Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: In September and October 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 139 102 students from 539 schools across 12 leagues/cities and 103 banners/counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Participants who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor at least once within one year and had a body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m 2 were considered to have comorbid conditions. Results: The coprevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia was 6.4% (8 931 cases). Lasso-Logistic regression revealed that nonboarding status, higher maternal education, consuming high protein foods ≥1 time daily, occasionally or never eating breakfast, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥60 minutes on fewer than half of holidays, and having been exposed to second hand smoke in person within the past seven days were associated with higher odds ratios for co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity( OR = 1.23 , 1.22-1.63, 1.20, 1.19, 1.38, 1.35); being female, higher grade level, residence in flag/county/district areas, non only child status, never having consumed a full glass of alcohol, non hypertensive status, and households without pets were associated with lower co-prevalence risks ( OR =0.65, 0.67-0.77, 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.41, 0.68) (all P <0.05). The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.64 for the predictive model, demonstrating satisfactory discriminatory ability. The calibration curve showed consistency between predicted and actual occurrence probabilities. Conclusions The co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia is closely associated with demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours, and lifestyle habits. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize these factors to implement targeted interventions.

Bispecific antibodies have shown significant efficacy in tumor therapy due to their dual targeting ability, but the complexity of their structure leads to the production of various process-related impurities such as host cell proteins, host cell DNA, and Protein A, and product-related impurities such as semi antibodies, 3/4 antibodies, homodimers, bispecific antibodies lacking one Fab arm, and aggregates during the manufacturing process. This paper systematically summarizes downstream purification strategies for dual antibodies, including affinity chromatography, deep filtration, hydroxyapatite chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and multimodal chromatography, to efficiently remove various impurities and provide theoretical support for the purification of dual antibodies.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

BACKGROUND: The available evidence regarding the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on patients receiving dialysis with coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PCI and clinical outcomes as compared with medical therapy alone in patients undergoing dialysis with CAD in China. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in 30 tertiary medical centers across 12 provinces in China from January 2015 to June 2021 to include patients on dialysis with CAD. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death, the individual components of MACE, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria types 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between PCI and outcomes. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to account for potential between-group differences. RESULTS: Of the 1146 patients on dialysis with significant CAD, 821 (71.6%) underwent PCI. After a median follow-up of 23.0 months, PCI was associated with a 43.0% significantly lower risk for MACE (33.9% [ n  = 278] vs . 43.7% [ n  = 142]; adjusted hazards ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.71), along with a slightly increased risk for bleeding outcomes that did not reach statistical significance (11.1% vs . 8.3%; adjusted hazards ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval, 0.82-2.11). Furthermore, PCI was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities. Subgroup analysis did not modify the association of PCI with patient outcomes. These primary findings were consistent across IPTW, PSM, and competing risk analyses. CONCLUSION This study indicated that PCI in patients on dialysis with CAD was significantly associated with lower MACE and mortality when comparing with those with medical therapy alone, albeit with a slightly increased risk for bleeding events that did not reach statistical significance.
Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; China ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To review recent advances in the application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas. METHODS: An extensive review of the literature on the application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas was conducted, focusing on cellular functions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical applications. RESULTS: Hair transplantation has been shown to effectively promote wound healing and scar repair in special areas. The underlying mechanisms are complex, but current understanding emphasizes a strong association with hair follicle-associated stem cells (including epidermal stem cells, dermal papilla cells, dermal sheath cells, etc). CONCLUSION The application of hair transplantation in wound healing and scar repair in special areas remains in its early stages. Further investigation into its mechanisms of action is essential, and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish its efficacy.
Humans ; Wound Healing/physiology* ; Cicatrix/therapy* ; Hair/transplantation* ; Hair Follicle/transplantation*

In order to promote the development of hair transplantation, particularly the establishment of standards, the Hair Transplantation Expert Group of Plastic and Aesthetic National Medical Quality Control Center invited experts in the field of hair transplantation across China and formed a draft of the Expert Consensus on Standard Terminology for Hair Transplantation based on the collation of relevant literature and monographs. By combining Delphi methodology and consensus meetings, the expert group conducted several rounds of consultations on issues such as follicular unit anatomy, harvesting, dissection, and implantation, ultimately presenting 54 terminologies. This consensus considers the original Chinese and English meanings as well as the professional characteristics of terms used in hair transplantation, highlights the unique features and advantages of hair transplantation, and preserves its essence while promoting innovation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for clinical researchers engaged in hair transplantation both domestically and internationally, and better facilitating the standardization and advancement of the field.

Objectives:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of typical pharmaceutical smoking cessation intervention strategies in China in the context of primary cancer prevention.Methods:Markov cohort simulation models were established to simulate the burden of 12 smoking caused cancer, including lung cancer, oral cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Taking incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) as the main indicator, the model sets one year as the cycling period for 50 periods and simulates the cohort of 10 000 thirty-five-year-old current smokers with various smoking cessation strategies. To ensure the robustness of conclusion, univariate sensitivity analysis, probability sensitivity analysis, and age-group sensitivity analysis were conducted.Results:The results showed that varenicline intervention was the most cost-effective intervention. Compared to the next most effective option, incremental cost of each additional quality-adjusted life year is 11 140.28 yuan, which is below the threshold of willingness to pay (1 year GDP per capita). The value of ICER increased as the increasing age group of adopting intervention, but neither exceeded the threshold of willingness to pay. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the value of discount rate, the hazard ratio and cost of intervention strategy had a greater impact on the result of ICER.Conclusion:In China, the use of varenicline to quit smoking is highly cost effective in the context of cancer primary prevention, especially for younger smokers.

Objective:To investigate the effect of laboratory indicators on hair loss in patients with female pattern hair loss (FPHL).Methods:Patients with FPHL who visited the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Medical Aesthetics in Hangzhou First People’s Hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the study group, and healthy women who matched the age of the study group in the physical examination center during the same period were selected as the control group. The general information of the patient was recorded, and was also tested by trichoscopy to rule out other patterns of alopecia. Representative indicators including testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S), thyroid-stimulating hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and serum ferritin were selected from laboratory tests for further analysis. Otherwise, the proportion of deficiency in vitamin D(<20 ng/ml) was calculated based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (number of deficiency cases/total number of cases in each group×100%). Count data were presented as samples (percentages), and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Normally distributed continuous data were presented with Mean±SD, independent samples t-test was used for comparison between groups, M( Q1, Q3) was used for non-normally distributed continuous data, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of FPHL. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 37 patients were selected in both groups. The mean age was (28.8±1.3) years in the study group and (29.6±0.9) years in the control group ( t=0.49, P=0.625). The body mass index was (22.8±0.4) kg/m 2 in the study group, and (23.5±0.3) kg/m 2 in the control group ( t=1.26, P=0.211). The testosterone level was 0.58 (0.49, 0.79) nmol/L in the study group, and 0.54 (0.50, 0.78) nmol/L in the control group( Z=1.42, P=0.157). The level of DHEA-S was 6.21 (5.18, 9.60) μmol/L in the study group, and 6.20 (5.20, 9.34) μmol/L in the control group ( Z=2.75, P=0.006). The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone was 2.56 (1.55, 3.66) mU/L in the study group and 1.49 (1.05, 2.65) mU/L in the control group ( Z=2.51, P=0.012). The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 15.44 (11.80, 21.20) ng/ml in the study group, and the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 20.32 (12.07, 21.20) ng/ml in the control group ( Z=2.30, P=0.021), and the proportion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the study group was 64.9% (24/37), which was higher than that in the control group [40.5% (15/37)] ( χ2=4.39, P=0.036). The serum ferritin level was 64.44 (39.47, 133.45) μg/L in the study group and 67.75 (52.63, 143.83) μg/L in the control group ( Z=0.70, P=0.484). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of FPHL was increased by the high level of DHEA-S and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and the low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Abnormal level of DHEA-S, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be risk factors for FPHL.

Objective:To explore the effect of sleep deprivation on hair growth cycle in mice.Methods:Seventy-two adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group of 36 mice and an experimental group of 36 mice using a lottery method. After hair removal, in the control the group the mice were subjected to routine feeding in a horizontal platform environment for 16 hours per day, while in the experimental group the mice were subjected to sleep deprivation using an improved water platform for 16 hours per day. On the 1st, 9th, and 19th day after the experiment, the skin tissue from the hair removal area of the two groups of mice was taken for HE staining. Then the mouse hair was staged and scored by observing hair follicle morphology under an optical microscope. The cycle and score of the hair was started from the telogen, which was set as 0 points; the anagen Ⅰ to V were set as 1-5 points; the anagen Ⅵ and catagen Ⅰ were set as 6 points; the catagen Ⅱ to Ⅷ were set at 7-13 points. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 26.0. The hair cycle score was expressed as Mean±SD. Student’s t-test was used for comparison between groups at the same time point, and Welch-test was used for comparison of scores at different time points within the group. P<0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. Results:On the 1st, 9th, and 19th day, the hair cycle scores of the control group were 1.00 ± 0.57, 5.04 ± 0.94, and 9.52 ± 0.87 points, while the hair cycle scores of the experimental group were 0.85 ± 0.62, 2.40 ± 0.50 and 6.08 ± 0.42 points. Inter group comparison showed that the hair cycle scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group at all three time points. There was no statistically significant difference on the 1st day ( t=1.03, P=0.307), while the differences were statistically significant on the 9th day ( t=13.38, P<0.001) and the 19th day ( t=16.41, P<0.001). Intragroup comparison showed that there was a statistically significant difference in hair cycle scores between the control group and the experimental group at different time points( P<0.01), and the scores increased over time. Conclusion:Sleep deprivation can cause a lag in the hair growth cycle of mice, but it does not cause a cessation of the hair growth cycle. The degree of lag gradually increases with the number of deprivation days.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of type ⅩⅦ collagen (COL17) on hair growth in mice with androgenetic alopecia (AGA).Methods:Forty-eight C57BL/6J mice were used to establish AGA model (the back hair of the mice was removed and dihydrotestosterone solution was applied) and divided into 6 groups of 8 mice each by random number table. Negative control group, injection of saline in the depilated area (single point injection of 0.05 ml, 5 points in total); positive control group, topical application of 5% minoxidil tincture in the depilated area, 1 ml/d; COL17 low, medium and high concentration groups, injection of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml COL17 in the depilated area respectively (single point injection of 0.05 ml, 5 points in total); type Ⅲ and ⅩⅦ collagen (COL3+ COL17) combined high concentration group, injection of 2.0 mg/ml COL3 and COL17 in the depilated area (single point injection of 0.05 ml, 5 points in total). The total treatment time was 21 days, during which the hair growth of mice in each group was observed and recorded. After 21 days, the skin and subcutaneous tissue in the depilated area of the mice were taken to make pathological sections for HE staining, and the number and morphological changes of hair follicles were observed; fresh skin tissue in the depilated area of the mice was taken for total RNA sequencing analysis, and the differentially co-expressed genes were annotated by gene ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).Results:After 21 days of treatment, compared with the negative control group, the depilation area on the back of the mice in the positive control group, COL17 high concentration group, and COL3+ COL17 combined high concentration group was significantly reduced, and HE staining showed that the number of hair follicles was also significantly increased. Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster heat map between groups showed that COL17 high concentration group had high gene correlation with the positive control group ( R2=0.95, P=0.024), and the gene expression was relatively close, with 3 882 differentially expressed genes (1 705 up-regulated and 2 177 down-regulated) in the two groups, while COL3+ COL17 combined high concentration group had the highest gene correlation with the positive control group ( R2=0.96, P=0.001), and the gene expression was the closest, with 1 289 differentially expressed genes (385 up-regulated and 904 down-regulated). KEGG analysis showed that compared with the negative control group, the positive control group, COL17 high concentration group and COL3+ COL17 combined high concentration group of mice all upregulated Wnt signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules and hedgehog signaling pathway related to hair growth. GO enrichment analysis suggested that COL17 high concentration group and COL3+ COL17 combined high concentration group had upregulated genes related to skin development and hair cycle. GSEA enrichment analysis found that COL17 high concentration group had upregulated genes related to fibroblast proliferation and interleukin-1 secretion, while COL3+ COL17 combined high concentration group had upregulated genes related to fibroblast migration, clearance of apoptotic cells and accelerated metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion:Local injection of 2.0 mg/ml COL17 has a certain promoting effect on hair growth in AGA model mice, and the effect is more significant after combined injection of 2.0 mg/ml COL3. Activation of Wnt signaling pathway is one of the main mechanisms of COL17 promoting hair growth.