Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) technology originated in China during the Eastern Jin Dynasty and has rapidly developed over the past two decades, becoming a primary method for studying the causal relationship between gut microbiota and the occurrence and progression of diseases. At the same time, the therapeutic effects of FMT in the field of gastrointestinal diseases have gained widespread recognition and are gradually expanding into other disease areas. The FMT procedure is relatively complex, and there is currently no standardized method; its success is influenced by various factors, including the donor, recipient, processing of the fecal material, and the method of implantation. Given the increasingly recognized relationship between gut microbiota and various diseases, FMT has become a research hotspot in both scientific studies and clinical applications, achieving a series of significant advancements. To help researchers better understand this technology, this paper will outline the development history of FMT, summarize common operational methods in research and clinical settings, review its application progress, and look forward to future development directions.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Based on the previously identified potent XO inhibitor 1, seventeen oxadiazoles and their ring-opening analogues were designed and synthesized via the bioisostere replacement strategy. Among them, compounds 2l, 2n, and 3b showed obvious XO inhibitory activity at the concentration of 10 μmol·L^-1, and compound 3b exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 1.45 μmol·L^-1.

Objective To investigate the industrial and job changes among fishermen and their impact on economic incomes and schistosomiasis control following fishing ban and withdrawal in Poyang Lake areas, so as to provide insights into formulation of the schistosomiasis control strategy in these areas. Methods One township was selected as the study area from each of Duchang County, Poyang County and Yugan County around the Poyang Lake areas from May to June, 2023, and at least 500 fishermen at ages of 60 years and less were sampled from each township. Questionnaires were allocated to all subjects via the “Questionnaire Star” platform, including demographics, ratio of profits from different production activities before and after fishing ban and withdrawal, contact with infested water before and after fishing ban and withdrawal, and changes in household economic income before and after fishing ban and withdrawal. Subjects’ schistosomiasis examination and treatment data, and development of schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis and advanced schistosomiasis were collected from 2016 to 2023. The changes in economic incomes, contact with infested water, sero-prevalence of human schistosomiasis, and proportions of schistosomiasis examinations and treatments were compared among study subjects. Results A total of 2 449 fishermen with an average age of (49.55 ± 8.86) years were investigated, including 1 654 full-time fishermen (67.54%) and 795 part-time fishermen (32.46%). The ratios of profits from fishing activities reduced from 88.15% and 34.82% before fishing ban and withdrawal to < 0.01% and 0.03% after fishing ban and withdrawal among full-time and part-time fishermen, while the ratios of profits from other production activities increased. The proportion of full-time fishermen who thought a reduction or a large reduction in their economic incomes was 79.93% (1 322/1 654), which was higher than that (66.79%, 531/795) of part-time fishermen (χ² = 50. 307, P < 0.001), and the proportion of part-time fishermen who thought minor changes in their economic incomes was 15.60% (124/795), which was higher than that (4.11%, 68/1 654) of full-time fishermen (χ² = 96.274, P < 0.001). There was a reduction in the contact with infested water among fishermen following fishing ban and withdrawal, and the proportions of respondents that had no contact, a large reduction in contact and a reduction in contact with infested water were 14.74% (361/2 449), 57.78% (1 415/2 449) and 26.05% (638/2 449), respectively. In addition, the sero-prevalence of schistosomiasis, and proportions of schistosomiasis examinations and treatments decreased from 9.79%, 87.14%, and 97.80% in 2016 to 4.38%, 53.16%, and 71. 51% in 2023 among fishermen in Duchang County, Poyang County and Yugan County (χ² = 6.944, 865.194, 238.953, all P values < 0.01), and the prevalence of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis and advanced schistosomiasis was 42.64% (826/1 937) and 6.08% (149/2 449) among study subjects, respectively. Conclusions Industrial and job changes among fishermen are beneficial for schistosomiasis control after fishing ban and withdrawal in Poyang Lake areas; however, there is an increased difficulty for management of fishermen due to an increase in number of migrant labors and other factors.

Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death modality discovered and defined in the last decade, is primarily induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. At present, it has been found that ferroptosis is involved in various physiological functions such as immune regulation, growth and development, aging, and tumor suppression. Especially its role in tumor biology has attracted extensive attention and research. Breast cancer is one of the most common female tumors, characterized by high heterogeneity and complex genetic background. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special type of breast cancer, which lacks conventional breast cancer treatment targets and is prone to drug resistance to existing chemotherapy drugs and has a low cure rate after progression and metastasis. There is an urgent need to find new targets or develop new drugs. With the increase of studies on promoting ferroptosis in breast cancer, it has gradually attracted attention as a treatment strategy for breast cancer. Some studies have found that certain compounds and natural products can act on TNBC, promote their ferroptosis, inhibit cancer cells proliferation, enhance sensitivity to radiotherapy, and improve resistance to chemotherapy drugs. To promote the study of ferroptosis in TNBC, this article summarized and reviewed the compounds and natural products that induce ferroptosis in TNBC and their mechanisms of action. We started with the exploration of the pathways of ferroptosis, with particular attention to the System X_c^--cystine-GPX4 pathway and iron metabolism. Then, a series of compounds, including sulfasalazine (SAS), metformin, and statins, were described in terms of how they interact with cells to deplete glutathione (GSH), thereby inhibiting the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and preventing the production of lipid peroxidases. The disruption of the cellular defense against oxidative stress ultimately results in the death of TNBC cells. We have also our focus to the realm of natural products, exploring the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine extracts for TNBC. These herbal extracts exhibit multi-target effects and good safety, and have shown promising capabilities in inducing ferroptosis in TNBC cells. We believe that further exploration and characterization of these natural compounds could lead to the development of a new generation of cancer therapeutics. In addition to traditional chemotherapy, we discussed the role of drug delivery systems in enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of ferroptosis inducers. Nanoparticles such as exosomes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can improve the solubility and bioavailability of these compounds, thereby expanding their therapeutic potential while minimizing systemic side effects. Although preclinical data on ferroptosis inducers are relatively robust, their translation into clinical practice remains in its early stages. We also emphasize the urgent need for more in-depth and comprehensive research to understand the complex mechanisms of ferroptosis in TNBC. This is crucial for the rational design and development of clinical trials, as well as for leveraging ferroptosis to improve patient outcomes. Hoping the above summarize and review could provide references for the research and development of lead compounds for the treatment for TNBC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of emergency management for severe mental disorders in Shanghai, and to provide countermeasures and suggestions for the establishment of a sound emergency management system for severe mental disorders and the enhancement of emergency management capability. MethodsA questionnaire survey and qualitative interviews were used to conduct an investigation into the emergency management in 17 district-level mental illness prevention and control institutions in Shanghai, which includes the basic situation of emergency management for severe mental disorders, the construction of emergency response teams and personnel, emergency preparedness drills and training, emergency management plans and rules and regulations, and problems encountered in emergency management. ResultsIn terms of emergency management mechanism and basic situation, resources such as personnel allocation, security funds and green channel were well equipped in each district-level mental illness prevention and control institution in Shanghai. However, the equipment of some hardware facilities was still insufficient to some extent. Therefore, further improvement on the emergency management mechanism for severe mental disorders was needed. With regard to the construction of emergency team and personnel allocation, the majority were those aged between 35‒<45 years old, with a bachelor’s degree, and more than 10 years of working experience. For example, 90.27% staff in district-level mental illness prevention and control institution had a bachelor’s degree or above, which was higher than that among the staff in community-level (73.60%); staff majored in clinical medicine in district-level institution accounted for the proportion at 52.71%, higher than that among the staff in community-level (28.86%); 57.24% staff in district-level institution had an intermediate professional title, higher than that among the staff in community-level (42.28%); and 69.90% staff in district-level institution had more than 10 years of working experience, higher than that among the staff in community-level (43.62%). In the aspect of emergency drills and training, all district-level mental illness prevention and control institutions in Shanghai had a high demand for emergency training, and the weak aspects mainly focused on lack of emergency service protocols, skills of addressing technical challenges, and construction of effectiveness evaluation system. Moreover, the teaching methods were primarily centered on case analysis, simulation drills, interactive discussions, and so forth. Concerning emergency management plans and rules and regulations, all districts in Shanghai had relatively established well-developed systems for emergency response plans, emergency response leadership groups, and emergency response operational task forces for severe mental disorders. About half of the institutions had established other rules and regulations related to emergency management of severe mental disorders in addition to emergency plans. ConclusionShanghai has initially established an emergency management system for severe mental disorders, but it is still fragile in specialized training for emergency management of severe mental disorders, construction of emergency management mechanisms, and the building-up of grassroots emergency teams. Further priorities should include strengthening emergency management training, enhancing the construction of emergency management personnel teams, and gradually establishing a more comprehensive and integrated emergency management mechanism for severe mental disorders.

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and relevant factors of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City, Xizang, in 2022, so as to formulate policies for protecting children’s visual acuity and provide a basis for optimizing the children’s health service system in this region. MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among the children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City in 2022. A diopter examination was performed for these children, and a questionnaire survey was administered to their caregivers. Additionally, factors affecting children’s visual acuity abnormalities were analyzed using the χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis. ResultsA total of 759 children were included in the analysis, with an incidence rate for visual acuity abnormalities of 11.20%. Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence rate for visual acuity abnormalities among preschool children in terms of different family monthly income (χ²=17.395, P<0.001), father’s education level (χ²=5.133, P=0.023), postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation (χ²=9.575, P=0.008), and feeding method within the first 6 months after birth (χ²=9.330, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis results indicated that family monthly income <5 000 yuan (OR=2.599, P=0.003), insufficient postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation (OR=1.912, P=0.011), and formula feeding (OR=2.131, P=0.010) were relevant factors for abnormal visual development in children. ConclusionThe incidence of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children in Shannan City is slightly higher than that previously reported in other regions of Xizang. The occurrence of visual acuity abnormalities in children is related to factors such as family monthly income, postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation, and feeding method within the first 6 months after birth. Future interventions should be strengthened on the promotion and dissemination of knowledge related to eye use, such as improve parental awareness of eye care, promote timely vitamin A and D supplementation and encourage breast feeding for children after birth, more specifically, attentions need to be focused on the visual acuity problems of children from low-income families to safeguard the visual health in preschool children in Shannan City, Xizang.

Humans ; Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Postoperative Hemorrhage

Aim To screen and study the expression of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with MCAO treated with Tao Hong Si Wu decoction (THSWD) and determine the possible molecular mechanism of THSWD in treating MCAO rats. Methods Three cerebral hemisphere tissue were obtained from the control group, MCAO group and MCAO + THSWD group. RNA sequencing technology was used to identify IncRNA gene expression in the three groups. THSWD-regulated IncRNA genes were identified, and then a THSWD-regu-lated IncRNA-mRNA network was constructed. MCODE plug-in units were used to identify the modules of IncRNA-mRNA networks. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the enriched biological functions and signaling pathways. Cis- and trans-regulatory genes for THSWD-regulated IncRNAs were identified. Reverse transcription real-time quantitative pol-ymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify IncRNAs. Molecular docking was used to identify IncRNA-mRNA network targets and pathway-associated proteins. Results In MCAO rats, THSWD regulated a total of 302 IncRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that some core IncRNAs might play an important role in the treatment of MCAO rats with THSWD, and we further found that THSWD might also treat MCAO rats through multiple pathways such as IncRNA-mRNA network and network-enriched complement and coagulation cascades. The results of molecular docking showed that the active compounds gallic acid and a-mygdalin of THSWD had a certain binding ability to protein targets. Conclusions THSWD can protect the brain injury of MCAO rats through IncRNA, which may provide new insights for the treatment of ischemic stroke with THSWD.

Objective To study the stress change characteristics of the cervical disc after removing different ranges of the uncinate process by establishing a three⁃dimensional finite element model of the C

ObjectiveTo provide technical support for the molecular surveillance of pathogenic bacteria strains carrying mobile colistin resistance-1 （mcr⁃1） gene isolate from inlet of wastewater treatment plants （WWTP）. MethodsThe Enterobacteriaceae strains carrying mcr⁃1 resistance gene isolate from inlet of WWTP during April 1 to June 30， 2023 in Shanghai were cultured on blood-rich and SS culture medium and were identified using a mass spectrometry analyzer. The mcr⁃1 gene and copy number were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Drug susceptibility test was performed by microbroth dilution method. The copy numbers of Escherichia coli carrying mcr⁃1 gene isolated from wastewater and human fecel were statistically analyzed by SPSS 25.0. ResultsA total of 14 strains carrying the mcr⁃1 gene were isolated from 49 WWTP samples， and the positive isolation rate was 28.6%， including 12 non-diarrheal E. coli strains and 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. The drug susceptibility results showed that all 14 strains were multi-drug resistant bacteria. They were all sensitive to imipenem and tigecycline， but were ampicillin- and cefazolin-resistant. There was no significant difference in the copy number between human-sourced diarrheal E. coli and wastewater-sourced non-diarrheal E. coli （t=0.647， P>0.05）. ConclusionThe isolation and identification of strains carrying the mcr⁃1 gene from inlet of WWTP samples were firstly established in Shanghai. The multi-drug resistance among the isolated strains is severe. To effectively prevent and control the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria， more attention should be paid to the surveillance of mcr⁃1 gene.