Ischemia reperfusion injury （IRI） is often accompanied by serious clinical manifestations， including myocardial hibernation， acute heart failure， brain dysfunction， kidney dysfunction， gastrointestinal dysfunction， liver transplant rejection， systemic inflammatory response syndrome， multiple organ dysfunction syndrome， and so on， which pose important treatment challenges for doctors in clinical practice. Single cell sequencing technology is high-throughput sequencing of the genome， transcriptome， or epigenome at the single-cell level， in order to reveal cellular heterogeneity， and to understand the developmental trajectory， type， state， and various interactions of cells. Since its first discovery， single-cell sequencing technology has been widely applied in various fields， especially in early diagnosis and personalized treatment of tumors. This article mainly reviews the application and progress of single-cell sequencing in various organ dysfunctions caused by IRI， so as to further understand the mechanisms and signaling pathways of IRI， and to provide new ideas for targeted therapy of organ IRI.

In the process of accelerating the construction of a strong country in health and sports in China， the mode of promoting health has shifted from passive health to active health. Guided by the concept of “active health”， there is a new understanding of the relationship between sports， health， and medical care. The integration of sports and medicine is a concrete manifestation and implementation of the concept of “active health”， and an important measure to implement the Healthy China strategy， which is regarded as an important strategy to promote public health reform. This article reviews the historical path of the integration of sports and medicine from its concept to practical implementation， and finds that China proposed the integration of sports and medicine relatively late， but it has become an intense focus of academic research； The sports and medical departments have launched guidelines for chronic disease exercise and standards related to exercise prescriptions， and local governments in China have explored diversified models of integrating sports and medicine； Under the institutional requirements of top-level design， the exploration of the “integration of sports and medicine” model is flourishing. There are currently problems in promoting the integration of sports and medicine， such as the lack of a “sports and medicine integration” system and a shortage of “sports and medicine integration” talents. Drawing on the international experience of integrating sports and medical services in other countries，We propose a development strategy of “concept first， government leading， and sports and medical cooperation”； We recommend institutional optimization such as improving medical insurance related systems， establishing certification， employment， and management systems for integrated sports and medical talents， and improving the training system for integrated sports and medical talents in universities； We also advocate propose a “dual wheel” promotion path of upgrading hospital rehabilitation centers and expanding community health centers， in order to provide reference for policy formulation and promote the integration of sports and medicine to play a greater role in China’s public health.

Gynecological malignancies pose a serious threat to women's health， and the early diagnosis and precise treatment are crucial for improving patients' prognosis. With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence （AI） technology， it has become a revolutionary tool in the medical field. Through functions such as image recognition， data mining， and pattern recognition， it has opened up new avenues for the diagnosis and management of gynecological malignancies. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress of AI in cervical cancer， ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer， with a special focus on its practical applications in tumor management involving early screening，diagnosis， treatment effect evaluation and prediction of prognosis，so as to provide guidance for the future research direction of AI in gynecological malignancies.

Human exhaled breath is rich in volatile organic compounds （VOCs） with thousands of varieties. In addition to VOCs inhaled from external air， the vast majority of VOCs come from human metabolism and metabolism of the internal microorganisms. Therefore， exhaled VOCs carry abundant information about the human body， which works as "fingerprint" of an individual's exhalation pointing to the underlying metabolic status， making VOCs an ideal tool for health monitoring and disease diagnosis. In recent years， a large number of studies on disease and exhaled VOCs have shown valuable results. Many diseases in the human body are closely related to oxidative stress reaction which also produces plentiful VOCs discharged through the lungs， offering a new window for monitoring diseases. In the future， the use of exhaled VOCs analysis to detect and diagnose infectious diseases， metabolic diseases and tumors may become a new trend. This paper presents a review on VOCs in terms of concept， collection， detection， clinical application， and the relationship between exhaled VOCs and diseases.

Stroke is a common acute cerebrovascular disease. Post-stroke cognitive impairment （PSCI） is one of the most common complications of stroke， which seriously affects the quality of life and physical health of patients. As a cutting-edge medical therapy， stem cells transplantation has great potential in the treatment of PSCI by reducing inflammation， promoting axon regeneration and immune regulation， and has become the focus of current research. However， the relationship between stem cells transplantation and PSCI has not been systematically summarized. Therefore， this paper will briefly summarize the biological functions of different types of stem cells， systematically comb out and summarize the mechanisms of stem cells transplantation in PSCI regulation and its applications in PSCI treatment， providing a deeper understanding and strategy for clinical PSCI management.

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） has become the first cause of chronic kidney disease （CKD） hospitalisation in China， and is also the main cause of end-stage renal disease （ESRD） and new haemodialysis. DKD has an insidious onset， low awareness， continuous progression， and poor prognosis. Moreover， there is still a lack of effective medication and management. Accurate assessment and identification of high-risk patients with poor clinical prognosis of DKD， as well as early intervention， is of great significance to the improvement of survival rate， quality of life， and prognosis for patients with DKD. Current methods of DKD prognosis assessment mainly include pathological typing， clinical indicators， mathematical models， and biomarkers. Various methods provide means for early prediction and intervention of DKD prognosis， but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. This article provides a review of recent research progress， conducts an in-depth analysis of the application of various DKD prognostic assessment methods in clinical practice， and further explores the potential for combining different methods. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing diagnostic and treatment processes and for the exploration and development of future DKD prognostic assessment methods.

Approximately one-third of stroke patients experience post-stroke cognitive impairment （PSCI）， which significantly impacts their quality of life and survival time. The clinical evaluations of PSCI mainly rely on subjective neurophysiological scales due to its complex pathogenesis and lack of reliable， objective diagnostic tools. However， electroencephalogram （EEG） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） could provide objective indicators for diagnosis of PSCI. Based on EEG， MRI and EEG-MRI fusion， this article reviews recent advances in the central mechanisms of PSCI， focusing on changes in brainwave spectrum， brain structure， brain network etc.， in order to explore the clinical values of EEG and MRI in predicting and diagnosing PSCI， enhance the understanding of its pathogenesis and provide a basis for accurate clinical diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on vascular endothelial injury in hypertension and its molecular mechanism. MethodsC57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into saline group （Saline） and hypertension group （Ang Ⅱ， which were infused with Ang Ⅱ via subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps）， and supplemented daily with nicotinamide mononucleotide （300 mg/kg）， a precursor of NAD⁺. Blood pressure， endothelial relaxation function and pulse wave velocity were measured after 4 weeks. Wound healing assay and adhesion assay were used to evaluate the function of endothelial cells in vitro. mtROS levels were detected by immunofluorescence staining. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of mtDNA， SIRT3 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 （IDH2）. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression levels of p-eNOS， eNOS， SIRT3 and IDH2 were detected by Western blot. ResultsNMN supplementation reduced blood pressure （P<0.001） and improved endothelial function and arterial stiffness （P<0.001） in hypertensive mice. In vitro， NMN improved endothelial function in AngII-stimulated endothelial cells （P<0.05） and attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress levels （P<0.001）. Mechanistically， NMN elevated SIRT3 activity （P<0.001）， which subsequently enhanced IDH activity （P<0.001） and reduced oxidative stress levels in endothelial cells. Conversely， knockdown of IDH2 would reverse the effect of SIRT3 in improving endothelial function （P<0.001）. ConclusionNAD⁺ lowers blood pressure and enhances vascular function in hypertension by reducing the level of oxidative stress in endothelial cells through activation of the SIRT3/IDH2 signal pathway.

ObjectiveTo clearly identify the difference between rescue injuries and agonal injuries and to avoid duplicate identifications and misidentifications. MethodsBased on the forensic pathological data of 5 923 cases of death cause identification from 2013 to 2022 in Sun Yat-sen University Forensic Identification Center and Guangzhou Tianhe District Branch of Guangzhou Public Security Bureau， this study retrospectively studied the characteristics of rescue injuries and agonal injuries seen in cause of death identification and their influence on cause of death identification. ResultsAmong all the 5 923 cases， 640 cases were found to have rescue injuries or agonal injuries， and 624 cases received treatment， of which 609 cases were found to have rescue injuries （97.60%）， 44 cases were found to have agonal injuries， and 13 cases were found to have both types of injuries. Among the 640 cases， 441 were male and 199 were female. The age of death was discontinuously distributed from 0 to 95 years old. The leading cause of death was disease， followed by mechanical injury and asphyxia. The main manifestations of rescue injuries were rib and sternum fractures， soft tissue injuries in the prechest area or face， and pericardial rupture. The most common injuries in agonal stage were falling after unconsciousness， inhalation of foreign body in respiratory tract or multiple violent injuries. Among the 640 cases， 19 cases were repeatedly identified， including 15 cases of rescue injuries， 6 cases of agonal injuries， and 2 cases of both types of injuries. Compared with the cases where neither type of injuries was detected， the repeated identification rate of treatment injuries and agonal injuries was significantly increased （χ²=4.04， P=0.044； χ²=43.49， P<0.001）. Among the 640 cases， 11 cases （1.72%） were misidentified as the initial injuries in the first identification， and 13 cases had combined rescue injuries or agonal injuries that were involved in death. ConclusionsBy elucidating the epidemiological characteristics of the two types of injuries， this study proved that the two types of injuries were associated with higher rates of repeated identification and misidentification， which provided a reference for reducing repeated identification and misidentification and improving the accuracy of cause of death identification.

ObjectiveLeveraging the advanced capabilities of nanopore long-read sequencing technology， our study undertook a comprehensive analysis of the distinct transcriptomic alterations occurring in normal liver parenchymal cells and liver cancer cells subjected to hypoxic conditions. The primary goal was to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing tumor cell survival and metastasis in low-oxygen environments， thereby paving the way for innovative targeted cancer therapies. MethodsThe normal liver parenchymal cell line THLE-3 and the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B were chosen as the focal points of this investigation. Following a 48-hour incubation period in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions， total RNA was extracted from these cells. Subsequently， we employed nanopore sequencing technology to conduct a high-throughput， high-fidelity analysis of the transcriptomes of these two cell lines across different oxygen levels. ResultsThis study established a hypoxic transcriptome dataset using third-generation nanopore sequencing technology， achieving an unprecedented level of sequencing accuracy. By conducting a Gene Ontology （GO） enrichment analysis， we systematically identified and explored the key biological pathways associated with the hypoxic response （P＜0.05）. Furthermore， we integrated molecular dynamics simulation techniques to gain deeper insights into the dynamic structural changes of Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 5 （SLC1A5） during the translation of hypoxic-specific subtypes， providing direct evidence to elucidate its functional regulation. ConclusionThe application of nanopore long-read sequencing technology has proven to be a powerful tool， not only successfully capturing the distinctive expression patterns and specific subtypes of mRNA under hypoxic conditions， but also offering robust technical support for delving into the intricate transcriptomic landscape of hypoxic microenvironments. By further integrating protein structure simulations and molecular dynamics， we have proposed novel avenues for exploring protein structures in hypoxic microenvironments. The findings of this study have significantly enriched the field of hypoxic-specific transcriptomics， providing a more reliable data foundation for investigating hypoxic-specific protein structures. Moreover， these discoveries have unveiled potential hypoxic-specific targets that could be harnessed for the development of future targeted cancer treatment strategies.