Objective To study the expression of kynureninase(KYNU)in pancreatic cancer tissue and its relationship with immune invasion and prognosis.Methods A total of 49 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer who underwent surgical treatment in Department of General Surgery,Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects.All patients were diagnosed with resectable pancreatic cancer by pathology and imaging,and their TNM stagings of tumors were stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ,which received neoadjuvant therapy before surgery.Cancer tissue and corresponding paracancer tissue samples(≥4cm from the cancer focus)of all patients were collected.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of KYNU protein in pancreatic cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues,and the infiltration of CD8+TILs,CD103+TILs,CD68+TAMs,CD204+TAMs,and CD11c+DCs in cancer tissues.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression of KYNU mRNA.The relationship between KYNU mRNA expression and immune infiltration and prognosis was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis,Kaplan Meier survival curve,and COX proportional hazards regression model.Results The positive rate of KYNU protein(77.6%)and mRNA expression(2.9±0.7)in pancreatic cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues(38.8%,0.8±0.5),and the differences were significant(χ2=15.138,t=17.088,all P<0.05).The infiltration number of CD8+TILs,CD103+TILs,CD68+TAMs,CD204+TAMs and CD11c+DCs in KYNU high expression group was higher than those in KYNU low expression group,and the differences were significant(t=2.533～5.806,all P<0.05).The expression of KYNU in pancreatic cancer was positively correlated with the invasion numbers of CD8+TILs,CD103+TILs,CD68+TAMs,CD204+TAMs and CD11c+DCs(r=0.514,0.502,0.319,0.415,0.438,all P<0.05).The cumulative OS and DFS of high KYNU expression group were lower than those of low KYNU expression group(20.0%vs 42.9%,14.3%vs 35.7%),and the differences were significant(Log Rank χ2=4.358,4.273,P = 0.039,0.042).Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that TNM stageⅢ(HR:1.653,95%CI:1.294～1.937),low differentiation(HR:1.671,95%CI:1.284～2.003),lymph node metastasis(HR:1.582,95%CI:1.117～1.896)and KYNU high expression(HR:1.591,95%CI:1.106～1.902)were independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer prognosis(all P<0.05).Conclusion KYNU was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues,which was closely related to immune infiltration and clinical prognosis of pancreatic cancer.It may be a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To analyze cognition,attitude,behavior status and influencing factor of neurological nurses for early rehabilitation of stroke.Methods A tatol of 182 neurological nurses from 8 tertiary hospitals in Urumqi were selected as the research subjects to investigate the cognition,attitude from December 2022 to June 2023,and behavior status of neurology nurses for early rehabilitation of stroke and analyze their influencing factors.Results The scores of 182 neurological nurses during early rehabilitation of stroke were(72.57士6.79),the scoring rate was 72.57％,which was in the middle level.The average score of attitude was(89.62±2.94),and the scoring rate was 89.62％,which was at a high level.The average score of behavior was(62.08±21.50),and the scoring rate was 62.08％,which was in the middle level.Multivariate regression analysis showed that age was the influence factor of nurses'early rehabilitation cognition dimension and attitude dimension(P＜0.05);The influence factors of nurses'early rehabilitation behavior were their professional title and whether stroke had occurred among relatives and friends(P＜0.05).Conclusion Neurological nurses have a positive attitude towards early rehabilitation of stroke,but they do not implement nursing measures enough.It is suggested that rehabilitation nursing training courses should be set up to encourage nurses to update their knowledge and strengthen their self-learning so as to improve nursing behavior and improve nursing quality.

Existing studies have shown that Astragalus membranaceus(AM)and its active ingredients astragalus polysaccharides,oninon,and astragalus methyl glycosides can attenuate X-ray radiation-induced injury.However,there are no studies on how isoliquiritigenin(ISL)attenuate the bystander effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)induced by carbon ion radiation therapy for lung cancer.This study aimed to investigate the AM-derived small molecule ISL to enhance radiotherapy sensitivity by attenuating the carbon ion radiation-induced bystander effect(RIBE)in BMSCs to elucidate its mecha-nism of action.In this study,we established a C57BL/6 mouse lung cancer transplantation tumor model in vivo and a co-culture model of A549 cells and BMSCs in vitro,and the models were successfully treated with carbon ions.In further work,we used flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,Western blot,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),inhibitor,short hairpin RNA(shRNA),Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),and other methods to illustrate the mechanism.In the next experiments,we found that ISL combined with carbon ion radiotherapy had a significant anti-tumor effect and protected BMSCs from radiation damage.The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of ISL in enhancing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to radiotherapy and attenuating RIBE in both in vitro and in vivo settings.Traditional Chinese medicine combined with radiation therapy is a promising and innovative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer.These results establish a theoretical foundation for further clinical development of ISL as a potential radiosensitizer option.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic cold snare resection of small colorectal polyps and prophylactic hemostatic clip.Methods:A total of 260 patients diagnosed as having small colorectal polyps in Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were randomly assigned to cold snare polypectomy (CSP) group (receiving CSP), CSP+hemostatic clip group (receiving CSP+prophylactic hemostatic clip), hot snare polypectomy (HSP) group, and HSP +hemostatic clip group (receiving HSP+prophylactic hemostatic clip). Each group had 65 cases. The treatment, incidence of bleeding, and other complications were compared.Results:There was no significant difference in the basic characteristics of patients or polyps among the four groups ( P>0.05). Immediate intraoperative bleeding occurred in 5 cases (7.69%), 4 cases (6.15%), 3 cases (4.62%), and 3 cases (4.62%) in the four groups respectively with no significant difference ( χ2=0.778, P=0.855), while only 1 delayed postoperative bleeding was observed in HSP group with no significant difference among the four groups ( χ2=3.012, P=0.390). The incidence of postoperative abdominal pain was the highest in the HSP group ( n=7, 10.77%) significantly different from those of the CSP group ( n=1, 1.54%) and the CSP+hemostatic clip group ( n=1, 1.54%) ( P<0.05). Polypectomy time of single polyp in CSP group was the shortest (2.18±1.07 min) , followed by HSP group (2.83±0.82 min), then CSP+hemostatic clip group (3.15±1.16 min), with HSP+hemostatic clip group (4.88±1.85 min) being the longest ( F=50.397, P<0.001). Conclusion:It is suggested to use CSP for small colorectal polyps. If there is no risk of bleeding or perforation during the operation, it is not necessary to use prophylactic hemostatic clips.

Obesity is an independent factor affecting the development, progression and prognosis of breast cancer. Adipokines and their receptors play an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. Leptin is one of the important adipokines. After binding with leptin receptors, leptin not only plays an important role in metabolism, but also promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, inhibits tumor cell apoptosis and other biological effects. Besides, it is related to the outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and treatment resistance. This paper reviews the possible molecular mechanism, expression characteristics, treatment and relationship with prognosis of leptin and leptin receptor in breast cancer.

Objective:To explore the interventional effect of β-sitosterol on ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic asthma rats and its potential mechanism.Methods:SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group(CON),model group(M),positive drug dexamethasone group(DEX,0.075 mg/kg)and β-sitosterol group(Sit,50 mg/kg).A rat model of allergic asthma was estab-lished by intraperitoneal injection of OVA with aluminum hydrogen solution,and nebulized inhalation of OVA to stimulate.Rats were given intragastric administration 30 min before aerosol challenge,and after continuous administration for 7 days,the indicators of cough and asthma and tracheal phenol red excretion were detected.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of lung tis-sue.Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,apoptosis level and ratios of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood.Biochemical method was used to detect contents of MDA,and activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px in rat lung tissues.ELISA was used to detect levels of Th17 and Treg-related cytokines(TNF-α,IL-4,IL-6,IL-17A,and IL-35).Results:Compared with model group,β-sitosterol significantly prolonged the incubation period of cough and gasp in rats with allergic asthma,reduced the frequency of cough and gasping,and promoted the excretion of phenol red in trachea;significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue of asthmatic rats;observably reduced MDA content in lung tissue,ROS of primary lung cell and apoptosis levels of asthmatic rats,increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px;markedly reduced proportion of Th17 cells and levels of pro-inflammatory cyto-kines TNF-α,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-17A,increased proportion of Treg cells and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35.Conclusion:β-sitosterol can ameliorate airway inflammation and oxidative damage in OVA-induced allergic asthmatic rats,and its mecha-nism may be related to the regulation of β-sitosterol on Th17/Treg immune imbalance and oxidative stress response.

A strong animal survival instinct is to approach objects and situations that are of benefit and to avoid risk. In humans, a large proportion of mental disorders are accompanied by impairments in risk avoidance. One of the most important genes involved in mental disorders is disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), and animal models in which this gene has some level of dysfunction show emotion-related impairments. However, it is not known whether DISC1 mouse models have an impairment in avoiding potential risks. In the present study, we used DISC1-N terminal truncation (DISC1-N

A strong animal survival instinct is to approach objects and situations that are of benefit and to avoid risk. In humans, a large proportion of mental disorders are accompanied by impairments in risk avoidance. One of the most important genes involved in mental disorders is disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), and animal models in which this gene has some level of dysfunction show emotion-related impairments. However, it is not known whether DISC1 mouse models have an impairment in avoiding potential risks. In the present study, we used DISC1-N terminal truncation (DISC1-N
Animals ; Interneurons/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism* ; Parvalbumins/metabolism*

Objective:Based on the data of Global Burden of Disease 2019 data, to analyze the past, current, and future burden of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in China and compare with the international status.Methods:The total number of DALYs, age-standardized DALY rate, and the composition of different subgroups were extracted and described to analyze the time trend in 2000-2019 and the current situation in 2019 for Chinese female breast cancer. The burden of DALYs in 2050 was predicted by Joinpoint using average annual percent change (AAPC).Results:In 2000-2019, the ranking of DALYs caused by female breast cancer in China rose from the fourth to the second in all female cancers. The total DALYs increased by 48.4%, of which the years lived with disability increased from 4.8% to 8.8%. The age-standardized DALY rate only slightly decreased (AAPC=-0.3%; which increased during 2016-2019, AAPC=1.6%). In 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate for breast cancer in China was 278.0/100 000. The DALYs were 2.88 million (accounting for 14.2% of the global burden and 12.1% of all female cancers burden in China), 26.5% of which attributed known risk factors (overweight and obesity were the largest: 0.34 million DALYs, but some common breast cancer risk factors were not available on the platform, such as menstruation and fertility). In 2050, the prediction suggests that the total DALYs caused by female breast cancer in China will reach 3.80 million person-years-5.16 million person-years, increasing 32.1%-79.4% over 2019. From 2000 to 2019, the peak age of DALYs and DALY rate became older, and the DALYs among females aged 65 years and above increased faster than those younger than 65 years (AAPC were 4.8% and 1.3%, respectively). In 2019, females aged 45-74 (the starting age recommended by local guidelines for breast cancer screening) contributed 74.3% of the total DALYs.Conclusions:Over the past 20 years, the age-standardized DALY rate for breast cancer in female populations in China has not changed obviously. Without the continuous expansion of effective intervention and population aging, the burden of DALYs for female breast cancer in China will increase. DALYs for breast cancer attributed leading risk factors were still limited.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) and clinical manifestations of children with moyamoya disease (MMD), and to explore the value of EEG in the clinical diagnosis of childhood MMD.Methods:Twelve children indicated as cerebrovascular diseases by EEG and later diagnosed with MMD by head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2012 to June 2019 were enrolled in this study.Their EEG and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Nine cases were male and 3 cases were female, with the onset age of 3.0-8.7 years old.Ten cases were taken to the hospital because of paroxysmal limb weakness on one side or both sides, 1 case was because of paroxysmal fall, and 1 case was because of paroxysmal posture abnormalities.EEG background activities of 12 cases were normal.Interictal EEG was normal in 8 cases, borderline in 1 case, and abnormal in 3 cases (1 case had many slow waves in bilateral anterior head, and its number significantly increased during the awakening period; 1 case had a great many irregular delta slow waves on bilateral prefrontal cortex, showing significant aggravation during the awakening period; 1 case had many multifocal delta slow waves especially in the right frontopolar region). The hyperventilation (HV) induction test was abnormal, and rebuild-up of slow waves was noted in 4 cases.The focal delta slow waves (especially in the anterior head) developed to diffuse slow waves after stopping HV for 0.5 to 1.0 minutes, and lasted for 5 to 9 minutes after relief of symptoms.The delayed disappearance of asymmetric focal slow waves was noted in 8 cases.Focal slow waves (especially in anterior head) developed to diffuse slow waves at 1.5 to 2.0 minutes after HV initiation, and lasted for 5 to 10 minutes in total.Among them, 1 case pre-sented no obvious accompanying symptoms during HV, while 11 cases showed transient ischemic symptoms that were basically consistent with the chief complaint.The duration of symptoms was much shorter than the appearance of slow waves in EEG.Besides, brain MRI of 3 cases suggested local malacia lesions or abnormal signals, especially in parietal and basal ganglia areas.The high signal shadow was observed in the sulcus of bilateral cerebral hemispheres on the fluid attenuating inversion recovery sequence of one case.All of 12 cases were proved to MMD by head MRA.Conclusions:Clinical symptoms of children with MMD are paroxysmal limb weakness.Rebuild-up of slow waves or the delayed disappea-rance of focal slow waves is highly suggestive of MMD.These 2 kinds of abnormal EEG patterns sustain over long periods of time.Focal slow waves (especially in anterior head) develop to diffuse slow waves, and lastly decrease to focal slow waves in anterior head.