Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and its intricate pathogenesis presents challenges in the development of new drugs. As a common way of post-translational modification, acetylation regulates protein stability, enzyme activity, and subcellular localization, occurring extensively in MASLD-associated processes such as lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. In this paper, we comprehensively review the mechanism of acetylation in MASLD, analyze the expression levels of acetylases in liver tissues of MASLD patients from the gene expression omnibus (GEO), discuss the changes in relevant enzyme expression and mechanisms in animal models, and further explore the feasibility of targeting acetylation for MASLD treatment, in the hope of offering a new perspective for advancing drug discovery in the field of MASLD.

Objective: To investigate the clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and treatment strategies of a case of fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) complicated with piperacillin drug antibody. Methods: The platelet antibodies in the mother were screened and identified by ELISA. The HLA antigens of the newborn were genotyped through PCR-SSO, while the specificity of HLA antibodies in the mother was determined using a Single Antigen kit. The drug antibody was detected by a piperacillin kit. Results: Maternal antibodies against paternally-derived platelet antigens were detected. The HLA genotypes of the newborn were identified as HLA A 33∶03 and HLA B 58∶01. The mother exhibited strong positive antibodies against the specific platelet antigens of the newborn, namely anti-HLA-A33 and anti-HLA-B58 antibodies. The piperacillin antibody was detected in the newborn. Following treatment of continuous intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), platelet transfusions, red blood cell transfusions and discontinuation of piperacillin treatment, the platelet count and hemoglobin levels increased in the newborn. Conclusion: The newborn in this case was diagnosed with FNAIT complicated by the presence of anti-HLA-A33 and anti-HLA-B58 antibodies, as well as drug-induced hemolytic anemia caused by piperacillin drug antibody. The condition is more complicated under the influence of dual immune antibodies. Laboratory detection techniques such as platelet antibody and drug antibody tests can assist in early clinical diagnosis. At the same time, more active drug and blood transfusion treatments should be given in clinical practice to improve the prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and treatment strategies of a case of fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) complicated with piperacillin drug antibody. Methods: The platelet antibodies in the mother were screened and identified by ELISA. The HLA antigens of the newborn were genotyped through PCR-SSO, while the specificity of HLA antibodies in the mother was determined using a Single Antigen kit. The drug antibody was detected by a piperacillin kit. Results: Maternal antibodies against paternally-derived platelet antigens were detected. The HLA genotypes of the newborn were identified as HLA A 33∶03 and HLA B 58∶01. The mother exhibited strong positive antibodies against the specific platelet antigens of the newborn, namely anti-HLA-A33 and anti-HLA-B58 antibodies. The piperacillin antibody was detected in the newborn. Following treatment of continuous intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), platelet transfusions, red blood cell transfusions and discontinuation of piperacillin treatment, the platelet count and hemoglobin levels increased in the newborn. Conclusion: The newborn in this case was diagnosed with FNAIT complicated by the presence of anti-HLA-A33 and anti-HLA-B58 antibodies, as well as drug-induced hemolytic anemia caused by piperacillin drug antibody. The condition is more complicated under the influence of dual immune antibodies. Laboratory detection techniques such as platelet antibody and drug antibody tests can assist in early clinical diagnosis. At the same time, more active drug and blood transfusion treatments should be given in clinical practice to improve the prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze an outbreak of rotavirus infectious diarrhea in a prison in Chongqing Municipality, to provide a basis for adult rotavirus surveillance and prevention, and to explore the public health problems in special settings. MethodsA retrospective survey was conducted to collect and analyze data on individual cases with diarrheal disease on-site. The clinical characteristics, as well as the temporal, spatial and geographical distribution patterns of the epidemic were described. Multi-pathogen detection tests were conducted both on diarrhea cases and environmental samples, with viral genotyping performed on positive samples. A case-control analysis was performed to identify the causes of the outbreak, and an SEIR model was adopted to predict the outbreak trend and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. ResultsA total of 65 cases were found among the inmates, with an attack rate of 2.03%. The predominant clinical manifestations included diarrhea (89.23%), watery stool (73.85%), and dehydration (18.46%). The epidemic curve indicated a “human-to-human” transmission pattern, with an average incubation period of 5‒6 days. The attack rates among chefs in the main canteen (80.00%, 8/10) and caterers (28.33%, 17/60) were significantly higher than those of other inmates （P<0.05）. Multi-pathogen polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing detected positive for group A rotavirus, with the viral genotyping identified as G9P [8] strain. Factors such as unprotected "bare-handed" food distribution among cases with diarrhea (OR=9.512, 95%CI: 4.261‒21.234) and close contact with diarrhea cases (OR=3.656, 95%CI: 1.719‒7.778) were the possible cause of the outbreak. The SEIR model (r₀=5, α=0.3, β₁=0.08, β₂=0.04) was constructed using prison inmates as susceptible population, aiming at fitting the initial transmission trend of the outbreak, and the epidemic rate declined rapidly after intervention measures were implemented (r_t≈0). ConclusionThis rare rotavirus infection diarrhea outbreak among adults in confined settings suggests that the construction of public health prevention and control systems in prison may be overlooked. Cross infection during meal processing and distribution in the canteens of such settings is likely to be the cause of the outbreak. Given the potential neglect of public heath system construction in special settings, it is imperative to enhance the surveillance and monitoring of rotavirus and other intestinal multi-pathogens among adults, as well as the construction of public health prevention and control systems in these special settings.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death caused by phospholipid peroxidation damage of polyunsaturated fatty acids on cell membranes and involves several pathways, including the iron homeostasis regulatory pathway, the cystine glutamate reverse transporter (system Xc) pathway and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) pathway. Ferroptosis is involved in the development of several diseases (e. g. myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer and degenerative diseases). The ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification of various protein molecules in the organism. Studies have shown that regulating the ubiquitination of ferroptosis pathway-related molecules can control cellular ferroptosis. Targeting the ubiquitination of ferroptosis pathway-related molecules can effectively promote or inhibit ferroptosis, which is expected to be a new strategy for the treatment of cancer or cardiovascular diseases. In this paper we review the progress of the ferroptosis pathways and the ubiquitination modification of ferroptosis-related molecules.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of the MW-9 on ulcerative colitis(UC)and reveal the underlying mechanism, so as to provide a scientific guidance for the MW-9 treatment of UC. Methods The model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells was established. The effect of MW-9 on RAW264.7 cells viability was detected by MTT assay. The levels of nitric oxide(NO)in RAW264.7 macrophages were measured by Griess assay. Cell supernatants and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines containing IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by ELISA kits. Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced UC model in mice was established and body weight of mice in each group was measured. The histopathological damage degree of colonic tissue was assessed by HE staining. The protein expression of p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK was detected by Western blot. Results MW-9 intervention significantly inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 20.47 mg·L-1 and decreased the overproduction of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α(P<0.05). MW-9 had no cytotoxicity at the concentrations below 6 mg·L-1. After MW-9 treatment, mouse body weight was gradually reduced, and the serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly down-regulated. Compared with the model group, MW-9 significantly decreased the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 protein. Conclusions MW-9 has significant anti-inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo, and its underlying mechanism for the treatment of UC may be associated with the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To study the distribution of TCM constitutions in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:This is a multicenter cross-sectional study. The general clinical data, dialysis-related parameters and physical and chemical examination data of MHD patients from 6 dialysis centers in Sichuan were collected. At the same time, DS01-A tongue and facial pulse information collection system was used for TCM constitution discrimination.Results:A total of 232 MHD patients were enrolled , and 417 kinds of TCM constitutions were detected, including 59 patients (25.43%) with moderate constitution and 173 patients (74.57%) with biased constitution. Phlegm-dampness was the most common type of solid constitution 47 patients (20.26%). The most common deficiency constitution was qi deficiency 86 patients (37.07%). There were certain differences in the physical distribution of patients with different gender, age, dialysis age, BMI, and whether they had diabetes, hypertension or anemia.Conclusions:The TCM constitutions of MHD patients are mainly biased constitution. Gender, age, BMI, diabetes or hypertension have a certain impact on the distribution of TCM constitutions. At the same time, different constitutions may have an impact on the anemia of MHD patients. The intervention of TCM constitutions on MHD patients may be beneficial to the prognosis of MHD patients.

Objective:To discuss the possibility of modifying nonfunctional distractors to improve the quality of multiple-choice questions in medical examination through analyzing the changes in the difficulty and discrimination of items and the selection rate of modified distractors.Methods:Thirty-two multiple-choice questions involving nonfunctional distractors from a medical examination were studied. According to the item-writing guidelines, experts modified nonfunctional distractors based on actual measurements. We analyzed the changes in the difficulty and discrimination of items and the selection rate of modified distractors before and after item modification using the paired Wilcoxon test, and investigated the correlation of item difficulty and discrimination before and after item modification by Spearman's rank correlation analysis.Results:Six questions were modified due to technical factors, and 26 questions were modified due to weak interference in knowledge content. Before and after nonfunctional distractor modification, the difficulty values of the questions were 0.676 (0.558, 0.893) and 0.637 (0.531, 0.839), respectively; the discrimination values (point-biserial correlation) were 0.261 (0.150, 0.316) and 0.262 (0.138, 0.358), respectively; and the discrimination index values were 0.215 (0.113, 0.352) and 0.259 (0.138, 0.346), respectively. There were significant differences in the difficulty and discrimination index of items before and after modification. The difficulty and discrimination of items before and after modification were both significantly correlated. The selection rates of modified distractors were 0.009 (0.003, 0.015) and 0.044 (0.021, 0.092) before and after modification, respectively, which were significantly different.Conclusions:Nonfunctional distractors in this study were mainly caused by reasons in the contents of the test questions, less in technical defects. Through the analysis and modification of nonfunctional distractors, the selection rate of nonfunctional distractors can be effectively increased, and item difficulty and discrimination can be improved.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of male with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) autoantibody.Methods:The clinical data of 246 patients with DM and anti-MDA5 autoantibodies hospitalized by Jiangsu Myositis Cooperation Group from 2017 to 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test was performed to compared between counting data groups; Quantitative data were expressed by M ( Q1, Q3), and rank sum test was used for comparison between groups; Single factor survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test; Cox regression analysis were used for multivariate survival analysis. Results:①The male group had a higher proportion of rash at the sun exposure area [67.1%(47/70) vs 52.8%(93/176), χ2=4.18, P=0.041] and V-sign [50.0%(35/70) vs 30.7%(54/176), χ2=8.09, P=0.004] than the female group. The male group had higher levels of creatine kinase [112(18, 981)U/L vs 57 (13.6, 1 433)U/L, Z=-3.50, P<0.001] and ferritin [1 500 (166, 32 716)ng/ml vs 569 (18, 14 839)ng/ml, Z=-5.85, P<0.001] than the female group. The proportion of ILD [40.0%(28/70) vs 59.7%(105/176), χ2=7.82, P=0.020] patients and the red blood cell sedimentation rate[31.0(4.0, 101.5)mm/1 h vs 43.4(5.0, 126.5)mm/1 h, Z=-2.22, P=0.026] in the male group was lower than that of the female group, but the proportion of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (PR-ILD) [47.1%(33/70) vs 31.3%(55/176), χ2=5.51, P=0.019] was higher than that of the female group. ②In male patients with positive anti-MDA5 antibodies,the death group had a shorter course of disease[1.0(1.0, 3.0) month vs 2.5(0.5,84) month, Z=-3.07, P=0.002], the incidence of arthritis [16.7%(4/24) vs 42.2%(19/45), χ2=4.60, P=0.032] were low than those in survival group,while aspartate aminotransferase (AST)[64(22.1, 565)U/L vs 51(14,601)U/L, Z=-2.42, P=0.016], lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [485(24,1 464)U/L vs 352(170, 1 213)U/L, Z=-3.38, P=0.001], C-reactive protein (CRP) [11.6(2.9, 61.7) mg/L vs 4.95(0.6, 86.4) mg/L, Z=-1.96, P=0.050], and ferritin levels [2 000(681, 7 676) vs 1 125 (166, 32 716)ng/ml, Z=-3.18, P=0.001] were higher than those in the survival group, and RP-ILD [95.8%(23/24) vs 22.2%(10/45), χ2=33.99, P<0.001] occurred at a significantly higher rate. ③Cox regression analysis indicated that the course of disease LDH level, and RP-ILD were related factors for the prognosis of male anti-MDA5 antibodies [ HR (95% CI)=0.203(0.077, 0.534), P=0.001; HR (95% CI)=1.002(1.001, 1.004), P=0.003; HR (95% CI)=95.674 (10.872, 841.904), P<0.001]. Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of male anti-MDA5 antibody-positive patients are different from those of female. The incidence of ILD is low, but the proportion of PR-ILD is high. The course of disease, serum LDH level, and RP-ILD are prognostic factors of male anti-MDA5 antibody-positive patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) in athletes.Methods:A total of 18 FAI athletes (athlete group) who underwent hip arthroscopy in the Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital from April 2014 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 12 males and 6 females, aged 20.44±3.45 years (range, 15-27 years). According to gender, age, body mass index and follow-up time, 36 non-athlete FAI patients (non-athlete group) were matched at a ratio of 1∶2 by propensity score matching method. There were 18 males and 18 females, aged 20.81±4.68 years (range 14-31 years). The hip pain visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Harris hip score (mHHS), hip outcome score-activity of daily living scale (HOS-ADL) and hip outcome score-sports scale (HOS-SS) scores were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were also compared between the two groups.Results:All patients successfully completed the surgery and were followed up for 33.56±19.20 months (range, 24-77 months). The VAS score at the last follow-up decreased from 6.22±1.52 points before surgery to 1.28±1.67 points in the athletes group, and decreased from 6.28±1.37 points before surgery to 1.67±1.69 points in the non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The mHHS score at the last follow-up increased from 65.53±12.90 points before surgery to 92.28±13.59 points in the athletes group, and increased from 61.01±11.96 points before surgery to 86.82±11.98 points in the non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The HOS-ADL score at the last follow-up increased from 72.77±18.86 points before surgery to 94.00±11.36 points in the athletes group, and increased from 70.35±13.12 points before surgery to 90.78±9.36 points in non-athletes group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The HOS-SS score at the last follow-up increased from 49.77±22.93 points before surgery to 87.28±17.62 points in the athletes group, and increased from 44.08±19.66 before surgery to 72.57±20.16 in the non-athletes group. The HOS-SS scores in the athletes group at the last follow-up were higher than those in the non-athletes group ( P<0.05). Furthermore, 61% (11/18) in the athletes group achieved MCID in HOS-ADL after surgery, which was lower than the non-athletes group's 81% (31/36), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2=4.339, P=0.037). Conclusion:Hip arthroscopy in the treatment of FAI in athletes can achieve satisfactory pain relief and motor function.