weeks of treatment successfully and HCV RNA load at the end of treatment was below the detection limit(＜25 IU/mL).Eight patients failed to complete the follow-up,and the remaining 81(100％)patients achieved a sustained virologic re-sponse.There were no serious adverse reactions during the observation period,but 11 patients had mild adverse re-actions.Conclusion The 8-week treatment regimen of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for non-cirrhotic patients with geno-type 1,3,and 6 HCV/HIV co-infection can achieve 100％SVR12,with high safety and tolerability,which can be used as a good choice for clinical treatment of these patients.

Objective To compare ablation ranges of single and double needle microwave ablation(MWA)of pig lung in vivo.Methods Five healthy Bama miniature pigs were enrolled.Single needle(single needle group)and parallel double needle MWA(double needle group)were performed successively on bilateral lungs,respectively.Adverse event during MWA was evaluated according to common terminology criteria for adverse events(CTCAE).The long diameter(D1CT),short diameter(D2CT),longitudinal diameter(D3CT)and volume(V)of ablation foci were measured and calculated based on CT images immediately after MWA,whereas D1,s D2s and sphericity of ablation foci were also obtained based on specimen and compared between groups.Results D1CT,D2CT,D3CT and V,as well as D1S,D2S and sphericity of ablation foci in single needle group were all significantly smaller than those in double needle group(all P＜0.01).Mild pneumothorax(CTCAE grade 1)was found in 1 pig(1/5,20.00%)in single needle group,while mild pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage(both CTCAE grade 1)occurred in 1 pig(1/5,20.00%)in double needle group.No other adverse event was observed.Conclusion Compared with single needle MWA,double needle MWA of pig lung in vivo resulted larger ablation range and more spherically shaped ablation foci.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC),a zoonotic foodborne pathogen,can induce severe and prolonged di-arrhea,thus substantially affecting global public health safety.To understand the pathogenicity of EPEC and its potential risk to human health,this study investigated the antimicrobial resistance and genome-wide characteristics of EPEC originating from ducks.After identification of EPEC with the plate method and PCR,antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was examined with the microbroth dilution method.In addition,analyses of serotype,sequence type(ST),and plasmid incompatibility groups were conducted with whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and bioinformatic methods.Ten EPEC isolates were identified,including serotypes O71∶H40 and O3∶H21.All EPEC strains exhibited multiple drug resistance.The highest proportion of resistance(100％)was observed to ciprofloxacin,streptomycin,tetracycline,and polymyxin B.In contrast,the isolates showed susceptibility to cefoxitin,amikacin,and imipenem.Furthermore,all strains carried the tetracycline resistance gene tet(A)and extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)resistance genes,including blaOXA-10,blaTEM-1A,and blaTEM-1B.Various virulence genes,associated primarily with the secretory system,were de-tected in the isolates.However,no bf p genes or per ARC genes were identified,thus indicating that the EPEC isolates were atypical EPEC(aEPEC).The results demonstrated the presence of multiple antimicrobial resistance,multiple resistance and viru-lence genes,and various plasmid incompatibility groups,thus in-dicating potential pathogenicity to humans.Strengthened monitoring of duck-derived EPEC is crucial to effectively control the spread of the pathogen and safeguard public health.

Hypertension is a risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, which is an important public health problem in the world today. MiRNAs are a class of highly conserved non-coding small RNAs. In recent years, studies have found that miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of hypertension through a variety of ways, causing damage to the important target organs of hypertension, such as heart, brain and kidney. This article reviews the research progress of miRNA in hypertension in recent years, in order to clarify its role in the process of hypertension and target organ damage, and provide ideas for exploring new therapeutic targets of hypertension.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.

Objective:To investigate the effect of lymph node metastasis on the prognosis of patients with G2 phase stage pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm(pNEN).Methods:A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the case data of 368 patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in G2 phase stage from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016 in SEER database, including 174 males and 194 females. According to whether lymph nodes were metastatic, they are divided into lymph node non metastatic (N0) group ( n=272) and lymph node metastatic (N1) group ( n=96). The Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to compare the overall survival rate (OS) of patients in the N0 and N1 groups. The COX proportional risk model was used to evaluate whether N stage was an independent risk factor affecting prognosis. Count data were expressed as cases and percentage(%), and Chi-square test was used for comparison between the groups. Results:Among all patients, the OS of patients in the N0 group was better than that of patients in the N1 group. The OS of N0 patients at 1, 3, and 5 years was 96.3%, 92.7%, and 85.6%, respectively, while the OS of N1 patients at 1, 3, and 5 years was 92.6%, 82.1%, and 82.1%, respectively ( P=0.014). Multivariate analysis showed that age ( HR=2.245, 95% CI: 1.126-4.475, P=0.022) and N stage ( HR=0.457, 95% CI: 0.237-0.883, P=0.020) were independent prognostic factors for G2 phase pNEN patients. Conclusion:Lymph node metastasis is one of the independent prognostic factors in patients with G2 phase stage pNEN.

Objective: To identify the clinically relevant factors of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in children and establish a predictive model followed by verifying its feasibility. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in a total of 111 children with nephrotic syndrome admitted to Children's Hospital of ShanXi from January 2016 to December 2021. The clinical data of general conditions, manifestations, laboratory tests, treatment, and prognosis were collected. According to the steroid response, patients were divided into SSNS and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) group. Single factor Logistic regression analysis was used for comparison between the 2 groups, and variables with statistically significant differences were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the related variables of children with SRNS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the calibration curve and the clinical decision curve were used to evaluate its effectiveness of the variables. Results: Totally 111 children with nephrotic syndrome was composed of 66 boys and 45 girls, aged 3.2 (2.0, 6.6) years. There were 65 patients in the SSNS group and 46 in the SRNS group.Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the 6 variables, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, suppressor T cells, D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, β2-microglobulin, had statistically significant differences between SSNS and SRNS groups (85 (52, 104) vs. 105 (85, 120) mm/1 h, 18 (12, 39) vs. 16 (12, 25) nmol/L, 0.23 (0.19, 0.27) vs. 0.25 (0.20, 0.31), 0.7 (0.6, 1.1) vs. 1.1 (0.9, 1.7) g/L, 3.1 (2.3, 4.1) vs. 3.3 (2.7, 5.8) g/L, 2.3 (1.9,2.8) vs. 3.0 (2.5, 3.7) g/L, χ²=3.73, -2.42, 2.24, 3.38, 2.24,3.93,all P<0.05), were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Finally, we found that 4 variables including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, suppressor T cells, D-dimer and β2-microglobulin (OR=1.02, 1.12, 25.61, 3.38, 95%CI 1.00-1.04, 1.03-1.22, 1.92-341.04, 1.65-6.94, all P<0.05) had significant correlation with SRNS. The optimal prediction model was selected. The ROC curve cut-off=0.38, with the sensitivity of 0.83, the specificity of 0.77 and area under curve of 0.87. The calibration curve showed that the predicted probability of SRNS group occurrence was in good agreement with the actual occurrence probability, χ²=9.12, P=0.426. The clinical decision curve showed good clinical applicability. The net benefit is up to 0.2. Make the nomogram. Conclusions: The prediction model based on the 4 identified risk factors including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, suppressor T cells, D-dimer and β2-microglobulin was suitable for the early diagnosis and prediction of SRNS in children. The prediction effect was promising in clinical application.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Models, Statistical ; Prognosis ; Steroids/therapeutic use*