Background: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of myocarditis/pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination in Korean adolescents. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of adolescents aged 12–19 years old diagnosed with myocarditis/pericarditis within 42 days of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. All reported cases were investigated by city or government epidemiologists and the diagnostic certainty and causality was determined by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s Adverse Event Following Immunization Expert Advisory Committee according to the modified version of Brighton Collaboration Myocarditis/Pericarditis Working group’s case definitions. Results: A total 3,709,063 adolescents aged 12–19 received 8,135,240 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in South Korea, and 184 cases met the Brighton criteria for the case definition of myocarditis and pericarditis with diagnostic certainty of possible and above. The median age was 17 years old (interquartile range [IQR], 15–18) and boys accounted for 81.5% (n = 150/184) of the cases. The overall incidence was 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94–2.60) cases per 100,000 doses and severe cases was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.15–3.80) cases per 100,000 doses.The highest incidence rate was observed in boys after the second dose, with 5.01 (95% CI, 4.12–6.17) cases per 100,000 doses. A total 89.1% (164/184) were classified as mild, and no deaths were reported. Conclusion The highest incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after BNT162b2 immunization was observed in male adolescents after the second dose, with majority of the cases presenting with a mild clinical course and favorable outcome.

Voice rehabilitation after total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy is a significant challenge, especially when accompanied by gastric pull-up reconstruction. In 2021, a study revealed that tracheoesophageal puncture is also safe and feasible option for voice rehabilitation in patients who underwent gastric pull-up surgery. Here, we report for the first time in South Korea a case that represents an instance of voice prosthesis insertion after gastric pull-up surgery. The case demonstrates the feasibility and safety of voice prosthesis insertion in patients who undergo total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy and gastric pull-up surgery, providing evidence that voice prosthesis insertion is achievable and can be performed in the outpatient setting using transnasal esophagoscopy.

Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD) is a new syndrome first described in 2019 by Bastian. It is characterized by an inability to belch, along with associated symptoms such as loud gurgling noises, chest and abdominal pain/distention, and excessive flatulence. The cause of R-CPD is not yet clearly understood, but it is believed to be related to the dysfunction of the cricopharyngeus muscle. In Korea, R-CPD is not well understood yet and consequently, there is no available treatment for this condition to date. Here, we aim to report two cases of diagnosing and treating patients with R-CPD for the first time in Korea using botulinum toxin injection under local anesthesia.

Voice rehabilitation after total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy is a significant challenge, especially when accompanied by gastric pull-up reconstruction. In 2021, a study revealed that tracheoesophageal puncture is also safe and feasible option for voice rehabilitation in patients who underwent gastric pull-up surgery. Here, we report for the first time in South Korea a case that represents an instance of voice prosthesis insertion after gastric pull-up surgery. The case demonstrates the feasibility and safety of voice prosthesis insertion in patients who undergo total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy and gastric pull-up surgery, providing evidence that voice prosthesis insertion is achievable and can be performed in the outpatient setting using transnasal esophagoscopy.

Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD) is a new syndrome first described in 2019 by Bastian. It is characterized by an inability to belch, along with associated symptoms such as loud gurgling noises, chest and abdominal pain/distention, and excessive flatulence. The cause of R-CPD is not yet clearly understood, but it is believed to be related to the dysfunction of the cricopharyngeus muscle. In Korea, R-CPD is not well understood yet and consequently, there is no available treatment for this condition to date. Here, we aim to report two cases of diagnosing and treating patients with R-CPD for the first time in Korea using botulinum toxin injection under local anesthesia.

Voice rehabilitation after total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy is a significant challenge, especially when accompanied by gastric pull-up reconstruction. In 2021, a study revealed that tracheoesophageal puncture is also safe and feasible option for voice rehabilitation in patients who underwent gastric pull-up surgery. Here, we report for the first time in South Korea a case that represents an instance of voice prosthesis insertion after gastric pull-up surgery. The case demonstrates the feasibility and safety of voice prosthesis insertion in patients who undergo total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy and gastric pull-up surgery, providing evidence that voice prosthesis insertion is achievable and can be performed in the outpatient setting using transnasal esophagoscopy.

Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD) is a new syndrome first described in 2019 by Bastian. It is characterized by an inability to belch, along with associated symptoms such as loud gurgling noises, chest and abdominal pain/distention, and excessive flatulence. The cause of R-CPD is not yet clearly understood, but it is believed to be related to the dysfunction of the cricopharyngeus muscle. In Korea, R-CPD is not well understood yet and consequently, there is no available treatment for this condition to date. Here, we aim to report two cases of diagnosing and treating patients with R-CPD for the first time in Korea using botulinum toxin injection under local anesthesia.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of myocarditis/pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination in Korean adolescents. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of adolescents aged 12–19 years old diagnosed with myocarditis/pericarditis within 42 days of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. All reported cases were investigated by city or government epidemiologists and the diagnostic certainty and causality was determined by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s Adverse Event Following Immunization Expert Advisory Committee according to the modified version of Brighton Collaboration Myocarditis/Pericarditis Working group’s case definitions. Results: A total 3,709,063 adolescents aged 12–19 received 8,135,240 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in South Korea, and 184 cases met the Brighton criteria for the case definition of myocarditis and pericarditis with diagnostic certainty of possible and above. The median age was 17 years old (interquartile range [IQR], 15–18) and boys accounted for 81.5% (n = 150/184) of the cases. The overall incidence was 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94–2.60) cases per 100,000 doses and severe cases was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.15–3.80) cases per 100,000 doses.The highest incidence rate was observed in boys after the second dose, with 5.01 (95% CI, 4.12–6.17) cases per 100,000 doses. A total 89.1% (164/184) were classified as mild, and no deaths were reported. Conclusion The highest incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after BNT162b2 immunization was observed in male adolescents after the second dose, with majority of the cases presenting with a mild clinical course and favorable outcome.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of myocarditis/pericarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination in Korean adolescents. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of adolescents aged 12–19 years old diagnosed with myocarditis/pericarditis within 42 days of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. All reported cases were investigated by city or government epidemiologists and the diagnostic certainty and causality was determined by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s Adverse Event Following Immunization Expert Advisory Committee according to the modified version of Brighton Collaboration Myocarditis/Pericarditis Working group’s case definitions. Results: A total 3,709,063 adolescents aged 12–19 received 8,135,240 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in South Korea, and 184 cases met the Brighton criteria for the case definition of myocarditis and pericarditis with diagnostic certainty of possible and above. The median age was 17 years old (interquartile range [IQR], 15–18) and boys accounted for 81.5% (n = 150/184) of the cases. The overall incidence was 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94–2.60) cases per 100,000 doses and severe cases was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.15–3.80) cases per 100,000 doses.The highest incidence rate was observed in boys after the second dose, with 5.01 (95% CI, 4.12–6.17) cases per 100,000 doses. A total 89.1% (164/184) were classified as mild, and no deaths were reported. Conclusion The highest incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis after BNT162b2 immunization was observed in male adolescents after the second dose, with majority of the cases presenting with a mild clinical course and favorable outcome.

Voice rehabilitation after total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy is a significant challenge, especially when accompanied by gastric pull-up reconstruction. In 2021, a study revealed that tracheoesophageal puncture is also safe and feasible option for voice rehabilitation in patients who underwent gastric pull-up surgery. Here, we report for the first time in South Korea a case that represents an instance of voice prosthesis insertion after gastric pull-up surgery. The case demonstrates the feasibility and safety of voice prosthesis insertion in patients who undergo total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy and gastric pull-up surgery, providing evidence that voice prosthesis insertion is achievable and can be performed in the outpatient setting using transnasal esophagoscopy.