This guideline outlines the use of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors, brain tumors, and other tumorous conditions. It provides detailed recommendations on patient preparation, imaging procedures, and result interpretation. Based on inter-national standards and adapted to local clinical practices, the guideline emphasizes safety, quality control, and the effec-tive application of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for various tumors such as insulinomas, pheochromocytomas, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. It also addresses the use of premedication with carbidopa, fasting protocols, and optimal imaging techniques. The aim is to assist nuclear medicine professionals in delivering precise diagnoses, improving patient outcomes, and accommodating evolving medical knowl-edge and technology. This comprehensive document serves as a practical resource to enhance the accuracy, quality, and safety of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography in oncology.

This guideline outlines the use of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors, brain tumors, and other tumorous conditions. It provides detailed recommendations on patient preparation, imaging procedures, and result interpretation. Based on inter-national standards and adapted to local clinical practices, the guideline emphasizes safety, quality control, and the effec-tive application of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for various tumors such as insulinomas, pheochromocytomas, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. It also addresses the use of premedication with carbidopa, fasting protocols, and optimal imaging techniques. The aim is to assist nuclear medicine professionals in delivering precise diagnoses, improving patient outcomes, and accommodating evolving medical knowl-edge and technology. This comprehensive document serves as a practical resource to enhance the accuracy, quality, and safety of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography in oncology.

This guideline outlines the use of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors, brain tumors, and other tumorous conditions. It provides detailed recommendations on patient preparation, imaging procedures, and result interpretation. Based on inter-national standards and adapted to local clinical practices, the guideline emphasizes safety, quality control, and the effec-tive application of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for various tumors such as insulinomas, pheochromocytomas, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. It also addresses the use of premedication with carbidopa, fasting protocols, and optimal imaging techniques. The aim is to assist nuclear medicine professionals in delivering precise diagnoses, improving patient outcomes, and accommodating evolving medical knowl-edge and technology. This comprehensive document serves as a practical resource to enhance the accuracy, quality, and safety of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography in oncology.

This guideline outlines the use of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors, brain tumors, and other tumorous conditions. It provides detailed recommendations on patient preparation, imaging procedures, and result interpretation. Based on inter-national standards and adapted to local clinical practices, the guideline emphasizes safety, quality control, and the effec-tive application of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for various tumors such as insulinomas, pheochromocytomas, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. It also addresses the use of premedication with carbidopa, fasting protocols, and optimal imaging techniques. The aim is to assist nuclear medicine professionals in delivering precise diagnoses, improving patient outcomes, and accommodating evolving medical knowl-edge and technology. This comprehensive document serves as a practical resource to enhance the accuracy, quality, and safety of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography in oncology.

This guideline outlines the use of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine tumors, brain tumors, and other tumorous conditions. It provides detailed recommendations on patient preparation, imaging procedures, and result interpretation. Based on inter-national standards and adapted to local clinical practices, the guideline emphasizes safety, quality control, and the effec-tive application of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography for various tumors such as insulinomas, pheochromocytomas, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. It also addresses the use of premedication with carbidopa, fasting protocols, and optimal imaging techniques. The aim is to assist nuclear medicine professionals in delivering precise diagnoses, improving patient outcomes, and accommodating evolving medical knowl-edge and technology. This comprehensive document serves as a practical resource to enhance the accuracy, quality, and safety of 3,4-dihydroxy-6- 18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine positron emission tomography / computed tomography in oncology.

Purpose: Fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) systems are used to treat inflammatory acne and scarring. Nonetheless, few controlled studies have combined this treatment with the traditional ablative fractional laser (AFL). We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the combination of FMR and AFL versus AFL alone in treating acne and acne scars. Materials and Methods: In this 20-week, randomized, split-face study, 23 Korean patients with facial acne and acne scars underwent FMR and AFL treatments. One half of each patient’s face was randomly assigned to receive FMR+AFL, whereas the other half received AFL alone. Treatments were administered in three consecutive sessions at 4-week intervals. This study investigated the severity of inflammatory acne, acne scars, individual lesion counts, depressed scar volumes, as well as patient and physician satisfaction. In addition, five patients underwent skin biopsy, and sebum output was measured. Results: The FMR+AFL treatment demonstrated superior efficacy compared to AFL alone in terms of inflammatory acne and acne scar grading, lesion counts, and subjective satisfaction. The side effects were minimal and well-tolerated in both groups. Immunohistochemical findings from skin biopsy samples revealed that the application of FMR+AFL could induce an inhibitory effect on sebum secretion at the molecular level. Conclusion FMR combined with AFL is a well-tolerated and effective treatment modality for inflammatory acne and acne scarring.

Objective: We aimed to explore the influence of public workers’ distress or viral anxiety on their level of depression and work engagement during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Additionally, we ascertain the mediation effect of resilience and public service motivation on this association. Methods: A total of 300 public workers participated in this online survey. Their demographic characteristics and responses to survey items were collected using the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics–6 items Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 items Scale, the Public Service Motivation (PSM) Scale, the Nine-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale–Short Form, and the Brief Resilience Scale. Results: Work engagement of public workers was expected by PSM (β=0.28, p<0.001), resilience (β=0.30, p<0.001), and work-related stress (β=-0.40, p<0.001) (F=57.4, p<0.001). Depression was expected by fewer years of employment (β=-0.12, p=0.02), viral anxiety (β= 0.21, p<0.001), and low resilience (β=-0.42, p<0.001) (F=22.1, p<0.001). Resilience and PSM partially mediated the effects of work-related stress on work engagement. Depression was influenced by COVID-19–induced viral anxiety, and their resilience—but not PSM—mediated the association. Conclusion Public workers’ resilience and PSM partially mediated the effects of work-related stress on work engagement. The influence of viral anxiety on public workers’ depression was mediated by their resilience but not PSM.

Background: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot)/ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) procedure in predicting the risk of CMV infection/disease in immunocompromised patients through a systematic literature review. Methods: The searched electronic databases included MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. A total of 884 non-duplicate citations were retrieved and a total of 25 studies (15 cohort studies, 10 cross-sectional studies) were included in this review. Study subjects were selected among patients with solid organ, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or those who were on hemodialysis. Data extraction and literature quality assessment were carried out independently by two researchers. Results: Most of the studies were conducted on patients with solid organ transplants. As it is conducted outside the body, CMV Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT/ELISA assay was safe. Regarding its effectiveness, most studies on risk analysis based on prognosisrelated outcomes reported that the inactive group showed a significantly higher hazard ratio or odds ratio than the active group. Results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also showed that the inactive group had a significantly higher incidence of CMV event (CMV infection, CMV disease, other events) than the active group. However, various thresholds for CMV cell immune response were reported, as was a broad range of predictive diagnostic accuracies. Conclusion CMV Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT/ELISA assay has potential to stratify the risk of CMV infection/disease among solid organ transplant patients and to determine a policy for a prophylaxis/preemptive. However, additional literature evidence is needed to establish thresholds for CMV cell immune response and standardized tests.

Background: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot)/ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) procedure in predicting the risk of CMV infection/disease in immunocompromised patients through a systematic literature review. Methods: The searched electronic databases included MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. A total of 884 non-duplicate citations were retrieved and a total of 25 studies (15 cohort studies, 10 cross-sectional studies) were included in this review. Study subjects were selected among patients with solid organ, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or those who were on hemodialysis. Data extraction and literature quality assessment were carried out independently by two researchers. Results: Most of the studies were conducted on patients with solid organ transplants. As it is conducted outside the body, CMV Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT/ELISA assay was safe. Regarding its effectiveness, most studies on risk analysis based on prognosisrelated outcomes reported that the inactive group showed a significantly higher hazard ratio or odds ratio than the active group. Results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also showed that the inactive group had a significantly higher incidence of CMV event (CMV infection, CMV disease, other events) than the active group. However, various thresholds for CMV cell immune response were reported, as was a broad range of predictive diagnostic accuracies. Conclusion CMV Specific Antigen Induced Interferon-Gamma ELISPOT/ELISA assay has potential to stratify the risk of CMV infection/disease among solid organ transplant patients and to determine a policy for a prophylaxis/preemptive. However, additional literature evidence is needed to establish thresholds for CMV cell immune response and standardized tests.

BACKGROUND: Cross-facial nerve graft is considered the treatment of choice for facial reanimation in patients with unilateral facial palsy caused by central facial nerve damage. In most cases, a traditional parotidectomy skin incision is used to locate the buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. METHODS: In this study, cross-facial nerve graft with the sural nerve was planned for three patients with facial palsy through an intraoral approach. RESULTS: An incision was made on the buccal cheek mucosa, and the dissection was performed to locate the buccal branch of the facial nerve. The parotid papillae and parotid duct were used as anatomic landmarks to locate the buccal branch. CONCLUSIONS: The intraoral approach is more advantageous than the conventional extraoral approach because of clear anatomic marker (parotid papilla), invisible postoperative scar, reduced tissue damage from dissection, and reduced operating time.
Anatomic Landmarks ; Cheek ; Cicatrix ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Skin ; Sural Nerve ; Transplants